scholarly journals Molecular detection of Leishmania spp. in cattle from Brazil by means of PCR using internal transcribed spacer 1

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-305
Author(s):  
Geovanna Vioti ◽  
João Augusto Franco Leonel ◽  
Kleber Menegon Lemes ◽  
Vanessa Figueredo Pereira ◽  
Helena Lage Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
The State ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Leishmania Spp

Abstract Leishmania spp. are important agents of human and animal leishmaniases that have an important impact on public health. In this study, we aimed to detect the circulation of Leishmania spp. in cattle from a visceral leishmaniasis non-endemic area of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. DNA was extracted from blood samples from 100 heifers in the municipality of Pirassununga and was amplified using primers specific for the first internal transcriber spacer (ITS1), to assess the presence of trypanosomatids. The assays revealed that one sample presented bands of between 300 and 350 base pairs. In GenBank, this sample matched 100% with Leishmania infantum (314 base pairs). The results suggest that cattle can be infected by Leishmania infantum in Brazil.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an active and early surveillance methodology for visceral leishmaniasis by molecular detection in road-killed wild fauna

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloiza Teles Caldart ◽  
Fernanda Pinto-Ferreira ◽  
Andressa Maria Rorato Nascimento de Matos ◽  
Aline Ticiani Pereira Pascoal ◽  
Amanda Bertão-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
The North ◽  
Leishmania Spp

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate a methodology for active surveillance of visceral leishmaniasis by detecting Leishmania DNA in organs of wild road-killed animals from November 2016 to October 2018 in the North of Paraná, Brazil. The collection points of road-killed wild animals were georeferenced. The animals were autopsied and samples of bone marrow, lymph node, liver, spleen, and ear skin were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to PCR for amplification of Leishmania spp. 18S, kinetoplastic DNA (kDNA), HSP70, and ITS1 genes, and DNA sequencing was performed. The primers used for the amplification of kDNA, ITS1, and HSP70 genes presented non-specific results. Of the 66 mammals collected from 24 different municipalities, one Southern Tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) presented DNA of Leishmania spp. in lymph nodes by 18S PCR. DNA sequencing confirmed the results of the subgenus, Viannia, identification. We suggest using the methodology showed in the present study in the active and early surveillance of visceral leishmaniasis in a non-endemic area.

Molecular detection of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in phlebotomine sandflies from a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area in northwestern of São Paulo State, Brazil

Acta Tropica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Bastos dos Santos Brighente ◽  
Andre Antonio Cutolo ◽  
Gabriela Motoie ◽  
Cristina da Silva Meira-Strejevitch ◽  
Vera Lucia Pereira-Chioccola
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
São Paulo State

scholarly journals Ecology of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia migonei in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaella Albuquerque Silva ◽  
Fabricio Kassio Moura Santos ◽  
Lindemberg Caranha de Sousa ◽  
Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel ◽  
Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Lutzomyia Migonei

The main vector for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil is Lutzomyia longipalpis. However, the absence of L. longipalpis in a region of autochthonous VL demonstrates the participation of other species in the transmission of the parasite. Studies conducted in La Banda, Argentina, and São Vicente Férrer, Pernambuco State, Brazil, have correlated the absence of L. longipalpisand the presence of L. migonei with autochthonous cases of VL. In São Vicente Férrer, Pernambuco, there was evidence for the natural infection of L. migonei with Leishmania infantum chagasi. Thus, the objective of this work was to assess the ecology of the sand flies L. longipalpis and L. migonei in Fortaleza, an endemic area for VL. Insect capture was conducted at 22 sampling points distributed across four regions of Fortaleza. In total, 32,403 sand flies were captured; of these, 18,166 (56%) were identified as L. longipalpis and 14,237 (44%) as L. migonei. There were significant density differences found between the vectors at each sampling site (indoors and outdoors) (p <0.0001). These findings confirm that L. migonei and L. longipalpis are distributed throughout Fortaleza, where they have adapted to an indoor environment, and suggest that L. migonei may share the role as a vector with L. longipalpis in the transmission of VL in Fortaleza.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and spatial clinical profile of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area of the state of Maranhão, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. e1822019
Author(s):  
Rayssa Stefani Cesar Lima ◽  
Marilia Ramalho Oliveira ◽  
Beatriz Alves Albuquerque ◽  
Hayla Nunes Conceição ◽  
Beatriz Mourão Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Clinical Profile

scholarly journals Molecular and parasitological detection ofLeishmania spp. in a dipteran of the speciesTabanus importunus

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Marinho Dourado Coelho ◽  
Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Thoracic Region ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Genus Leishmania ◽  
Horse Fly

Leishmaniasis is an important chronic zoonosis caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania spp. The major vectors of this protozoosis are sand flies, and Lutzomyia longipalpis is considered the main species implicated in the transmission of American Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil. The presence of the parasite's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in ectoparasites such as ticks and fleas has prompted speculations about the existence of new vectors in the cycle of leishmaniasis. The aim of this paper is to report the molecular detection of Leishmania spp. in a horse fly of the species Tabanus importunus which parasitized an oligosymptomatic dog infected with Leishmania spp. Molecular amplification of the protozoan's DNA in the head, thoracic region and abdomen of the tabanid tested positive for Leishmania complex. This is the first report of the presence of DNA from Leishmaniaspp. in dipterous insects of the species T. importunus.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of Leishmania infantum in dogs in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 4077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Caetano Teixeira ◽  
Neusa Saltiel Stobbe ◽  
Verônica Schmidt ◽  
Valéria Marçal Felix de Lima ◽  
Ana Luisa Tartarotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
The City

