Patterns of Body and Visceral Growth in Human Prenates with Clefts of the Lip and Palate

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meropi N. Spyropoulos ◽  
Alphonse R. Burdi
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Organ Weights

Objective: To address the hypothesis that human prenates with birth defects such as clefts of the lip and palate show growth patterns in which body size and visceral growth are aberrant for prenatal age. Methods: Body size and organ weight measurements were derived from a cross-sectional population sample of 167 legally donated human embryos that were representative of key periods in visceral organogenesis and growth. Measurements included those of overall body size (i.e., length and weight) and weights of major organs. Data were analyzed for two comparative (age-matched) groups consisting of 120 typical-for-age “control” and 47 specimens showing the three typical cleft types. Organ weight data for the entire cleft group and for each of the three cleft subgroups were compared with those of the control group. Results: Cleft specimens showed crown-rump body sizes that were within one standard deviation of the control group. Among the entire cleft sample, each of the organ weight values was generally consistent with the organ weights observed for the age-matched control group. When organ weights for the cleft group differed from the controls, with one exception, some organs showed either increased or decreased organ weights. One remarkable exception was with lung weights, which were reduced for each of the prenates across the three cleft types. Among the three cleft groups, fetuses with cleft lip and palate showed the highest percentage of organ weight discrepancies (i.e., smaller than expected) as compared with the group with cleft palate, which showed the lowest. Conclusions: Organ weight aberrancies were observable (whether increased or reduced weights), and such aberrancies were not apparent until approximately 24 weeks (fertilization age).

scholarly journals Development of cleft children’s permanent canines

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Itaguacy Leite NOVAIS JUNIOR ◽  
Manuella Santos Carneiro ALMEIDA ◽  
Camila Helena Machado da COSTA ◽  
Tassia Cristina de Almeida Pinto SARMENTO ◽  
Luis Ferreira de SOUSA FILHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluating the development of the permanent cuspids in children from Paraíba with cleft lip and palate applying the Nolla and the Demirjian methods. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an inductive approach and applying a comparative statistical procedure and direct documentation research technique. The universe of the study consisted of children assisted at the orthodontic practice of the Brazilian Association of Dentistry - Paraíba Section. The sample comprised 72 pairs of panoramic radiographs of children with and without cleft lip and palate from the same gender and, age difference of up to 30 days, ranging from 5 to 13 years of age. The study has evaluated the development of 576 cuspids. The images were evaluated by three duly calibrated examiners concomitantly, and the calcification stages were determined by a consensus. The stages of the cuspids calcification were evaluated in the panoramic radiographs according to Nolla and Demirjian classifications. Results: The average of the calcification stage of teeth was correspondingly higher in the control group than in the case group, showing a development delay of the cuspid teeth in the cleft lip and palate patients. The lower cuspids were significantly more developed than the upper cuspids (p <0.001). There were no significant differences between the sides. There was early tooth development in females but without significant difference. Conclusion: It was possible to note that patients with cleft lip and palate presented a delay in the development of the permanent cuspids when compared to non-cleft lip and palate patients, thus, reinforcing the importance of the individualization of the orthodontic planning.

Tomographic Pharyngeal Dimensions in Individuals with Unilateral Cleft Lip/Palate and Class III Malocclusion are Reduced When Compared with Controls

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trindade-Suedam Ivy Kiemle ◽  
Freire Lima Thiago ◽  
Dominguez Campos Letícia ◽  
Faria Yaedú Renato Yassutaka ◽  
Filho Hugo Nary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Craniofacial Anomalies ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cleft Lip Palate

