Dentocraniofacial Morphology of 21 Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Cephalometric Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Corbo ◽  
Thierry Dujardin ◽  
Viviane de Maertelaer ◽  
Chantal Malevez ◽  
Régine Glineur
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Craniofacial Development ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
The Face ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Cephalometric Study

Objective To assess the skeletal and dental craniofacial proportions of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients who were operated upon using the Malek technique, and compare them with a normal group to highlight the effect of surgical correction on craniofacial development during growth. Design Retrospective. Methods The cleft palate was closed using the Malek technique in a single operation at 3 months for 11 patients (complete closure of lip and palate) and in a two-stage operation for 10 patients (soft palate at 3 months, lip and hard palate at 6 months). Comparisons were made with a normal control group. Angular and linear measurements of anterior and posterior dimensions of the upper and lower compartments of the face were measured in the 7th and 12th years. Results and Conclusion No significant differences were observed between the two groups of palate technique repair, although significant differences were observed between craniofacial dimensions of normal versus cleft lip and palate patients. At a skeletal level, the maxilla and mandible were retrusive relative to the cranial base in the cleft lip and palate group. In fact, there was a backward rotation of the palatal plane with repercussions on the maxillo-mandibular complex position. Furthermore, the maxilla was shorter than in normal patients, whereas the mandible was normally shaped. The upper incisors were retroclined and they locked the lower incisors in linguoversion. There was a posterior skeletal deficit of the respiratory compartment, compensated by more marked posterior maxillary alveolar growth. Facial growth in cleft lip and palate patients followed the same pattern, but was delayed compared with normal patients.

Facial Growth in Patients with Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Cephalometric Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiki L. W. M. Heidbüchel ◽  
Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman ◽  
Hans Peter M. Freihofer
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
Cephalometric Study

scholarly journals Timing of Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Ossification in Children and Adolescents with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8889
Author(s):  
Francisco Vale ◽  
Inês Francisco ◽  
António Lucas ◽  
Ana Roseiro ◽  
Francisco Caramelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Time ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complete Fusion ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) can affect the development of the maxilla; which may create a midfacial deficiency as well as an interference of the facial growth pattern and dentofacial esthetics. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the chronological age of complete fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) in cleft lip and palate patients and a control group; using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methods: In this retrospective study; 125 patients were enrolled (cleft lip and palate group (n = 91); control group (n = 34)). Age comparison was made with a chi-square test; and a Kaplan–Meier analysis determined the median time to reach complete fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (p < 0.05). Results: The experimental group showed statistically significant differences in the median time for complete ossification between males and females (p = 0.019). The median time for complete ossification of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis was; for males; 15.0 years in both groups; for females; it was 14.0 years and 13.0 years in the experimental group and in the control group; respectively. Both for males and females; there were no statistically significant differences between experimental and control groups (p = 0.104). Conclusions: The present study showed no differences in the ossification of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis between individuals with and without cleft lip and/or palate.

Facial Growth and Development in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate during the Period of Puberty: Comparison of the Development after Periosteoplasty and after Primary Bone Grafting

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbyněk Šmahel ◽  
Živa Müllerová
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
The Face ◽  
Primary Bone

X-ray cephalometry was used in studies of facial growth and development carried out in 32 males with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. They underwent primary periosteoplasty and were examined at the ages of 10 and 15 years. The results were compared with the development of the face In a longitudinal study of 20 males with the same type of cleft who were operated with a primary bone graft. The series with periosteoplasty showed a more marked proclination of the upper dentoalveolar component with the restoration of a positive overjet, as compared to a persistent anterior crossbite in the males with bone grafts. The lower jaw showed a larger protrusion, while individuals with bone grafts were characterized at the ages of 10 and 15 years by a larger posterior rotation of the mandible. The growth of the maxilla did not differ between series. In both series, there was a marked reduction In the growth of maxillary depth and of upper lip height, while the highest growth rate showed parameters of nasal prominence. An increasing mandibular protrusion and maxillary retrusion resulted in an impairment of sagittal jaw relations and in the flattening of the face, both of which occurred in almost all patients. The rotation of the lower jaw was not correlated with either the convexity of the face, sagittal jaw relations, or an overjet. The independence of developmental changes of selected characteristics at their initial state documented the impossibility of predicting the development of the face on the basis of a single x-ray examination at a given stage of development. Fixed appliances promoted a more marked proclination of upper incisors and the alveolar process than removable appliances, but they exerted no direct action on the other facial parameters studied.

