scholarly journals Cephalometric effects of the use of 10-hour Force Theory for Class II treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Marise de Castro Cabrera ◽  
Carlos Alberto Gregório Cabrera ◽  
Karina Maria Salvatore de Freitas ◽  
Marcos Roberto de Freitas ◽  
Guilherme Janson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Class Ii Treatment ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Mandibular Molar ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Correction ◽  
Pre Treatment

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the cephalometric effects promoted by the orthodontic treatment of Class II malocclusion patients with the use of the 10-Hour Force Theory, that consists in the use of fixed appliances with 8 hours a day using a cervical headgear appliance and 16 hours a day using Class II elastics, 8 hours on the first mandibular molar and 8 hours in the second mandibular molar. METHODS: Sample comprised 31 patients with mean initial age of 14.90 years, final mean age of 17.25 years and mean treatment time of 2.35 years. The lateral cephalograms in pre-treatment and post-treatment stages were evaluated. Evaluation of cephalometric changes between initial and final treatment phases was performed by paired t test. RESULTS: The cases treated with the 10-Hour Force Theory presented a slight restriction of anterior displacement of the maxilla, increase in the effective length of the mandible, significant improvement of the maxillomandibular relationship, significant increase in anterior lower face height, distal tipping of the maxillary premolar crowns, extrusion and distal tipping of the roots of maxillary molars, significant proclination and protrusion of mandibular incisors, significant extrusion and mesialization of mandibular molars, besides a significant correction of the molar relationship, overjet and overbite. CONCLUSION: The use of the 10-Hour Force Theory in treatment of Class II malocclusion provided satisfactory results.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Maxillary and Mandibular Base Lengths and Dental Crowding in Patients with True Class II Malocclusions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. OR5-OR9
Author(s):  
Tanzin Palkit ◽  
Isha Aggarwal ◽  
Yagyeshwar Malhotra ◽  
Mandeep Uppal ◽  
Merry Goyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Complete Class ◽  
Facial Beauty ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Dental Crowding ◽  
The Relationship

INTRODUCTION: Orthodontists, for a long time have considered that occlusion and facial beauty are so interdependent that they must be equal goals of treatment.AIM: To validate the relationship between maxillary and mandibular effective lengths and dental crowding in patients with Class II malocclusions. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A sample of 40 orthodontic patients with complete bilateral Class II malocclusions in the permanent dentition (25 males, 15 females) who were divided into two groups based on severity of pre-treatment mandibular anterior dental crowding. The maxillary and mandibular effective lengths and tooth-arch size discrepancies were measured on the pre-treatment Lateral cephalograms and initial casts, respectively. Intergroup comparisons of apical base lengths were assessed with independent t-tests. Correlation between effective length and dental crowding was assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient (P <.05).RESULTS: Subjects with Class II malocclusion and moderate to severe crowding had significantly smaller maxillary and mandibular effective lengths compared with subjects without crowding and with minimal dental crowding. A weak inverse correlation was also found between maxillary and mandibular effective lengths and the severity of dental crowding. CONCLUSION: In patients with complete Class II malocclusion, decreased maxillary and mandibular effective lengths constitute a significant factor associated with dental crowding.

scholarly journals Upper Airway Dimensions in Class II Malocclusion

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirja Kirjavainen ◽  
Turkka Kirjavainen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Upper Airway Structure ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

Abstract Objective: To study the effects of cervical headgear treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion on upper airway structures in children. Materials and Methods: Forty children aged 9.1 (7.2–11.5) years with Class II division 1 malocclusion were treated using a cervical headgear as the only treatment appliance. The headgear consisted of a long outer bow bent 15° upward and a large inner bow expanded 10 mm larger than the intermolar distance. Lateral cephalograms were taken before and after the treatment. Upper airway structures were estimated from the cephalograms. The results were compared to cross-sectional data of 80 age-matched controls with a Class I molar relationship. Results: A Class I molar relationship was achieved in all treated children. The mean treatment time was 1.6 (0.3–3.1) years. The Class II malocclusion was accompanied by a similar or wider nasopharyngeal space than in the controls but narrower oro- and hypopharyngeal spaces. The retropalatal area was widened by the treatment (P &lt; .05), whereas the rest of the oropharynx and hypopharynx remained narrower than in the controls. Before the treatment, the mandibular plane was in a more horizontal position than in the controls, but during the treatment, it rotated to a position similar to that of the controls. Conclusion: Class II division 1 malocclusion is associated with a narrower upper airway structure even without retrognathia. Headgear treatment is associated with an increase in the retropalatal airway space.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Bionator and Multi. P Appliances in the Treatment of Class II Malocclusion: a Cephalometric Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Morteza Oshagh ◽  
Mahtab Memarpour ◽  
Hooman Zarif Najafi ◽  
Somayeh Heidary
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Class Ii Treatment ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Functional Appliances ◽  
Cephalometric Study

