Long latency auditory evokedpotentials in malnourished children

PURPOSE: To characterize the findings obtained in the long latency auditory evoked potentials in malnourished children, as well as to compare them to the results obtained for children at the same age who present typical development. METHODS: Sixty-five children aged between 7 and 12 years old, of both genders, were evaluated. The control group consisted of 34 children with normal development and the study group consisted of 31 children diagnosed with malnutrition. All children underwent conventional pure tone audiometry, acoustic impedance measurement, dichotic digit test and long latency auditory evoked potentials. RESULTS: The study group presented a statistically significant difference for latencies of the components P1, N1 and P300. The latencies of these components were higher than those of the control group. Concerning the types of alterations found in the study group, increased latency for P1 and P300 and the absence of response in N1 were predominant. The control group showed a statistically significant difference in the amplitude of P300 when compared to the right and left ears. CONCLUSION: Malnourished children present with changes in the long latency auditory evoked potentials, suggesting a deficit in central auditory pathways and alterations in the processing of acoustic information.

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Frequency-Following Response (FFR) in Military Pilots

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1718525 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Graziela Maria Martins-Moreira ◽

Alessandra Spada Durante

Keyword(s):

Pure Tone Audiometry ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Aircraft Accidents ◽

Frequency Following Response ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Qualitative Variables ◽

Chi Squared ◽

The Right ◽

Military Pilots

Abstract Introduction Good hearing in pilots, including central auditory skills, is critical for flight safety and the prevention of aircraft accidents. Pure tone audiometry alone may not be enough to assess hearing in the members of this population who, in addition to high noise levels, routinely face speech recognition tasks in non-ideal conditions. Objective To characterize the frequency-following response (FFR) of a group of military pilots compared with a control group. Methods Twenty military pilots in the Study Group and 20 non-pilot military personnel, not exposed to noise in their work, in the Control Group, all with normal hearing, aged between 30 and 40 years old, completed a questionnaire to assess their hearing habits, and their FFRs were measured with a /da/ syllable (duration 40 milliseconds, speed 10.9/s), at 80 dB NA in the right ear. All procedures were approved by the ethical committee of the institution. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-Student or Mann-Whitney tests for quantitative variables, and the Fisher or chi-squared tests for qualitative variables, and a value of p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results There was no significant difference between the groups regarding auditory habits. In the FFR, wave amplitudes A (p = 0.01) and C (p = 0.04) were significantly lower in the Study Group. Conclusion Working as a military pilot can be a crucial factor in determining an individual's typical FFR pattern, demonstrated in the present study by statistically significant reductions in the amplitudes of the A and C waves.

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Physiotherapy Approaches in the Treatment of Ataxic Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair ◽

10.1177/154596830101500308 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 203-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Kadriye Armutlu ◽

Rana Karabudak ◽

Gülay Nurlu

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Evoked Potentials ◽

Motor Evoked Potentials ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Conduction Time ◽

Expanded Disability Status Scale ◽

Gait Parameters ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Disability Status

Objective: This study was planned to investigate the efficacy of neuromuscular rehabilitation and Johnstone Pressure Splints in the patients who had ataxic multiple sclerosis. Methods: Twenty-six outpatients with multiple sclerosis were the subjects of the study. The control group (n = 13) was given neuromuscular rehabilitation, whereas the study group (n = 13) was treated with Johnstone Pressure Splints in ad dition. Results: In pre- and posttreatment data, significant differences were found in sensation, anterior balance, gait parameters, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (p < 0.05). An important difference was observed in walking-on-two-lines data within the groups (p < 0.05). There also was a statistically significant difference in pendular movements and dysdiadakokinesia (p < 0.05). When the posttreatment values were compared, there was no significant difference between sensation, anterior balance, gait parameters, equilibrium and nonequilibrium coordination tests, Expanded Disability Status Scale, cortical onset latency, and central conduction time of somatosensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials (p > 0.05). Comparison of values re vealed an important difference in cortical onset-P37 peak amplitude of somatosen sory evoked potentials (right limbs) in favor of the study group (p < 0.05). Conclu sions : According to our study, it was determined that physiotherapy approaches were effective to decrease the ataxia. We conclude that the combination of suitable phys iotherapy techniques is effective multiple sclerosis rehabilitation. Key Words: Multi ple sclerosis—Ataxia—Physical therapy.