Early Craniofacial Morphology and Growth in Children with Bilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Hermann ◽  
T. A. Darvann ◽  
B. L. Jensen ◽  
E. Dahl ◽  
S. Bolund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Displacement Vector ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway

Purpose Analysis of craniofacial morphology and growth in children with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCCLP), compared with a control group with unilateral incomplete cleft lip (UICL), before any treatment as well as 20 months after lip closure. Material The children were drawn from a group representing all Danish children with cleft born 1976 to 1981. Sixty-four children were included in the study (19 BCCLP and 45 UICL). The ages were 2 and 22 months at examinations 1 and 2, respectively. Method The method of investigation was infant cephalometry in three projections. The craniofacial morphology was analyzed using linear, angular, and area variables. Growth was defined as the displacement vector from the coordinate of the corresponding landmark in the x-ray at examination 1 to its coordinate at examination 2, corrected for x-ray magnification. The growth of an anatomical region in a patient was assessed by investigating the growth pattern formed by a collection of individual growth vectors in that region. Results The BCCLP group differed significantly from the UICL group. The most striking findings in BCCLP were an extremely protruding premaxilla; markedly increased posterior maxillary width; increased width of the nasal cavity; short maxilla with reduced posterior height; short mandible; bimaxillary retrognathia; severe reduction in the size of the pharyngeal airway; and a more vertical facial growth pattern. Conclusion Our findings indicate that a facial type including a wide and posterior short maxilla, short mandible, and bimaxillary retrognathia might be a liability factor that increases the probability of developing cleft lip and palate.

scholarly journals Orofacial Closure Defects: Forty-Five Genes Associated Cleft Lip and Palate

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Ashouri ◽  
Hamidreza Khorramkhorshid ◽  
Asghar Ebadifar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
The Face ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
High Level ◽  
National Databases

Context: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common congenital malformations in the face and neck. Given that the inheritance of this disease is multifactorial and both genetic and environmental factors play crucial roles in its creation, studying these factors may be a step toward reducing the prevalence of the disease in future generations. Method: For this study, we looked through several national and international databases, consisting of Scientific Information Database, IranDoc, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Based on our search method, we found 800 published articles, of which 750 were obtained from the international databases, and the remaining 50 were extracted from the national databases. After data refining, 600 articles with eligible criteria remained for data extraction, and data related to embryological origin, classification and etiology, genes and environmental factors, and complications caused by CLP were collected. Results: The CLP etiology was multifactorial and involved both genetic and environmental risk factors. The primary purpose of this review was to give the reader an overview of studies on multifactorial causes of this congenital disability. The functions of genes are very different, indicating a high level of vulnerability in the cranial and facial growth pathways. Conclusions: These findings have advanced our understanding of genes associated with CLP and genetic polymorphisms involved in orofacial closure defects. The findings can create new clinical and molecular research opportunities.

Folate and the Face: Evaluating the Evidence for the Influence of Folate Genes on Craniofacial Development

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie J. Prescott ◽  
Sue Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Craniofacial Development ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Folate Status ◽  
The Face

Objective: Genetics has been thought to play a crucial role in the etiology of nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (CL/P) for over 60 years, but we are still no closer to finding contributing genes. The main hindrance to the progress of CL/P genetic research is the complex multifactorial nature of the disorder with environmental factors playing a significant, if not equally important role. Thus, CL/P is the likely outcome of several developmental and biochemical events that may be different in different individuals or families. Conclusions: Because of the known advantages of folate therapy during pregnancy and the developmental problems that may occur when diets are folate deficient, recent research has looked toward a possible genetic explanation for susceptibility to low folate status. Several gene variants have been identified which, when combined with an inadequate diet, may impede human development, but it still remains to be seen whether these are a major contributor to CL/P. Here we review some of the current viewpoints and the possible impact of folic acid supplementation on clefting incidence.

scholarly journals Timing of Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Ossification in Children and Adolescents with Cleft Lip and Palate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Vale ◽  
Inês Francisco ◽  
António Lucas ◽  
Ana Roseiro ◽  
Francisco Caramelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Time ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complete Fusion ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Cleft lip and palate can affect the development of the maxilla, which may create a midfacial deficiency as well as an interference of the facial growth pattern and dentofacial esthetics. Objective: Estimate the chronological age of complete fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in cleft lip and/or palate patient&acute;s and a control group, using cone beam computed tomography images. Methods: In this retrospective study, 125 patients were enrolled (cleft lip and/or palate group (n=91); control group (n=34)). Age comparison was made with Chi-square test and a Kaplan-Meyer analysis determined the median time to reach complete fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (p&amp;lt;0.05). Results: The experimental group showed statistically significant differences in the median time for complete ossification between males and females (p=0.019). No statistically significant differences were found in the control group between males and females (p=0.104). The median time for complete ossification of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis was, for males, 15.0 years in both groups; for females, it was 14.0 years in the experimental group and 13.0 years in the control group. Conclusions: The present study showed no differences in the ossification of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis between individuals with and without cleft lip and/or palate.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Child Cleft Face