Background: Functional appliances such as Bionator have been used to treat Class II malocclusion. The purpose of this study was to compare the skeletal, dental and soft tissue effects of Bionator appliances with Multi-P (a newly developed appliance) in the treatment of Class II malocclusion. Subjects and methods: 45 class II children were chosen and randomly assigned to either the Bionator or Multi-P treatment group. After excluding 13 patients from the study, 21 patients in Bionator and 11 patients in Multi-P group have participated in the study. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed at the beginning (To) and at the end of treatment (T1) to evaluate the changes in both groups. The paired t.test and Leven’s test were enrolled for statistical analysis.Results: Reduction of ANB angle was detected in both treatment groups. The Bionator group underwent insignificant greater mandibular advancement as measured by the SNB angle. (p= 0.737) The mandibular plane angle increased insignificantly in both groups. (p> 0.05) The inclination of upper incisors decreased significantly in Multi-P group. (p= 0.042)Conclusion: Both appliances are effective therapeutic means for class II treatment associated with mandibular deficiency and may lead to normalization of the dentoskeletal parameters at the end of the treatment.

scholarly journals Comparative effects of the Mandibular Protraction Appliance in adolescents and adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno D’Aurea Furquim ◽  
Guilherme Janson ◽  
Laura de Castro Cabrera Cope ◽  
Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas ◽  
José Fernando Castanha Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Mandibular Incisor ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Soft Tissue Changes

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue effects of the Mandibular Protraction Appliance (MPA) application in adolescent and adult Class II malocclusion patients. Methods: The sample comprised the pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms of 39 subjects presenting Class II malocclusion treated with the MPA and fixed appliances. Sample was divided into two groups: Group 1 comprised 23 subjects (10 male; 13 female), at a mean pretreatment age of 11.75 years, with a mean treatment time of 3.32 years; Group 2 included 16 subjects (7 male; 9 female), at a mean pretreatment age of 22.41 years, with a mean treatment time of 4.24 years. Intergroup comparison of the initial and final stages and treatment changes between the groups was performed with t tests, at p< 0.05. Results: The adults showed less significant amounts of skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes than the adolescents. There was significantly greater palatal tipping of the maxillary incisors and retrusion of the upper lip in the adolescents. The adult group showed greater mandibular incisor proclination in the posttreatment stage. Conclusion: Adult patients treated with MPA showed less significant amounts of skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes than adolescents.

scholarly journals The esthetic profile preferences of Class II malocclusion patients treated with extraction or non-extraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Victor De Miranda Ladewig ◽  
Milena Fabri Sanches Trecenti ◽  
Renata Rodrigues Almeida Pedrin ◽  
Marcio Rodrigues Almeida ◽  
Ana Claudia de Castro Ferreira Conti
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Class Ii Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The treatment of Class II can have a positive or a negative impact on the facial profile aesthetic. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of two methods of orthodontic treatment of Class II malocclusion on the facial profile aesthetics. The facial profiles of 46 patients with Class II malocclusion were outlined by radiography before and after treatment; 23 of the patients were treated by the extraction of two maxillary first premolars (EXT group), and the other 23, with the Thurow Appliance (TA group), followed by braces. The profile silhouettes were filled in using the Corel Draw program. An album containing the patient’s silhouettes of both groups was created randomly, with two profiles of a patient per page. The preferences of 30 orthodontists, 30 dentists, and 30 laypersons in relation to the profile were recorded along with their perceived differences between the pre-treatment and post-treatment profiles, according to the visual analog scale. All groups of evaluators preferred the post-treatment profile more frequently. There were statistically significant differences in the evaluators’ preferences only between the orthodontists’ and the laypersons’ groups. None of the evaluators’ groups indicated substantial differences between the pre-treatment and post-treatment profiles. It may be concluded that both Class II treatment protocols, i.e., the double-extraction of the first premolars and the use of TA, improved the patients’ facial profile aesthetics.Keywords: Face. Malocclusion, Angle Class II. Tooth Extraction.Resumo As modalidades de tratamentos da Classe II tem um impacto sobre a estética da face que pode ser positivo ou negativo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto da estética do perfil facial decorrente de dois tipos de tratamento para a Classe II. Foram traçados os perfis faciais das telerradiografias pré e pós-tratamento de 46 pacientes Classe II, sendo 23 de um grupo tratado com extração de dois primeiros pré-molares superiores e 23 de um grupo tratado com AEB Conjugado seguido de aparelho fixo, e estes traçados foram preenchidos com o programa Corel Draw. Foi montado um álbum com as silhuetas dos pacientes (AEB e EXO) de forma aleatória, sendo dois perfis em cada folha do mesmo paciente. Foi pedido para 30 ortodontistas, 30 cirurgiões-dentistas e 30 leigos para verificarem a sua preferência em relação ao perfil e a quantidade de diferença entre os perfis pré e pós-tratamento, de acordo com a escala analógica visual. Os 3 grupos de avaliadores preferiram o perfil pós-tratamento com maior frequência. Houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes somente entre os grupos de avaliadores ortodontistas e leigos; os 3 grupos de avaliadores indicaram que os perfis pré e pós-tratamento, não diferiram substancialmente. Pode-se concluir que o tratamento da Classe II, com extração de dois primeiros pré-molares, e com o uso do aparelho AEB Conjugado produziu um impacto positivo na estética do perfil.Palavras-chave: Face. Má Oclusão de Angle Classe II. Extração Dentária. 

