scholarly journals First report of Trypanosoma cruziinfection in naturally infected dogs from southern Bahia, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilo Fernandes Leça Júnior ◽  
Valter dos Anjos Almeida ◽  
Fábio Santos Carvalho ◽  
George Rego Albuquerque ◽  
Fabiana Lessa Silva
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
First Report ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Southern Bahia ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cruzi Infection

In order to verify the Trypanosoma cruzi infection in domestic domiciled dogs in a rural endemic area from the south region of the State of Bahia, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were performed using S35 and S36 primers in 272 dogs living in the district of Vila Operaria, in the municipality of Buerarema. All animals were clinically evaluated; 2.5 mL of blood were collected through venipuncture for the performance of molecular tests. None of these animals showed clinical signs of the illness and only two were identified with the DNA parasite. This result is the first report of natural infection by T. cruzi in domestic dogs in southern Bahia.

scholarly journals Natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in dogs located in Ituberá, Southern Bahia, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Baroni de Souza ◽  
Paula Elisa Brandão Guedes ◽  
Thaís Nascimento De Andrade Oliveira ◽  
Fábio Santos Carvalho ◽  
George Rêgo Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Southern Bahia ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Local Health Authorities ◽  
The City

Chagas disease, caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is an anthropozoonosis of great importance for public health. Several species of mammals are reservoirs for this parasite, including dogs. The objective of this work was to verify the natural infection by T. cruzi in the population of dogs of the municipality of Ituberá, Bahia. A total of 392 domiciled dogs from all districts of the city were evaluated; five milliliters of blood was collected from the dogs for molecular diagnosis. T. cruzi DNA was amplified through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR); the primers P35 and P36, which amplify a fragment of 330 bp, were used. The PCR products were subjected to 2% agarose gel electrophoresis containing Sybr (Invitrogen). Of the 392 dogs evaluated, only 2 (0.51%) animals, one male and one female, tested positive for T. cruzi. This study concluded that there are dogs naturally infected by T. cruzi in the municipality of Ituberá-Bahia and that this finding is an alert to veterinarians, health professionals, and local health authorities that their own dogs can act as reservoirs of the disease.

Heterobilharzia americana Infection and Glomerulonephritis in a Dog

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Ruth
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Trematode Parasite ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Fecal Examination ◽  
Hematological Abnormalities ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Schistosomiasis is an uncommonly reported disease that usually causes weight loss, anemia, and gastrointestinal signs. A 6-year-old, neutered male dog developed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis concurrent with infection with the trematode parasite Heterobilharzia americana. At presentation, the dog had proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, and anemia. Diagnosis was based upon the histopathological appearance of the kidney. Clinical signs, biochemical and hematological abnormalities, and proteinuria resolved following treatment with fenbendazole and praziquantel. Fecal examination by saline sedimentation, miracidia hatching, or Heterobilharzia polymerase chain reaction assay may be indicated when examining a dog that is presented with unexplained glomerulonephritis and is from an endemic area.

scholarly journals Utility of forensic detection of rabies virus in decomposed exhumed dog carcasses

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Markotter ◽  
Jessica Coertse ◽  
Kevin Le Roux ◽  
Joey Peens ◽  
Jacqueline Weyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Brain Material ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Genomic Material

This report describes four suspected rabies cases in domestic dogs that were involved inhuman exposures. In all these cases, the animals were buried for substantial times beforerabies testing was performed. Animal rabies is endemic in South Africa and domestic dogsare the main vector for transmission to humans. Diagnosis of rabies in humans is complicated,and diagnosis in the animal vector can provide circumstantial evidence to support clinicaldiagnosis of rabies in humans. The gold standard diagnostic method, fluorescent antibodytest (FAT), only delivers reliable results when performed on fresh brain material and thereforedecomposed samples are rarely submitted for diagnostic testing. Severely decomposed brainmaterial was tested for the presence of rabies virus genomic material using a quantitativereal-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (q-real-time RT-PCR) assaywhen conventional molecular methods were unsuccessful. This may be a useful tool in theinvestigation of cases where the opportunity to sample the suspected animals post mortem wasforfeited and which would not be possible with conventional testing methodologies becauseof the decomposition of the material.

scholarly journals Comparison of Three Rapid Commercial Canine Parvovirus Antigen Detection Tests with Electron Microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Schmitz ◽  
Christina Coenen ◽  
König Matthias ◽  
Thiel Heinz-Jürgen ◽  
Reto Neiger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Group A ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Group B