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Duffy ◽  
J. H. Noar ◽  
R. D. Evans ◽  
R. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Linear Measurement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Face Width ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mouth Width ◽  
And Control

Objective This study examined the facial surfaces of cleft children and unaffected children aged 8–11 years with the aim of identifying and assessing differences in their facial surface morphology. The investigation was carried out using an Optical Surface Scanner, an instrument that utilizes laser light to construct and archive a three-dimensional image of the face suitable for linear measurement and direct surface comparisons. Design, Setting, and Patients Thirty-nine cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients and 25 unaffected subjects were voluntarily recruited from two southeast England hospitals. A range of linear facial measurements was compared. Three-dimensional differences between the cleft subgroups and the control group were visualized by superimposition of averaged cleft scans over the averaged control group images. Results Statistically significant dimensional differences (p ≤ .05) in interocular width, nose base widths, mouth widths, and nose base/mouth width ratios were found between the cleft group and the control group. Qualitative differences over the whole of the face were readily demonstrated between the groups by superimposition. Face width and submandibular area depth differed consistently between the groups, the cleft face appearing narrower with a deeper submandibular area. Conclusion Significant differences exist between the facial surface morphology of CLP patients and control subjects.

A Comparative Cephalometric Study of Nasoalveolar Molding– and Non-Nasoalveolar Molding–Treated Bilateral Cleft Patients at Early Mixed Dentition Period

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulasi Nayak ◽  
Krishnamurthy Bonanthaya ◽  
Renu Parmar ◽  
Pritham N. Shetty ◽  
Dipesh D. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cephalometric Study ◽  
Nasoalveolar Molding

Objective: To evaluate and compare early maxillary growth in 2 groups of patients with repaired bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) who had and had not received nasoalveolar molding (NAM) therapy in infancy. Hypothesis: Nasoalveolar molding does not have any effect on maxillomandibular growth at the early mixed dentition period. Design: Retrospective study. Patients: The study group consisted of forty-two 7-year-old patients with BCLP—20 in the NAM group and 22 in the no-NAM group. The control group consisted of nineteen 7-year-old noncleft, normal patients. Interventions: Nasoalveolar molding was carried out prior to surgeries in those children who were brought in within 8 weeks of birth. Children brought in later were treated without a presurgical intervention. All patients were treated with a single-stage modified Millard cheiloplasty without gingivoperiosteoplasty. Palatoplasty was done by single-stage Bardach palatoplasty with muscle repositioning. Mean Outcome Measures: Hard tissue and dental cephalometric values measured on lateral cephalograms, recorded at 7 years of age. Results: A comparison of the mean sagittal values showed a statistically significant maxillomandibular retrusion and incisor retroclination of both BCLP groups in comparison to the control group. None of the cephalometric parameters varied statistically between NAM and no-NAM groups. The maxillomandibular relation, lower face height ratio, mandibular plane, and mandibular axis angles did not show statistically significant difference between all 3 groups. Conclusions: On the basis of this study, NAM does not have any effect on maxillomandibular growth at the early mixed dentition period.

Growth Study Including Stereophotogrammetry of a Pair of Monozygotic Twins, One Having a Cleft Lip and Palate

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Burke ◽  
C. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Growth Study ◽  
The Face ◽  
Growth Changes

This report is a serial growth study of a pair of monozygotic twin boys, one of whom suffered from a bilateral cleft of the lip and a unilateral cleft of the palate. Annual records for height and weight were registered from seven years eight months to 18 years 0 months. Soft tissue facial growth was also measured annually using short base stereophotogrammetry (Burke, 1967). Growth and development of the dentition was recorded as orthodontic study models at less frequent intervals. Measurements derived from the facial maps allowed not only measurement of soft tissue growth changes in the face, but also of surgical change to both lips related to an Abbe flap procedure carried out for the cleft twin. All changes are compared with those occurring in his monozygotic twin.

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