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The Effect of Smoking on Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Positive- and Negative-Symptom Schizophrenia

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852900008063 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 514-522

Author(s):

Ahmed Mubarak ◽

Adel Badawy

Keyword(s):

Evoked Potentials ◽

Negative Symptom ◽

Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Positive Symptoms ◽

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽

Group Type ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Composite Scores

AbstractStudying brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and comparing the specific waves in smokers vs nonsmokers in both positive- and negative-symptom schizophrenia may elucidate the role of smoking in information processing. BAEPs were recorded in 40 patients with schizophrenia; 20 had predominantly positive symptoms (10 smokers and 10 nonsmokers) and 20 had predominantly negative symptoms (10 smokers and 10 nonsmokers). The severity of positive and negative symptoms was assessed by scale of assessment of positive symptoms and scale of assessment of negative symptoms (SANS). The BAEP results were compared with 15 healthy control individuals matched with the patients by age, sex, and cultural background. The smokers with negative symptoms showed a significant increase in the alogia, summary, and composite scores of SANS as compared to the nonsmokers. Although, most of the BAEP abnormalities were among patients with positive symptoms. The effect of smoking on the BAEPs was only in patients with negative symptoms.We also studied the interaction between smoking factor (smokers vs nonsmokers) and group type (group with mostly positive symptoms vs group with mostly negative symptoms) on the BAEPs and found a significant difference only for the first-wave latency mainly on the right side (P=0.012). The absence of a significant effect of smoking on most of the parameters of the BAEPs on interaction with the group factor suggests that the effect of smoking on the BAEPs is more apparent when negative symptoms prevail. However, studies are warranted to substantiate this finding.

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The Relationships between the Repolarisation and Depolarisation Markers of Sudden Cardiac Death in Smokers

Journal of Research in Clinical Medicine ◽

10.34172/jrcm.2021.005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 5-5

Author(s):

Ayhan Cosgun ◽

Mustafa Hamidullah Türkkanı

Keyword(s):

Sudden Cardiac Death ◽

Cardiac Death ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Wave Dispersion ◽

P Wave ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

P Wave Dispersion ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right

Backgroung: The risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) increase in smokers. This study aimed to determine the relationships between the repolarization and depolarization predictors of SCD in routine electrocardiography (ECG) in smokers. Methods: Between January and August-2019, ninety-eight healthy patients smoking for more than five years were included in the study group by simple random sampling. The control group consisted of one hundred twenty-two non-smokers. In the study and control group, following a routine physical examination and blood tests, P wave dispersion in the right precordial leads (PWdR) and the left precordial leads (PWdL), T peak-end interval in the right precordial leads (Tp-eR) and the left precordial leads (Tp-eL), QRS dispersion in the right precordial leads (dQRSR) and the left precordial leads (dQRSL), and QRS duration values in the right precordial leads (QRSR) and the left precordial leads (QRSL) were calculated in routine 12-lead ECG + right precordial leads. Results: There was a statistically significant moderate positive correlation between dQRSRxTp-eR/QRSR-value and smoking time in the study group. Also, there was a statistically significant weak negative correlation between dQRSLxTp-eL/QRSL-value and smoking time in the study group (Respectively, R=0.52, and P<0.01, R=0.41 and P<0.01). There was a significant difference between correlation ratio of dQRSRxTp-eR/QRS-value and smoking time and dQRSLxTp-eL/QRSL-value and smoking time in the study group (Z=5.73, p<0.01). Conclusions: In the current smokers, dQRSRxTp-eR/QRSR and dQRSLxTp-eL/QRSL values significantly higher than in the control group.

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Middle latency auditory evoked potential in child population

Journal of Human Growth and Development ◽

10.7322/jhgd.122905 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 368 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anna Caroline Silva de Oliveira ◽

Simone Fiuza Regaçone ◽

Ana Claudia Figueiredo Frizzo

Keyword(s):

Evoked Potentials ◽

Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽

Evoked Potential ◽

Auditory Evoked Potential ◽

Electrode Position ◽

Potential System ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Left And Right ◽

Middle Latency ◽

The Right

Introduction: The middle-latency auditory evoked potential is used to evaluate any abnormality that might impair the central auditory pathways, which are situated between the brain stem and the primary auditory cortex. Objective: To analyse the middle-latency auditory evoked potentials in children. Methods: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Pure-tone audiometry was performed, and if no change was detected, Biologic’s portable Evoked Potential System (EP) was used to measure auditory evoked potentials. The identification of the responses was performed using electrodes positioned at C3 and C4 (left and right hemispheres) in reference to ears A1 and A2 (left and right earlobe). These were ipsilaterally and contralaterally paired and landed at Fpz (forehead), in two steps, with alternating stimulation of the right and left ears. Results: In this study, there was 100% detectability of the Na, Pa, and Nb components and interamplitude Na–Pa. This study compared different electrode leads, and there was no significant difference between the different electrode positions studied for the right and left ears in the studied population. Conclusion: It was concluded that the examination of middle-latency evoked potential is steady and feasible for the studied age group regardless of electrode position.