Different antibody-based tests for rapid detection of Canine parvovirus antigens in feces are commercially available, allowing quick diagnosis in a clinical setting. However, the diagnostic accuracy of these tests compared with standard methods has not been evaluated so far. In the current study, 3 commercial tests were compared with immune-electron microscopy (IEM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dogs were divided into 3 groups: group A, samples from dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea ( n = 50); group B, dogs with chronic diarrhea ( n = 10); and group C, dogs with no evidence of gastrointestinal disease ( n = 40). Specificity of all 3 commercial tests versus PCR and IEM was good to excellent (92.2–100%). Sensitivity, in contrast, was poor: 15.8–26.3% versus PCR and 50–60% versus IEM. In group A, 10 dogs were positive by IEM and 24 dogs were positive by PCR. Positive PCR results were also obtained from animals in control groups (group B, 1 dog; group C, 5 dogs). No dog in group B or C was positive by IEM. In conclusion, the rapid tests are useful to diagnose canine parvoviral enteritis, but they do not rule out parvovirus infection in an animal with typical clinical signs. In addition, a small percentage of healthy dogs and dogs with chronic diarrhea showed positive PCR results; this may be due to asymptomatic/persistent infection or intestinal passage of virus. The significance of this finding remains unclear.

scholarly journals USE OF THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF ASYMPTOMATIC Leishmania INFECTION IN A VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS-ENDEMIC AREA

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Almeida Silva ◽  
Héctor Dardo Romero ◽  
Aline Fagundes ◽  
Nédia Nehme ◽  
Otávio Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The diagnosis of asymptomatic infection with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi has become more important over recent years. Expansion of visceral leishmaniasis might be associated with other routes of transmission such as transfusion, congenital or even vector transmission, and subjects with asymptomatic infection are potential reservoirs. Moreover, the identification of infection may contribute to the management of patients with immunosuppressive conditions (HIV, transplants, use of immunomodulators) and to the assessment of the effectiveness of control measures. In this study, 149 subjects living in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area were evaluated clinically and submitted to genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serological testing, and the Montenegro skin test. Forty-nine (32.9%) of the subjects had a positive PCR result and none of them developed the disease within a follow-up period of three years. No association was observed between the results of PCR, serological and skin tests. A positive PCR result in subjects from the endemic area did not indicate a risk of progression to visceral leishmaniasis and was not associated with a positive result in the serological tests.

Molecular characterisation of ovine herpesvirus type 2 (OvHV-2) in Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakup Yildirim ◽  
Seval Bilge Dağalp ◽  
Volkan Yilmaz ◽  
Ali Faraji Majarashin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocyte ◽  
Malignant Catarrhal Fever ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Blood Leukocyte

In this study, the physical examination of 22 cattle revealed clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). Peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) samples of the 22 cattle, and nasal (n = 7) and conjunctival (n = 9) swab samples from 16 sheep from two different farms, were taken for laboratory examination. The clinical diagnosis of MCF in cows was confirmed by the detection of ovine herpesvirus type 2 (OvHV-2) DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). OvHV-2 DNA was detected by nested-PCR in PBL of one cow with clinical signs and nasal (1/7)-conjunctival(1/9) swab samples of two sheep housed in the same barn. According to the sequence analysis, three slightly divergent viruses were detected. The results indicate the need for additional research in different regions of Turkey to gain a better understanding of the incidence of MCF and its implications for the livestock industry.

scholarly journals Updating the Quarantine Status of Prunus Infecting Viruses in Australia

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wycliff M. Kinoti ◽  
Narelle Nancarrow ◽  
Alison Dann ◽  
Brendan C. Rodoni ◽  
Fiona E. Constable
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
First Report ◽  
Hop Stunt Viroid ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Stem Pitting