Objective The objective of this study was to three-dimensionally evaluate the pharyngeal dimensions of individuals with complete nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) using cone beam computed tomography. Design This was a cross-sectional prospective study. Setting The study took place at the Laboratory of Physiology, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil. Patients and Participants The control group (CON) consisted of 23 noncleft adults with class III malocclusion, and the cleft group (UCLP) consisted of 22 individuals with UCLP and class III malocclusion. Two subgroups of individuals with class III malocclusion as a result of maxillary retrusion with (UCLP'; n = 19) and without (CON'; n = 8) clefts were also assessed. Interventions Pharyngeal volume, pharyngeal minimal cross-sectional area (CSA), location of CSA, pharyngeal length, sella-nasion-A point angle (SNA), sella-nasion-B point angle (SNB), and A point-nasion-B point angle (ANB), and body mass index were assessed using Dolphin software. Main Outcome Measure The pharyngeal dimensions of UCLP individuals are smaller when compared with controls. Results Mean pharyngeal volume (standard deviation) for the UCLP patients (20.8 [3.9] cm3) and the UCLP’ patients (20.3 [3.9] cm3) were significantly decreased when compared with the CON (28.2 [10.0] cm3) and CON’ patients (29.1 [10.2] cm3), respectively. No differences were found in the pharyngeal minimal CSA, ANB, or pharyngeal length values between groups (CON versus UCLP and CON’ versus UCLP'). CSAs were located mostly at the oropharynx, except in the UCLP’ patients, which were mainly at the hypopharynx. Mean SNA in the UCLP (76.4° [4.6°]) and UCLP’ groups (75.1 [3.1°]) were significantly smaller than those in the CON (82.8° [4.1°]) and CON’ groups (78.6° [1.2°]). SNB values were statistically smaller only for the comparison of CON versus UCLP patients. Conclusion The pharynx of individuals with UCLP and class III malocclusion is volumetrically smaller than that of individuals with class III malocclusion and no clefts.

Nasal Airflow Patterns during the Velopharyngeal Closing Phase in Speech in Children with and without Cleft Palate

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Dotevall ◽  
Hasse Ejnell ◽  
Björn Bake
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives: (1) To study the nasal airflow patterns during the velopharyngeal closing phase in speech produced by children with and without cleft palate. (2) To compare the nasal airflow patterns in bilabial, dental, and velar articulation in these children. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study of a consecutive series of children with cleft palate referred for routine speech evaluation and controls. Setting: Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. Participants: Seventeen children with cleft lip and palate or cleft palate only and 22 controls aged 7 and 10 years. Method: Nasal airflow was transduced with a pneumotachograph attached to a nose mask and registered together with the acoustic speech signal. Sentences containing nasal-to-stop combinations in bilabial, dental, and velar articulatory positions were used. Main Outcomes Measures: The duration from peak to 5% nasal airflow, the maximum flow declination rate, and the nasal airflow at selected points in time during the transition from nasal-to-stop consonants. Results: In the cleft palate group, duration from peak to 5% nasal airflow was clearly longer than among the controls (p < .0001). The declination of airflow was slower (p < .006) and the rate of nasal airflow at the release of the stop consonant was higher (p < .004) in the cleft palate group. Differences between bilabial versus dental and velar articulation were found in the control group. Conclusion: Studies of the temporal and dynamic characteristics of the nasal airflow variations during speech appear potentially useful for the assessment of velopharyngeal function.

3D Assessment of Nasolabial Appearance in Patients With Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieva Bagante ◽  
Inta Zepa ◽  
Ilze Akota
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Difference

Objective: Rhinoplasty in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) is challenging, and the surgical outcome of the nose is complicated to evaluate. The aim of this study was to assess the nasolabial appearance of patients with UCLP compared with a control group. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Riga Cleft Lip and Palate Centre, Latvia. Participants: All consecutive 35 patients born between 1994 and 2004 with nonsyndromic complete UCLP were included. Of 35 patients, 29 came for checkup; the mean age was 14.7 years (range 10-18). In the control group, 35 noncleft participants at 10 years of age were included. Interventions: Nasolabial appearance was evaluated from 3-dimensional images using a 3-dimensional stereo-photogrammetric camera setup (3dMDface System), the results being analysed statistically. Results: In UCLP group, a statistically significant difference between cleft and noncleft side was found only in alar wing length ( P < .05). The difference of nasolabial anthropometric distances in the control group between the left and right side was not significant. The difference between the UCLP group and the control group was significant in all anthropometric distances except the lateral lip length to cupid’s bow. Conclusions: The nasolabial appearance with acceptable symmetry after cleft lip and reconstructive surgery of the nose was achieved. Symmetry of the nasolabial appearance in patients with UCLP differed from those in the control group. The 3D photographs with a proposed set of anthropometric landmarks for evaluation of nasolabial appearance seems to be a convenient, accurate, and noninvasive way to follow and evaluate patients after surgery.