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P3 and other Long Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials in Presenile Dementia Alzheimer Type and Alcoholic Korsakoff Syndrome

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.147.6.702 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 147 (6) ◽

pp. 702-706 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

David M. St Clair ◽

Douglas H. R. Blackwood ◽

Janice E. Christie

Keyword(s):

Evoked Potentials ◽

Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽

Control Group ◽

Alzheimer Type ◽

Presenile Dementia ◽

Korsakoff Syndrome ◽

Long Latency ◽

Potential Recording ◽

And Control ◽

Drug Free

The P300 (P3) and other long latency auditory evoked potentials were measured in 15 patients with presenile dementia Alzheimer type (ATD), 16 patients with alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome (KS) and 23 age-matched control subjects. All were drug free for at least four weeks before testing. The latency of the P3 was significantly longer and the amplitude significantly smaller in the ATD group than in both the KS and control groups. The KS group did not differ significantly from the control group in either latency or amplitude of P3 but both the KS and ATD groups had reduced N1 and P2 compared to controls. Using a combination of P3 latency and amplitude, 70% of the ATD patients could be separated from the other groups with no false positives. These findings suggest that evoked potential recording may be of value in the diagnosis of early ATD.

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The Effect of Reflexology on Lactation in Women Who Had Cesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Complementary Medicine Research ◽

10.1159/000513924 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Sevde Aksu ◽

Pelin Palas Karaca

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Breast Pain ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Documentation Tool ◽

And Control

Aim: The research was conducted as a randomized controlled pilot study to evaluate the effects of reflexology on lactation in mothers who delivered by cesarean section (CS). Methods: A single-blind randomized controlled experimental study was conducted with a total of 60 postpartum women in the reflexology application (n = 30) and control groups (n = 30). After the CS, the mothers in the control group were given approximately 3-h routine nursing care after recovering from the effects of anesthesia; the introductory information form was applied, and the Breastfeeding Charting System and Documentation Tool (LATCH) and visual analog scale (VAS) for the signs of the onset of lactation were implemented on the first and second days. Reflexology was applied to the women in the intervention group after an average of 3 h following the mother’s condition had become stable and she had recovered from the effects of anesthesia. Reflexology was applied a total of 20 min – 10 min for the right foot, 10 min for the left foot – twice a day with 8-h intervals on the first and second days after CS. After the last reflexology application, the LATCH and VAS for the signs of the onset of lactation were applied. Results: Of the women, 70% breastfed their babies within 60 min after delivery; 46.7% of the mothers received breastfeeding training and 81.7% needed support for breastfeeding after the CS. The LATCH breastfeeding scores of the women in the intervention group on both days were significantly higher compared to those of the women in the control group (p < 0.001). On the first day after the CS, apart from breast pain, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of breast heat and breast tension (p > 0.05). On the second day after the CS, apart from breast tension, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of breast heat and breast pain (p < 0.05). In the study, women in the intervention group were found to have higher scores in terms of all three symptoms compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In the study, it was determined that LATCH scores and signs of the onset of breastfeeding increased in the mothers who received reflexology after CS.

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Cytokine profiles and Lactobacillus species presence in pre-menopausal subjects with genital Mycoplasma genitalium or Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization

Women s Health ◽

10.1177/17455065211009181 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 174550652110091

Author(s):

John Garza ◽

Kushal Gandhi ◽

Sarah Choi ◽

Asley Sanchez ◽

Gary Ventolini

Keyword(s):

Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽

Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽

Interleukin 12 ◽

Lactobacillus Species ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Species Dominance ◽

Cytokine Profiles ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Significant Difference