One hundred Prunus trees, including almond (P. dulcis), apricot (P. armeniaca), nectarine (P. persica var. nucipersica), peach (P. persica), plum (P. domestica), purple leaf plum (P. cerasifera) and sweet cherry (P. avium), were selected from growing regions Australia-wide and tested for the presence of 34 viruses and three viroids using species-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. In addition, the samples were tested using some virus family or genus-based RT-PCR tests. The following viruses were detected: Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) (13/100), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) (1/100), Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV) (4/100), Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) (2/100), Cherry virus A (CVA) (14/100), Little cherry virus 2 (LChV2) (3/100), Plum bark necrosis stem pitting associated virus (PBNSPaV) (4/100), Prune dwarf virus (PDV) (3/100), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) (52/100), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) (9/100) and Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) (6/100). The results showed that PNRSV is widespread in Prunus trees in Australia. Metagenomic high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and bioinformatics analysis were used to characterise the genomes of some viruses that were detected by RT-PCR tests and Apricot latent virus (ApLV), Apricot vein clearing associated virus (AVCaV), Asian Prunus Virus 2 (APV2) and Nectarine stem pitting-associated virus (NSPaV) were also detected. This is the first report of ApLV, APV2, CGRMV, CNRNV, LChV1, LChV2, NSPaV and PBNSPaV occurring in Australia. It is also the first report of ASGV infecting Prunus species in Australia, although it is known to infect other plant species including pome fruit and citrus.

scholarly journals Aberrant Mesenteric Migration of Spirocerca lupi Larvae Causing Necrotizing Eosinophilic Arteritis, Thrombosis, and Intestinal Infarction in Dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-285
Author(s):  
Ori Jacob Brenner ◽  
Ana Maria Botero-Anug ◽  
Alicia Rojas ◽  
Shelley Hahn ◽  
Gad Baneth
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Coagulative Necrosis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Spirocerca Lupi ◽  
Intestinal Infarction ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Polymerase Chain

This report presents a novel canine condition in 32 dogs in which aberrant migration of Spirocerca lupi larvae through mesenteric arteries, instead of gastric arteries, led to small or large intestinal infarction. This form of spirocercosis was first recognized in Israel in 2013 and is currently ongoing. Typical clinical signs were anorexia and weakness of 3 to 4 days and, less frequently, vomiting and diarrhea, followed by collapse, bloody diarrhea, and severe vomiting. Exploratory laparotomy showed 1 or more infarcted and often perforated intestinal segments in all cases. Microscopically, there was intestinal mucosal to transmural coagulative necrosis and mesenteric multifocal necrotizing eosinophilic arteritis, thrombosis, hemorrhage, and early fibroplasia. Third-stage S. lupi larvae were identified by morphologic features in 9 of 32 (28%) cases, and the species was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction in 4 cases. Nearly 50% of the dogs had been receiving prophylactic therapy, which did not prevent this form of spirocercosis.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF Leishmania (Viannia) IN Nyssomyia neivai AND Nyssomyia whitmani BY MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herintha Coeto Neitzke-Abreu ◽  
Kárin Rosi Reinhold-Castro ◽  
Mateus Sabaini Venazzi ◽  
Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro ◽  
Alessandra de Cassia Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Sandflies transmit pathogens of leishmaniasis. The natural infection of sandflies by Leishmania (Viannia) was assessed in municipalities, in the state of Paraná, in Southern Brazil. Sandflies were collected with Falcão and Shannon traps. After dissection in search of flagellates in digestive tubes and identification of the species, female sandflies were submitted to the Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (multiplex PCR) for detection of the fragment of the kDNA of Leishmania (Viannia) and the fragment from the IVS6 cacophony gene region of the phlebotomine insects. The analysis was performed in pools containing seven to 12 guts from females of the same species. A total of 510 female sandflies were analyzed, including nine Migonemyia migonei, 17 Pintomyia fischeri, 216 Nyssomyia neivai, and 268 Nyssomyia whitmani. Although none of the females was found naturally infected by flagellates through dissection, the fragment of DNA from Leishmania (Viannia) was shown by multiplex PCR in one sample of Ny. neivai (0.46%) and three samples of Ny. whitmani (1.12%). It was concluded that Ny. neivai and Ny. whitmani are susceptible to Leishmania infection, and that multiplex PCR can be used in epidemiological studies to detect the natural infection of the sandfly vector, because of its sensitivity, specificity and feasibility.

Systemic Mycobacterium avium Infection in a Dog Diagnosed by Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of Buffy Coat

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Naughton ◽  
Katrina L. Mealey ◽  
K. Jane Wardrop ◽  
J. Lindsay Oaks ◽  
Daniel S. Bradway
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Public ◽  
Avium Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Dogs may be infected by Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis, M. bovis, and M. avium complex, and the clinical signs associated with each of these infections may be indistinguishable. Rapid speciation of the infecting organism is desirable because of the public health concerns associated with M. bovis and M. tuberculosis infections. A mycobacterial infection was suspected in the dog of this report based on acid-fast staining of organisms in macrophages obtained from liver aspirates and buffy-coat preparations. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of a buffy-coat preparation identified M. avium.

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