Dental Age Estimation According to European Formula and Willems Method: Comparison Between Children With and Without Cleft Lip and Palate

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 612-618
Author(s):  
Evgenija Markovic ◽  
Nemanja Marinkovic ◽  
Ksenija Zelic ◽  
Petar Milovanovic ◽  
Marija Djuric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Dental Age Estimation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Willems Method

Objective: To assess dental age and deviations of dental from chronological age according to the Willems and Cameriere methods (European formula) in patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) and compare it with control group. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting: Clinic of Orthodontics. Participants: Sixty-nine patients with CL/P between 6 and 15 years of age (55 with unilateral and 14 with bilateral CL/P) with 148 panoramic radiographs. The same number of radiographs was examined in the age-matched control group. Main Outcome Measures: Estimation and comparison of dental age and differences of dental from chronological age in relation to the type of cleft, sex, and age in the group of patients with and without CL/P according to Willems and Cameriere method. Results: No significant intersex and intergroup differences were found in deviations of dental from chronological age according to Cameriere method ( P > .05). Significant difference in deviation of dental from chronological age was found between the patients with and without CL/P according to Willems method ( P < .001). Conclusion: Cameriere European formula for dental age estimation, which is not influenced by sex and tooth morphology, showed similar dental development of children with and without CL/P. However, Willems method detected that deviation of dental from chronological age significantly differed between children with and without clefts.

Are Dental Maturation, Skeletal Maturation, and Chronological Age Associated With Complete Cleft Lip and Palate?

2020 ◽  
pp. 105566562094477
Author(s):  
Taner Ozturk ◽  
Husniye Gumus ◽  
Gulce Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Maturation ◽  
Development Levels

Objective: The relationship between dental and skeletal development levels was determined in individuals with cleft lip and palate and a control group comprising individuals without cleft lip and palate. Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Setting: A university clinic specializing in orthodontic and pedodontic care. Patients: A total of 198 patients with cleft lip and palate (99 females, 11.66 ± 2.36 years; 99 males, 12.44 ± 2.33 years) and 198 patients without cleft lip and palate (99 females, 11.88 ± 2.26 years; 99 males, 12.99 ± 2.25 years). Interventions: None. Main Outcome Measures: The Demirjian method and cervical vertebra maturation method were used to evaluate panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs, respectively. The Fishman maturation predictors were determined from hand-wrist radiographs. Results: Statistically significant correlations were found between the chronological age and the dental age in both the groups ( P < .05). Significant correlations between skeletal maturation indicators and dental maturation indicators were observed in both groups and sexes ( P < .05), with a stronger correlation among teeth with incomplete dental maturation. Dental age was found to be significantly lower (female, P = .001; male, P = .001) in individuals with cleft lip and palate (female, 11.71 ± 2.58 years; male, 12.51 ± 2.62 years) compared to those in the control group (female, 12.95 ± 2.47 years; male, 13.64 ± 2.37 years). Conclusions: A high correlation between the results of the evaluated radiographic methods and chronological age supports their use for accurate age estimation in the patients with cleft lip and palate.

Craniofacial Morphology of Dutch Patients with Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate and Noncleft Controls at the Age of 15 Years

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geer M. van den Dungen ◽  
Edwin M. Ongkosuwito ◽  
Irene H. A. Aartman ◽  
Birte Prahl-Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip

Objective: Comparison of craniofacial morphology in bilateral cleft lip and palate patients to that of a noncleft control group at the age of 15 years. Design: A cross-sectional study of cephalometric data. Subjects and Methods: Cephalometric records of 41 consecutive patients (32 boys and 9 girls) with nonsyndromic complete bilateral cleft lip and palate born between 1973 and 1987. The patients were treated by the cleft teams of the Erasmus Medical Centre in Rotterdam and the VU University Amsterdam. The control group of normal Dutch subjects was followed in the Nijmegen Growth Study. From this population, mean cephalometric data were used. Differences in cephalometric measurements and other variables were calculated between the bilateral cleft lip and palate group and the control group. Results: Independent-sample t tests indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean of the cephalometric values of the bilateral cleft lip and palate patients and the control group with respect to all cephalometric variables. Pearson correlation coefficients calculated between angle ANB and the number of operators, number of surgical procedures before 15 years of age, and the year of birth were not significant. Conclusions: Bilateral cleft lip and palate patients treated in the Amsterdam and Rotterdam cleft centers differed significantly from the control group in all measurements. A Class III development due to a less forward positioned maxilla was observed. The vertical measurements indicated a more divergent growth pattern in bilateral cleft lip and palate patients (Ans-Me/N-Me, GoGn-SN, and SN-FFH).