scholarly journals Maxillary premolars extraction or molar distalization with or without TADs: cephalometric evaluation of soft tissue changes in Class II treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Lorenz Moser ◽  
Enrica Di Lorenzo ◽  
Marco Serafin ◽  
Giuliano Maino ◽  
Ute Schneider-Moser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Premolar Extraction ◽  
Class Ii Treatment ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Pendulum Appliance ◽  
Soft Tissue Changes

Introduction: Problem solving in Class II malocclusion treatment performed with premolars extractions or distalizing techniques in relation to the profile modification. Aim: To cephalometrically compare soft tissue changes produced either by maxillary premolar extraction, tooth-borne Pendulum appliance or bone-borne MGBM appliance. Materials and Methods: Both pre- (T1) and post-treatment (T2) lateral cephalograms of 89 skeletal Class II patients (36 M, 53 F), treated during pubertal growth spurt, were retrospectively selected. Three groups were formed based on the therapy performed: 30 patients had been treated with maxillary first premolars extraction (U4), 31 patients with a conventional tooth-borne distalizing with Pendulum appliance (PA), and 28 patients with a skeletally anchored distalizing appliance (MGBM). Soft tissue was analyzed comparing upper (UL) and lower (LL) lip’s points with regard to True Vertical Line (TVL) and Esthetic plane (E-plane). Skeletal and dental values have been recorded in order to cephalometrically compare ΔT2-T1 changes among groups and to correlate dental and skeletal changes to profile modifications. One-way ANOVA was employed to compare groups at T1. Paired sample t-tests were employed to assess significant intra- and intergroup differences between T2 and T1. Significance level was set at 0.05 Results: UL and LL showed a slight but not significant retrusion relative to TVL in all three groups. UL and LL distances to E-plane were not statistically significant among U4, PA, and MGBM groups. Independently of the treatment, UL was tangent to TVL in all groups. No statistically significant differences have been shown in skeletal records. Significant differences were recorded in Overjet among U4 than PA and MGBM groups. Conclusions: Class II malocclusion treatment with maxillary first premolar extraction, conventional or skeletal distalization did not significantly affect the profile producing similar changes in the soft tissue.

scholarly journals Comparison between direct vs indirect anchorage in two miniscrew-supported distalizing devices

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Cozzani ◽  
Mattia Fontana ◽  
Giuliano Maino ◽  
Giovanna Maino ◽  
Lucia Palpacelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
T Test ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Treatment Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objective:  To compare two distalizing devices supported by palatal miniscrews, the MGBM System (MGBM) and the Distal Screw appliance (DS), in dental Class II patients. Materials and Methods:  Pretreatment (T1) and postdistalization (T2) lateral cephalograms of 53 Class II malocclusion subjects were examined. MGBM consisted of 29 patients (16 males, 13 females) with a mean pretreatment age of 12.3 ± 1.5 years; DS consisted of 24 patients (11 males, 13 females) with a mean pretreatment age of 11.3 ± 1.2 years. The mean distalization time was 6 ± 2 months for MGBM and 9 ± 2 months for DS. Initial and final measurements and treatment changes were compared by means of a Student’s t-test. Results:  Maxillary superimpositions showed that the maxillary first molar distalized an average of 5.5 mm in the MGBM and 3.2 mm in the DS between T1 and T2; distal molar tipping was greater in the MGBM (10.3°) than in the DS (3.0°). First premolar showed a mean mesial movement of 1.4 mm, with a mesial tipping of 4.4° in the MGBM; on the contrary, first premolar showed a distal movement of 2.2 mm, with a distal tipping of 6.2°, in the DS. Conclusions:  The MGBM system resulted in greater distal molar movement and less treatment time, resulting in more efficient movement than was associated with the DS; DS showed less molar tipping during distalization.

scholarly journals Dentoskeletal effects of Twin Block appliance in patients with Class II malocclusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahamad Irfanulla Khan ◽  
Praveen Kumar Neela ◽  
Nayeem Unnisa ◽  
Ajit Kumar Jaiswal ◽  
Nadeem Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Mandibular Growth ◽  
Twin Block ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