Leishmaniosis are zoonoses that present several clinical manifestations in humans and have dogs as their main reservoir in the urban environment. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of the parasitosis and has been increasing in Brazil, despite the actions of public health agencies. Until 2002, the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) was considered free of human and canine leishmaniasis. The first human case of cutaneous leishmaniasis in RS was recorded in 2003. In 2009, the first autochthonous cases of human VL and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) were confirmed in São Borja, RS, and the occurrence of the insect vector was recorded for the first time in the state. In 2010, the first confirmed case of CVL was reported and seropositive dogs were identified in the city of Porto Alegre, RS. Given the importance of this zoonosis and the difficulties of a reliable diagnosis in dogs, this study aimed to identify epidemiological aspects of CVL in dogs in an area of Porto Alegre where cases of the disease have been reported. A total of 300 blood samples were collected from dogs in this area, which were then tested by the methods of RT-DPP® and ELISA for diagnosis of Leishmania infantum. An epidemiological questionnaire was completed by dog owners, containing aspects related to care of the animals, characteristics of their environment, and their living conditions. We observed that 83% (250/300) of the studied dogs were of mixed breed, 58% (175/300) were female, 78% (238/300) slept outdoors, and 61% (183/300) shared their living quarters with other species. Clinically, we observed that 90% (270/300) of the animals were infested by ectoparasites, 70% (210/300) had dermatopathies, 24% (72/300) presented weight loss and anorexia, and 22% (65/300) had ocular disorders. The results of the two serological tests were 100% concordant for the three seropositive samples (1%), and the remaining 297 (99%) were negative for both tests. We conclude that despite the low prevalence of L. infantum seropositive dogs, conditions in the region are favorable for CVL transmission, creating a risk of VL for the human population in the city of Porto Alegre.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Leishmania spp. in road-killed wild mammals in the Central Western area of the State of São Paulo, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Richini-Pereira ◽  
Pamela Marson ◽  
Enio Hayasaka ◽  
Cassiano Victoria ◽  
Rodrigo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Leishmania Spp

scholarly journals Colonization and genetic diversification processes of Leishmania infantum in the Americas

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Schwabl ◽  
Mariana C. Boité ◽  
Giovanni Bussotti ◽  
Arne Jacobs ◽  
Bjorn Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Independent Mutation

AbstractLeishmania infantum causes visceral leishmaniasis, a deadly vector-borne disease introduced to the Americas during the colonial era. This non-native trypanosomatid parasite has since established widespread transmission cycles using alternative vectors, and human infection has become a significant concern to public health, especially in Brazil. A multi-kilobase deletion was recently detected in Brazilian L. infantum genomes and is suggested to reduce susceptibility to the anti-leishmanial drug miltefosine. We show that deletion-carrying strains occur in at least 15 Brazilian states and describe diversity patterns suggesting that these derive from common ancestral mutants rather than from recurrent independent mutation events. We also show that the deleted locus and associated enzymatic activity is restored by hybridization with non-deletion type strains. Genetic exchange appears common in areas of secondary contact but also among closely related parasites. We examine demographic and ecological scenarios underlying this complex L. infantum population structure and discuss implications for disease control.

scholarly journals Self-healing and Underreporting of Cases of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Bihar, India: A Mathematical Modeling-based Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Prosper ◽  
Swati DebRoy ◽  
Austin Mishoe ◽  
Cesar Montalvo ◽  
Niyamat Ali Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
The State ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
True Incidence ◽  
Government Surveillance

Background: Underreporting of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in India remains a problem to public health controls. Effective and reliable surveillance systems are critical for monitoring disease outbreaks and public health control programs. However, in India, government surveillance systems are affected by levels of scarcity in resources and therefore, uncertainty surrounds the true incidence of asymptomatic and clinical cases, affecting morbidity and mortality rates. The State of Bihar alone contributes up to the 40\% of the worldwide VL cases. The inefficiency of surveillance systems occurs because of multiple reasons including delay in seeking health care, accessing non-authentic health care clinics, and existence of significant asymptomatic self healing infectious cases. This results in a failure of the system to adequately report true transmission rates and number of symptomatic cases that have sought medical advice (thus, high underreporting of cases). Objectives and Methods: There are several methods to estimate the extent of underreporting in the surveillance system. In this research, we use a mathematical dynamic model and two different types of data sets, namely, monthly incidence for 2003-2005 and yearly incidence from 2006-2012 from the Bihar's 21 most VL affected districts out of its 38 districts. The goals of the study are to estimate critical metrics to measure level of transmission and to evaluate the estimation process between the two data sets and 21 districts. In particularly, our focus is on (i) estimating infection transmission potential, underreporting level in incidence and proportion of self-healing cases, (ii) quantifying reproduction number of the$R_0$, and (iii) comparing underreporting incidence levels and proportion of self-healing cases between the two periods 2003-2005 and 2006-2012 and between 21 districts. Results: Our research suggests that the number of asymptomatic individuals in the population who eventually self-heal may have a significant effect on the dynamics of VL spread. The estimated mean self-healing proportion (out of all infected) is found to be $\sim 0.6$ with only 7 out of 21 affected districts having self-healing proportion less than $0.5$ for both data sets. The estimated mean underreporting level is at least $64$\% for the state of Bihar. The estimates of the basic reproduction numbers obtained are similar in magnitude for most of the districts, being in the range of (0.88, 2.79) and (0.98, 1.01) for 2003-2005 and 2006-2012, respectively. Conclusions: The estimates for the two types (monthly and yearly) of temporal data suggest that monthly data are better for estimation if less number of data points are available, however, in general, using such data set results in larger variances in parameters as compared to estimates obtained through aggregated yearly data. Estimated values of transmission related metrics are lower than those obtained from earlier analyses in the literature, and the implications of this for VL control are discussed. The spatial heterogeneity in these control metrics increases the risk of epidemics and makes the control strategies more complex.

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