Background and Purpose: Lactobacilli play a vital role in protecting the vagina against pathogens. Cytokines are vital components of defense against infections in women. The genital mycoplasmas, Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum, are associated with various infectious diseases in adults and infants. The objective of our study is to identify differences in cytokine profile and Lactobacillus species dominance between a study group of non-pregnant pre-menopausal women with genital M. genitalium or U. urealyticum colonization and a control group of non-pregnant pre-menopausal women without genital M. genitalium or U. urealyticum colonization. Methods: A real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure Lactobacillus species in vaginal swab samples. Cytokine analysis was performed using multiplex immunoassay techniques. Analysis of variance confirmed a significant difference in cytokine profiles between patient groups, with t-tests identifying the most significantly different cytokines. Categorical data analysis identified significant patterns of relative Lactobacillus species dominance in the study group. Results: Lactobacillus iners was the predominant Lactobacillus species in the control group ( p = 0.005). There were no dominant Lactobacillus species observed in the study group. Vascular endothelial growth factor A ( p = 0.002), interleukin-8 ( p = 0.001), and interleukin-1β ( p = 0.049) were expressed significantly higher in the study group, whereas interleukin-1 receptor antagonist ( p < 0.001), interleukin-10 ( p = 0.001), interleukin-12 ( p = 0.002), and interferon-γ ( p = 0.022) were expressed higher in the control group. Association matrices for cytokines were significantly different between two groups ( p < 0.001), with mostly negative associations in the control group and mostly positive associations in the study group. Conclusion: Cytokine levels, their associations, and the patterns of Lactobacillus species dominance are observed to significantly diverge on the basis of M. genitalium and U. urealyticum colonization among non-pregnant pre-menopausal women.

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Impression cytology and meibomian glands in conjunctivochalasis

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/11206721211008789 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212110087

Author(s):

Ersin Muhafiz ◽

Erdinç Bozkurt ◽

Remzi Erten

Keyword(s):

Dropout Rate ◽

Meibomian Gland ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Impression Cytology ◽

Schirmer Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Meibomian Glands ◽

And Control ◽

Margin Cytology

Purpose: To evaluate the tear parameters, meibomian glands and lid margin and tarsal conjunctival impression cytology in patients with conjunctivochalasis (CCH). Methods: The study included 57 patients diagnosed with CCH and 35 healthy volunteers. Tear break-up time (TBUT) was measured and Schirmer test was performed. Meibomian gland morphologies, dropout rates, and meiboscores were evaluated using meibography. Finally, impression cytology samples were taken by pressing the impression filters on the lower lid margin and lower tarsal conjunctiva. The samples were evaluated according to the Nelson grading system. Results: Schirmer test was longer and TBUT was shorter in the study group ( p = 0.035 and p < 0.001, respectively). The median of meibomian gland dropout rate was 33.45% (Interquartile range [IQR]; 23.17%–49.75%) and 18.80% (IQR; 12.35%–26.50%) in the study and control groups, respectively ( p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in terms of lid-margin cytology between the two groups ( p = 0.481). In tarsal conjunctiva cytology, the median value of Nelson grade of the study group was 2 (IQR; 1–2) and that of the control group was 1 (IQR; 1–2) ( p = 0.040). When Nelson grade-2 and above was accepted as the pathological limit, it was found that 27.5% of the study group and 15.2% of the control group showed pathological findings ( p = 0.204). Conclusions: In patients with CCH, damage occurs in the tarsal conjunctiva with the effects of redundant conjunctival folds. In these patients, atrophy occurs in the meibomian glands and tear stability is impaired. Therefore, CCH should not be overlooked in clinical practice.

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Effectiveness of neurobic exercise program on memory and depression among elderly residing at old age home

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2019-0221 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Divya Raj ◽

Subramaniam Santhi ◽

G. J. Sara Sapharina

Keyword(s):

Old Age ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Exercise Program ◽

The Elderly ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Interventional Group ◽

Old Age Homes

AbstractObjectivesThis study finds out the effectiveness of neurobic exercise program on memory and depression among elderly residing in old age homes.MethodsThe non-probability purposive sampling technique was used for sample selection. Wechsler's memory scale (WMS-IV) and Geriatric depression scale (GDS) were the instruments used to assess the memory and depression among elderly during the pretest and posttest, respectively and the researcher had developed data sheet to collect information about the background variables using interview technique.ResultsThe neurobic exercise program was found to be effective in reducing depression among elderly residing in old age homes. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) in the level of depression had been found during the pretest and posttest in the interventional group. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) found between the study group and in the control group. There was significant correlation (r=0.417, p<0.05) found between the memory and depression during the pretest in the study group among the elderly. A statistically significant association (p<0.05) found in the mean scores of depression and marital status of the elderly during the pretest in the study group and there was a significant association (p<0.01) found in the mean scores of depression and the gender of the elderly during the pretest and posttest in the non interventional group were found.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that neurobic exercise program is an effective intervention in improving memory and reducing depression.

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