Background and aim. Class II malocclusions are most commonly seen in orthodontic practice and in the recent times Twin Block appliance has been the most popular and widely used among removable functional appliances for the correction of Class II malocclusion in growing patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the dentoskeletal effects produced by the Twin Block appliance for the correction of Class II division 1 malocclusion with retrognathic mandible. Methods. Pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2) lateral cephalograms of 30 patients treated with Twin Block appliance (mean age  =  10.8 ± 1.2 years) for the correction of class II division 1 malocclusion were compared with the 30 untreated class II control patients (mean age 11.2 ± 0.8 years) who did not undergo any treatment during this period. Both the groups were evaluated for the dentoskeletal changes using 24 angular and linear cephalometric measurements. The differences between the pre and post-treatment were calculated using a paired t-test. Results. The cephalometric analysis revealed that the Twin Block appliance stimulated mandibular growth and statistically significant differences were found between the two groups. Twin Block patients showed a statistically very high significant (p<0.001) increase in mandibular length (6.02 mm) compared with the control group (0.3 mm). ‘Headgear effect’ on the maxilla, increase in lower anterior facial height, significant reduction of overjet, overbite and Class I molar relationship was achieved in the Twin Block group. However, no significant changes appeared in the control group. Conclusion: The results of the present study conclude that the Twin Block appliance is effective in the treatment of Class II malocclusion and this is due to a combination of skeletal and dentoalveolar changes in both the arches.

scholarly journals Class II malocclusion treatment with the Herbst appliance in patients after the growth peak

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos de Castro Alvares ◽  
Rodrigo Hermont Cançado ◽  
Fabrício Pinelli Valarelli ◽  
Karina Maria Salvatore de Freitas ◽  
Christian Zamberlan Angheben
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Herbst Appliance ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Treatment Onset ◽  
Cephalometric Changes ◽  
Mean Time

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate dentoskeletal effects in the treatment of Class II malocclusion performed with the Herbst appliance in patients at post-peak stage of growth. METHODS: The sample consisted of 16 patients with Class II malocclusion and average initial and final ages of 14.04 (ranging from 11.50 to 35.66) and 17.14 (ranging from 13.68 to 38.64) years, respectively, who were treated for an mean time of 2.52 years. Lateral cephalograms were obtained at treatment onset (T1) and completion (T2) to evaluate the effects of therapy. Initial dental casts were also used to evaluate the overjet and the anteroposterior severity of molar relationship at treatment onset. The cephalometric changes between initial and final stages were compared by means of the non-parametric Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: The results showed that the Herbst appliance did not promote significant changes in the maxillary component and the effective length of the mandible significantly increased without improving the maxillomandibular relationship. Changes in the maxillary and mandibular dentoalveolar components revealed that the maxillary incisors exhibited retrusion and lingual tipping, while the mandibular incisors presented increased protrusion and buccal tipping. The dental relationships exhibited significant improvements with the treatment. CONCLUSION: Based on the present results, it was concluded that the effects of treatment performed with the Herbst appliance in patients at post-peak stage of growth are predominantly of dentoalveolar nature.

scholarly journals Long-term skeletal and dental effects and treatment timing for functional appliances in Class II malocclusion

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Franchi ◽  
Chiara Pavoni ◽  
Kurt Faltin ◽  
James A. McNamara ◽  
Paola Cozza
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Treatment Timing ◽  
Class Ii Treatment ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Functional Appliances ◽  
Fixed Appliances

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the long-term skeletal and dentoalveolar effects and to evaluate treatment timing of Class II treatment with functional appliances followed by fixed appliances. Materials and Methods: A group of 40 patients (22 females and 18 males) with Class II malocclusion consecutively treated either with a Bionator or an Activator followed by fixed appliances was compared with a control group of 20 subjects (9 females and 11 males) with untreated Class II malocclusion. Lateral cephalograms were available at the start of treatment (mean age 10 years), end of treatment with functional appliances (mean age 12 years), and long-term observation (mean age 18.6 years). The treated sample also was divided into two groups according to skeletal maturity. The early-treatment group was composed of 20 subjects (12 females and 8 males) treated before puberty, while the late-treatment group included 20 subjects (10 females and 10 males) treated at puberty. Statistical comparisons were performed with analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc tests. Results: Significant long-term mandibular changes (Co-Gn) in the treated group (3.6 mm over the controls) were associated with improvements in the skeletal sagittal intermaxillary relationship, overjet, and molar relationship (∼3.0–3.5 mm). Treatment during the pubertal peak was able to produce significantly greater increases in total mandibular length (4.3 mm) and mandibular ramus height (3.1 mm) associated with a significant advancement of the bony chin (3.9 mm) when compared with treatment before puberty. Conclusion: Treatment of Class II malocclusion with functional appliances appears to be more effective at puberty.

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