Oral Habits in Children With Orofacial Clefts: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 105566562096957
Author(s):  
Ikenna Gerald Isiekwe ◽  
Taofeek Olalekan Ligali ◽  
Mohammed Adam Sheikh Abdullahi ◽  
Wasiu Lanre Adeyemo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Habits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Aim: Children with cleft lip and palate present with a wide range of dental and occlusal anomalies as a result of the cleft defect. These patients also present with oral habits which may affect their quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of oral habits in these children, with children without orofacial clefts. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional comparative study comparing children with repaired cleft lip and/or palate aged 3 to 12 years, with children without orofacial clefts. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the institutional review boards of both centers. Data collection was via interviewer administered questionnaires given to the parents/guardians of the children in each group. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23. The level of significance was set at P < .05. Results: A total of 107 respondents participated in the study, comprising 53 children with repaired cleft lip and/or palate 54 children without orofacial clefts. The mean age for the children with Cleft lip and/or palate/ was 6.81 (standard deviation [SD] 1.898) years, while that for the control group was 7.78 (SD 1.68) years. Two oral habits recorded a significantly higher prevalence ( P < .05) in the children with repaired clefts as compared to controls and these were lip sucking and bruxism. No significant difference in prevalence was recorded for all the other oral habits surveyed. Conclusion: A significantly higher prevalence ( P < .05) was observed in lip sucking and bruxism among children with cleft lip and palate, as compared to the children without orofacial clefts.

Comparison of Transverse Craniofacial Dimensions Between Growing Individuals With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate and Age-and Sex-Matched Noncleft Controls

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1308-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hande Gorucu-Coskuner ◽  
Ezgi Atik ◽  
Bengisu Akarsu-Guven ◽  
Muge Aksu
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Mandibular Molar ◽  
Maxillary Molar ◽  
Width Measurements ◽  
Age And Sex

Objective: The study aimed to assess the transverse craniofacial dimensions of patients (age, 7-14 years) with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), compare these dimensions with those of noncleft individuals, and identify the correlations between the nasal and maxillary transverse widths of patients with UCLP. Design: A cross-sectional study. Participants: Eighty patients operated on for complete UCLP (UCLP group; 35 girls, 45 boys; median age: 10.7 [7.9-14] years) and 80 age- and sex-matched noncleft individuals (control group; 35 girls, 45 boys; median age: 10.7 [7.3-14] years). Interventions: Interorbital, bizygomatic, nasal, maxillary skeletal, maxillary molar, mandibular molar, and antegonial width measurements were performed using posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs. Intergroup comparisons were conducted by using the independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Correlation between the variables was examined using Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The bizygomatic, maxillary skeletal and molar, mandibular molar, and antegonial widths in the UCLP group were significantly less than those in the control group ( P < .05). A positive correlation was found between the maxillary skeletal and nasal widths ( r = 0.550, P < .001) and between the maxillary molar and nasal widths ( r = 0.560, P < .001). Conclusions: In individuals with UCLP, the bizygomatic, maxillary skeletal and molar, mandibular molar, and antegonial widths were significantly less than those in noncleft individuals. As the maxillary skeletal and dental widths presented a positive correlation with the nasal width, a decrease in nasal width must be considered when maxillary constriction is noted.

Voice Quality in Adults Treated for Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1103-1114
Author(s):  
Staffan Morén ◽  
Per Åke Lindestad ◽  
Mats Holmström ◽  
Maria Mani
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to assess voice quality among adults treated for unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), after one- or two-stage palate closure, and compare it to a noncleft control group. Study Design: Cross-sectional study of patients with UCLP with long-term follow-up and noncleft controls. Participants: Patients with UCLP born between 1960 and 1987, treated at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, were examined (n = 73) at a mean of 35 years after primary surgery. Forty-seven (64%) patients had been treated with 1-stage palate closure and 26 with 2-stage closure (36%). The noncleft control group consisted of 63 age-matched volunteers. Main Outcome Measures: Ratings of perceptual voice characteristics from blinded voice recordings with Swedish Voice Evaluation Approach method. Acoustic voice analysis including pitch and spectral measures. Results: Among the patients, the mean values for the 12 evaluated variables on a visual analog scale (0 = no abnormality, 100 = maximal abnormality) ranged between 0.1 and 17, and the mean for all was 6 mm. Voice variables were similar between patients and controls, except the total mean of all the perceptual voice variables, as well as “vocal fry”; both slightly lower among patients ( P = .018 and P = .009). There was no difference in any variable between patients treated with 1-stage and 2-stage palate closure. No clear relationship was found between velopharyngeal insufficiency and dysphonia. Conclusions: The voice characteristics among adults treated for UCLP in childhood are not different from those of individuals without cleft.

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