New Scaphocephaly Severity Indices of Sagittal Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Study with Cranial Index Quantifications

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Ruiz-Correa ◽  
Raymond W. Sze ◽  
Jacqueline R. Starr ◽  
Hen-Tzu J. Lin ◽  
Matthew L. Speltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Base Plane ◽  
Sagittal Synostosis ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Cranial Index

Objective To describe a novel set of scaphocephaly severity indices (SSIs) for predicting and quantifying head- and skull-shape deformity in children diagnosed with isolated sagittal synostosis (ISS) and compare their sensitivity and specificity with those of the traditional cranial index (CI). Methods Computed tomography head scans were obtained from 60 patients diagnosed with ISS and 41 age-matched control patients. Volumetric reformations of the skull and overlying skin were used to trace two-dimensional planes defined in terms of skull-base plane and internal or surface landmarks. For each patient, novel SSIs were computed as the ratio of head width and length as measured on each of these planes. A traditional CI was also calculated and a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was applied to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed indices with those of CI. Results Although the CI is a sensitive measure of scaphocephaly, it is not specific and therefore not a suitable predictor of ISS in many practical applications. The SSI-A provides a specificity of 95% at a sensitivity level of 98%, in contrast with the 68% of CI. On average, the sensitivity and specificity of all proposed indices are superior to those of CI. Conclusions Measurements of cranial width and length derived from planes that are defined in terms of internal or surface landmarks and skull-base plane produce SSIs that outperform traditional CI measurements.

scholarly journals Accuracy and adequacy of waist circumference cut-off points currently recommended in Brazilian adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Avila Vianna ◽  
Rogério da Silva Linhares ◽  
Renata Moraes Bielemann ◽  
Eduardo Coelho Machado ◽  
David Alejandro González-Chica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Receiver Operating

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the adequacy and accuracy of cut-off values currently recommended by the WHO for assessment of cardiovascular risk in southern Brazil.DesignPopulation-based study aimed at determining the predictive ability of waist circumference for cardiovascular risk based on the use of previous medical diagnosis for hypertension, diabetes mellitus and/or dyslipidaemia. Descriptive analysis was used for the adequacy of current cut-off values of waist circumference, receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed and the most accurate criteria according to the Youden index and points of optimal sensitivity and specificity were identified.SettingPelotas, southern Brazil.SubjectsIndividuals (n2112) aged ≥20 years living in the city were selected by multistage sampling, since these individuals did not report the presence of previous myocardial infarction, angina pectoris or stroke.ResultsThe cut-off values currently recommended by WHO were more appropriate in men than women, with overestimation of cardiovascular risk in women. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve showed moderate predictive ability of waist circumference in men (0·74, 95 % CI 0·71, 0·76) and women (0·75, 95 % CI 0·73, 0·77). The method of optimal sensitivity and specificity showed better performance in assessing the accuracy, identifying the values of 95 cm in men and 87 cm in women as the best cut-off values of waist circumference to assess cardiovascular risk.ConclusionsThe cut-off values currently recommended for waist circumference are not suitable for women. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to evaluate the consistency of the findings.

Performance of Serum Glypican 3 in Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 0-10
Author(s):  
Dahai Xu ◽  
Chang Su ◽  
Liang Sun ◽  
Yuanyuan Gao ◽  
Youjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Non Invasive

Introduction and aim. Serum glypican-3 (GPC3) has been explored as a non-invasive biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, controversy remains on its diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and metaanalysis to evaluate the differential diagnostic accuracy of serum GPC3 between HCC and liver cirrhosis (LC) cases. Material and methods. After the strict filtering and screening of studies from NCBI, PUBMED, Clinical Trials, Cochrane library, Embase, Prospero and Web of Science databases, 11 studies were selected. All studies provided the sensitivity and specificity of GPC3 and the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the HCC and LC diagnosis. The sensitivity and specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were determined and compared between GPC3 and AFP, which was set as a positive control. Results. Pooled sensitivity (95% CI) and specificity (95% CI) were 0.55 (0.52-0.58) and 0.58 (0.54-0.61) for GPC3, 0.54 (0.51-0.57) and 0.83 (0.80-0.85) for AFP, and 0.85 (0.81-0.89) and 0.79 (0.73-0.84) for GPC3 + AFP, respectively. The AUCs of GPC3, AFP and GPC3 + AFP were 0.7793, 0.7867 and 0.9366, respectively. GPC3 had a nearly similar sensitivity as AFP, while the specificity and AUC of GPC3 was lower than that of AFP. The combination of GPC3 and AFP yielded a better sensitivity and AUC than GPC3 or AFP. Conclusion. Serum GPC3 is inferior to AFP in the differential diagnosis between HCC and LC. However, the combination of GPC3 and AFP exhibited a much better performance.

