Tessier 3 Cleft in a Pre-Hispanic Anthropomorphic Figurine in El Salvador, Central America

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Manuel Aleman ◽  
Maria Guadalupe Martinez
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Classic Period ◽  
Numerical Classification ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Medial Canthus ◽  
Facial Cleft ◽  
Facial Clefts

In 1976, Paul Tessier provided a numerical classification system for rare facial clefts, numbered from 0 to 14. The Tessier 3 cleft is a rare facial cleft extending from the philtrum of the upper lip through the wing of the nostril, and reaches the medial canthus of the eye. The aim of this document was to describe a pre-Hispanic anthropomorphic figurine dating from the classic period (200 A.D.–900 A.D.), which has a Tessier 3 cleft. We also discuss the documented pre-Hispanic beliefs about facial clefts.

scholarly journals The Place of Dentofacial Orthopaedics in the Treatment Planning of Facial Clefts: About Two Clinical Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Intissar El Idrissi ◽  
Fatima Salek ◽  
Youssef Ouedraogo ◽  
Fatima Zaoui ◽  
Abdelali Halimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Therapeutic Management ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Facial Cleft ◽  
Facial Clefts ◽  
Hard Tissues

Facial clefts are considered as predominant malformations of the oro-facial sphere due to their frequency, aesthetic and functional repercussions. The overall prevalence of cleft palates is estimated at 1 per 700 births in the general population, with 77% of isolated cases, 16% associated with another malformative pathology, and 7% associated with a known syndrome. They can disrupt soft tissues (upper lip, nasal threshold, nasal wing, palate veil), hard tissues (alveolar arch, dental germs, palate), or both.They constitute a congenital dysmorphosis for which the therapeutic management extends from birth to the end of adolescence. Orthodontic care has evolved considerably in recent years, mainly due to the synergy of the different specialities involved in the care of these children by the multidisciplinary team.These cleft lips and palates have a multifactorial and complex etiology requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Orthodontic treatment has a strategic place in this treatment and involves temporary, mixed, and permanent dentition.The aim of this article is to review the place of dentofacial orthopaedics in the therapeutic calendar of facial cleft management.

Archeology and Volcanism in Central America: The Zapotitan Valley of El Salvador.

Man ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
John E. Clark ◽  
Payson D. Sheets
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America

The United States and the Rise of General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Grieb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
American Politics ◽  
State Department ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Central American ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
The Military

The militarycoup d'étatwhich installed General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez as President of El Salvador during December 1931 created a crisis involving the 1923 Washington Treaties. By the terms of these accords, the Central American nadons had pledged to withhold recognition from governments seizing power through force in any of the isthmian republics. Although not a signatory of the treaty, the United States based its recognition policy on this principle. Through this means the State Department had attempted to impose some stability in Central America, by discouraging revolts. With the co-operation of the isthmian governments, United States diplomats endeavored to bring pressure to bear on the leaders of any uprising, to deny them the fruits of their victory, and thus reduce the constant series ofcoupsandcounter-coupsthat normally characterized Central American politics.

Ustilago dieteliana. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Tripsacum Dactyloides

Abstract A description is provided for Ustilago dieteliana. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Development of inflorescences is prevented in infected plants. HOSTS: Andropogon semiberbis, Tripsacum dactyloides and T. latifolium (Poaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: Mexico. CENTRAL AMERICA: Cuba, Guatemala, El Salvador. TRANSMISSION: Probably by air-borne teliospores.

scholarly journals Establishment of a new genus for Parastenocaris itica (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from El Salvador, Central America, with discussion of the Parastenocaris fontinalis and P. proserpina groups

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique C. Corgosinho ◽  
Pedro Martínez Arbizu ◽  
Daniel Previattelli
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Distal Margin ◽  
Exopodal Segment ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Distal Edge ◽  
Exopod Segment ◽  
Shape And Size

A new genus of Parastenocarididae is described from the Neotropical region. Iticocaris gen. nov. is established to include Parastenocaris itica Noodt, 1962. Iticocaris gen. nov. is defined by the following characters: 1) male leg 3 with 2-segmented exopod; 2) first exopodal segment short and rectangular; 3) thumb hypertrophic, longer than the second exopodal segment and inserted on the distal edge of exopod segment 1, occupying the whole distal margin; 4) exopod 2 or apophysis strongly sclerotized, articulated with the exopod segment 1 on its inner margin and curved against the thumb, forming a strong forceps; 5) leg 4 endopod without dimorphism in shape and size vs. minor dimorphism in ornamentation; 6) leg 5 with three setae and 7) lack of the anterolateral furcal seta II. The new genus is monotypic, represented by Iticocaris itica (Noodt, 1962) comb. nov., from El Salvador, Central America. A close relationship is hypothesized between I. itica and the genus Brasilibathynellocaris Jakobi, 1972, the males of which both share the forceps-like elongated apophysis.

Education and Research in Astronomy in Central America

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 885-887
Author(s):  
M. C. Pineda De Carias
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Central American ◽  
University Staff ◽  
National University ◽  
San Carlos ◽  
Observational Techniques ◽  
Astronomy And Astrophysics

Recently, important efforts have been made to organize and consolidate the Assembly of Central American Astronomers (AAAC), an organization created to contribute to the development of astronomy and astrophysics in Central America, with the help of international cooperation; the Central American Courses in Astronomy and Astrophysics, have been hosted each year by a different national university in Central America (1995: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras, 1996: Universidad de El Salvador, 1997: Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, and 1998: Universidad de Panama). These courses aimed to provide an exchange of knowledge and experience among university staff and students interested in continuing studies in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Regional Observational Campaigns have been organized to train young astronomers in the use of astronomical equipment and observational techniques. It seems that the broad development of astronomy and astrophysics in Central American as a whole, will be possible only when nuclei of astronomers in each of the countries concerned begin to develop many more activities, countries As part of the III Central American Course on Astronomy and Astrophysics (III-CURCAA, April 1997, Guatemala), in a forum about Education and Research in Astronomy in Central America, several important conclusions were stated. In this paper we present the six most relevant conclusions discussed there.

scholarly journals El Salvador

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (84) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Data Series ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
The City

A Technical Assistance (TA) Mission from the Regional Technical Assistance Center for Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic, visited the city of San Salvador, El Salvador, on August 13–24, 2018, to provide TA to the Central Reserve Bank of El Salvador (BCRES) on compiling annual accounts by institutional sectors (AAIS) from 2014 onwards, as part of the data series from the base year of 2005. In March 2018, the BCRES published a dataset of quarterly and annual national accounts series by economic activity; a monthly volume indicator; backcasted series from 1990–2014; and Supply and Use Tables (SUT) from 2005 and 2014, with a base year of 2005. As part of the dataset to be prepared and disseminated in the new 2005 base year, the authorities requested TA to compile annual accounts focusing on institutional sectors starting in 2014.

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