scholarly journals Application of an index derived from the area under a neutrophil curve as a predictor of surgical site infection after spinal surgery

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Inose ◽  
Yutaka Kobayashi ◽  
Shingo Morishita ◽  
Yu Matsukura ◽  
Masato Yuasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Neutrophil Percentage

Abstract Background Patients with prolonged and intense neutrophilia after spinal surgery are at high risk of developing surgical site infection (SSI). To date, there is no standard method for the objective assessment of the intensity and duration of neutrophilia. Thus, this retrospective observational study aimed to test a new index (I-index), developed by combining the duration and intensity of neutrophilia, as a predictor of SSI. Methods I-index was calculated based on the postoperative neutrophil percentage. A total of 17 patients with SSI were enrolled as cases, and 51 patients without SSI were selected as controls. The groups were matched at a ratio of 1:3 by age, sex, and surgery type. The differences in the I-index were compared between the groups. Moreover, we checked the cumulative I-index (c-I-index), which we defined as the area under the neutrophil curve from postoperative day 1 until the first clinical manifestation of SSI in each case. Furthermore, a cutoff for SSI was defined using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results The median I-index-7, I-index-14, and c-I-index were significantly higher in the SSI group than those in the control group. For a cutoff point of 42.1 of the I-index-7, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.706 and 0.882, respectively. For a cutoff point of 45.95 of the I-index-14, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.824 and 0.804, respectively. For a cutoff point of 45.95 of the c-I-index, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.824 and 0.804, respectively. Conclusion We devised a new indicator of infection, i.e., the I-Index and c-I-index, and confirmed its usefulness in predicting SSI.

scholarly journals Evaluation on the Diagnostic Efficiency of Different Methods in Detecting COVID-19.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Yang ◽  
Yuzhu Lan ◽  
Xiujuan Yao ◽  
Sheng Lin ◽  
Baosong Xie
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic Curve ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of different methods in detecting COVID-19.Methods: PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases were searched for identifing eligible articles. All data were calculated utilizing Meta Disc 1.4, Revman 5.3.2 and Stata 12. The diagnostic efficiency was assessed via these indicators including summary sensitivity and specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative LR (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), summary receiver operating characteristic curve (sROC) and calculate the AUC. Results: 18 articles (3648 cases) were included. EPlex: pooled sensitivity was 0.94; specificity 1.0; PLR 90.91; NLR 0.07; DOR 1409.49; AUC=0.9979, Q*=0.9840. Panther Fusion: pooled sensitivity was 0.99; specificity 0.98; PLR 42.46; NLR 0.02; DOR 2300.38; AUC=0.9970, Q*=0.9799. Simplexa: pooled sensitivity was 1.0; specificity 0.97; PLR 26.67; NLR 0.01; DOR 3100.93; AUC=0.9970, Q*=0.9800. Cobas®: pooled sensitivity was 0.99; specificity 0.96; PLR 37.82; NLR 0.02; DOR 3754.05; AUC=0.9973, Q*=0.9810. RT-LAMP: pooled sensitivity was 0.98; specificity 0.99; PLR 36.22; NLR 0.04; DOR 751.24; AUC=0.9905, Q*=0.9596. Xpert Xpress: pooled sensitivity was 0.99; specificity 0.97; PLR 27.44; NLR 0.01; DOR 3488.15; AUC=0.9977, Q*=0.9829.Conclusions: These methods (ePlex, Panther Fusion, Simplexa, Cobas®, RT-LAMP and Xpert Xpress) bear higher sensitivity and specificity, and might be efficient methods complement to the gold standard.

Diagnostic studies

2010 ◽  
pp. 339-351
Author(s):  
Janet L. Peacock ◽  
Philip J. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Receiver Operating

Sensitivity and specificity 340 Calculations for sensitivity and specificity 342 Effect of prevalence 344 Likelihood ratio, pre-test odds, post-test odds 346 Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves 348 Links to other statistics 350 In this chapter we describe how statistical methods are used in diagnostic testing to obtain different measures of a test’s performance. We describe how to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values, and show the relevance of pre- and post-test odds and likelihood ratio in evaluating a test in a clinical situation. We also describe the receiver operating characteristic curve and show how this links with logistic regression analysis. All methods are illustrated with examples....

A simple method to estimate the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve with right censored data

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 2264-2278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Li ◽  
Tom Greene ◽  
Bo Hu
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Operating Characteristic Curve ◽  
Receiver Operating

The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve is often used to study the diagnostic accuracy of a single continuous biomarker, measured at baseline, on the onset of a disease condition when the disease onset may occur at different times during the follow-up and hence may be right censored. Due to right censoring, the true disease onset status prior to the pre-specified time horizon may be unknown for some patients, which causes difficulty in calculating the time-dependent sensitivity and specificity. We propose to estimate the time-dependent sensitivity and specificity by weighting the censored data by the conditional probability of disease onset prior to the time horizon given the biomarker, the observed time to event, and the censoring indicator, with the weights calculated nonparametrically through a kernel regression on time to event. With this nonparametric weighting adjustment, we derive a novel, closed-form formula to calculate the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve. We demonstrate through numerical study and theoretical arguments that the proposed method is insensitive to misspecification of the kernel bandwidth, produces unbiased and efficient estimators of time-dependent sensitivity and specificity, the area under the curve, and other estimands from the receiver operating characteristic curve, and outperforms several other published methods currently implemented in R packages.

scholarly journals The Role of Serum Fibrinogen in Predicting Reinfection after DAIR (debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention) Treatment of Periprosthetic Joint Infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dacheng Zhao ◽  
He Jinwen ◽  
Wang Xingwen ◽  
Zhao Xiaobing ◽  
Bin Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Implant Retention

Abstract Background Fibrinogen (FIB) has been used to differentiate periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) from aseptic loosening. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of FIB in predicting postoperative reinfection in patients with debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the patients who were admitted to DAIR from January 2013 to August 2019 for consideration of PJI readmission. Subgroups were divided into subgroups based on whether there was reinfection after DAIR treatment, and the diagnostic value of serum fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) before DAIR treatment was analyzed by receiver operating Characteristic curve (ROC). To evaluate the diagnostic value of FIB in predicting postoperative reinfection in DAIR patients. Results FIB expression was different in acute PJI patients and chronic PJI patients treated with DAIR (4.03 VS 3.08; P < .05, 4.28 VS 3.68; P < .05). In patients with acute PJI treated with DAIR, the sensitivity and specificity of FIB were 81.82% and 83.33%, respectively, significantly higher than CRP (sensitivity, 72.73%; Specificity, 50%; P < .05), while the specificity was higher than ESR (specificity,41.67%; P < .05). In patients with chronic PJI treated with DAIR, the sensitivity and specificity of FIB were 80.00% and 66.66%, respectively, significantly higher than CRP (sensitivity, 53.33%; Specificity, 66.66%; P < .05), ESR (sensitivity was 66.00%; Specificity, 16.66 %; P < .05). Conclusion FIB can predict reinfection after DAIR treatment for acute or chronic PJI. Considering the low success rate of DAIR treatment for chronic PJI, it should be chosen carefully.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Specificity of Spectral Oct in Patients with Early Glaucoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 260-264
Author(s):  
Magdaléna Bočková ◽  
Petr Veselý ◽  
Svatopluk Synek ◽  
Lubomír Hanák ◽  
Pavel Beneš
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Area Under Curve ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Test Statistics ◽  
Early Glaucoma ◽  
Spectral Oct ◽  
Operating Characteristic Curve

The study examines the sensitivity and specificity of spectral OCT in detecting early glaucoma. The aim was to evaluate data obtained by RNFL analysis in 4 observed quadrants and to compare it with the resulting diagnosis of glaucoma neuropathy determined subsequently on the basis of changes in the visual field. This concerns a retrospective study numbering 31 probands who underwent OCT examination at our centre in the period from 2008 to 2017. Test statistics demonstrated sensitivity of OCT examination (specific RNFL analysis) of 63.64% and specificity of 90%. The used ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) test showed an AUC (area under curve) value of 0.734 on a statistically significant level of p = 0.0097. We therefore found that the instrument Spectral OCT SLO, with the aid of RNFL analysis, was effective in determining probands in whom development of glaucoma pathology was subsequently confirmed.

scholarly journals The predictive receiver operating characteristic curve for the joint assessment of the positive and negative predictive values

2008 ◽  
Vol 366 (1874) ◽  
pp. 2313-2333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang-Ying Shiu ◽  
Constantine Gatsonis
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Continuous Test ◽  
Test Outcomes ◽  
Joint Assessment ◽  
Receiver Operating

Binary test outcomes typically result from dichotomizing a continuous test variable, observable or latent. The effect of the threshold for test positivity on test sensitivity and specificity has been studied extensively in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. However, considerably less attention has been given to the study of the effect of the positivity threshold on the predictive value of a test. In this paper we present methods for the joint study of the positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) of diagnostic tests. We define the predictive receiver operating characteristic (PROC) curve that consists of all possible pairs of PPV and NPV as the threshold for test positivity varies. Unlike the simple trade-off between sensitivity and specificity exhibited in the ROC curve, the PROC curve displays what is often a complex interplay between PPV and NPV as the positivity threshold changes. We study the monotonicity and other geometric properties of the PROC curve and propose summary measures for the predictive performance of tests. We also formulate and discuss regression models for the estimation of the effects of covariates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document