Phylogeny of the Elaeodendron Group (Celastraceae) Inferred from Morphological Characters and Nuclear and Plastid Genes

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa B. Islam ◽  
Mark P. Simmons ◽  
Robert H. Archer
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Simultaneous Analysis ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Natural Group ◽  
26S Rdna ◽  
Nuclear Its

The phylogeny of the Elaeodendron group was inferred in a simultaneous analysis of morphological characters together with nuclear (ITS and 26S rDNA) and plastid (matK, trnL-F region) genes. The circumscription of genera in this group has long been controversial, particularly with respect to Cassine and Elaeodendron. Cassine, narrowly defined so as to include three species native to southern Africa, was unambiguously supported as distinct from Elaeodendron. The widely distributed genus Elaeodendron was supported as a natural group, sister to Pleurostylia. Brexia, which has been variously assigned to the Escalloniaceae, Brexiaceae, and Grossulariaceae, was unambiguously supported as the sister group to the clade of Elaeodendron and Pleurostylia. Preliminary species sampling supported Empleuridium, which had been classified within the Rutaceae, as closely related to Mystroxylon, Pseudosalacia, and Robsonodendron. Allocassine and Lauridia were resolved as closely related to one another, supporting their previously inferred relationship. Maurocenia and Cassine were supported as closely related to one another, with evidence for Maurocenia being nested within Cassine. Lydenburgia abbottii was resolved as closely related to Lydenburgia cassinoides, supporting its transfer from Catha. Three new combinations are made: Elaeodendron bupleuroides (Guillaumin) R.H. Archer, Elaeodendron parvifolium R.H. Archer, and Elaeodendron pininsulare Hürl. subsp. poyaense (I.H. Müller) R.H. Archer.

Phylogeny of the semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha)

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Damgaard
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Simultaneous Analysis ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Individual Character ◽  
Aquatic Bugs

AbstractThe phylogeny of semi-aquatic bugs (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) was tested in parsimony analyses of 64 morphological characters and approximately 2.5 kb of DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial genes encoding COI+II and 16SrRNA and the nuclear gene encoding 28SrRNA. The taxon sample included representatives of all families and most subfamilies of Gerromorpha and a selection of outgroup taxa representing the two basal infraorders of Heteroptera, Enicocephalomorpha and Dipsocoromorpha, and two families of Nepomorpha. A simultaneous analysis (SA) of all data, and with gaps scored as fifth state characters, gave a single most parsimonious tree with all families resolved as monophyletic, except the Veliidae, where Microveliinae + Haloveliinae, Veliinae, Rhagoveliinae, Perittopinae, and Ocelloveliinae were resolved as successive sister groups to the Gerridae, thus confirming earlier statements about paraphyly of this family. The Gerridae + Veliidae clade was strongly supported, but otherwise only the Gerridae + Veliidae less Ocelloveliinae and the Gerridae itself had support. These three clades could all be diagnosed on apomorphic morphological characters, although no characters diagnosing the Gerridae were without convergences or present in all included taxa. While the Ocelloveliinae, Veliinae and Haloveliinae could not be diagnosed on convincing apomorphies, the Microveliinae + Haloveliinae, and their sister group relationship with the Gerridae, could be diagnosed on rather strong morphological synapomorphies, suggesting that Gerridae could be expanded to include these two veliid subfamilies, while Ocelloveliinae, and perhaps the remaining veliid subfamilies, could be elevated to new families. In Gerridae, the Ptilomerinae + Halobatinae was sister group to all other subfamilies, while the Rhagadotarsinae + Trepobatinae was sister group to a clade comprising the Gerrinae, Eotrechinae, Cylindrostethinae and Charmatometrinae. Most relationships in this clade were poorly supported and diagnosed, and Cylindrostethinae was surprisingly found to be paraphyletic. The sister group to the Gerridae + Veliidae clade was a strongly supported clade comprising the Paraphrynoveliidae and Macroveliidae, and this, and the lack of convincing synapomorphies for Paraphrynoveliidae, suggest that these two small families could be synonymized. For the basal relationships of Gerromorpha, the Mesoveliidae was strongly supported sister group to all other families, while the Hebridae, Hermatobatidae and Hydrometridae formed a poorly supported and poorly diagnosed sister group to the Gerridae + Veliidae + Paraphrynoveliidae + Macroveliidae clade. The unexpected sister group relationship between Hermatobatidae and Hydrometridae was moderately supported, and could be diagnosed on two synapomorphies, thus giving a new hypothesis about the relationships of these very divergent families. Phylogenetic analyses of individual character partitions gave less resolved and less supported relationships, and the mitochondrial genes COI+II and 16SrRNA contributed negative hidden partitioned Bremer support (HPBS) to the simultaneous analysis tree, probably due to homoplasy caused by saturation effects.

The bee genera Haplomelitta and Samba (Hymenoptera:Anthophila:Melittidae): phylogeny, biogeography and host plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Michez ◽  
Connal Eardley ◽  
Michael Kuhlmann ◽  
Kim Timmermann ◽  
Sébastien Patiny
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Phylogenetic Data ◽  
Taxonomic Decision ◽  
Eastern And Southern Africa

Recent molecular phylogenetic data showed the Melittidae as the likely sister group to all other bees and indicated that proto-melittids could have been host-plant specialists originating in Africa. However, robust phylogenetic data at generic and species level are now needed for all melittid clades to test these hypotheses and investigate early melittid and bee evolution in general. The bee genera Haplomelitta and Samba, which comprise the former tribe Sambini (Hymenoptera : Melittidae), are revised here. The genera are endemic to the Afrotropical region, occurring in eastern and southern Africa. Previous studies hypothesised that Samba rendered Haplomelitta paraphyletic but a conclusive taxonomic decision was not proposed. By performing a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis based on five nuclear genes (28S, CAD, EF-1α (F2 copy), long-wavelength rhodopsin (opsin) and RNA polymerase II (RNAp); total 4179 bp) and morphological characters (34 characters), we here synonymise Haplomelitta with Samba. The genus is now subdivided into six subgenera containing 10 species, four of which are here described as new, namely: S. ascheri, S. gessorum, S. spinosa and S. rubigoinis. Moreover, we also considered biogeography, phenology and floral visitation data. Samba seems to have originated in southern Africa and later colonised eastern Africa. The ancestral host-plant foraging strategy was probably specialisation on one plant family (e.g. oligolectism). This result supports the hypothesis that the ancestor of bees arose in Africa and was a host-plant specialist.

Diversification of the North American Doellingeria-Eucephalus Clade (Astereae: Asteraceae) Inferred from Molecular and Morphological Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 930-942
Author(s):  
Geraldine A. Allen ◽  
Luc Brouillet ◽  
John C. Semple ◽  
Heidi J. Guest ◽  
Robert Underhill
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
South American ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
The North ◽  
Hybridization Event ◽  
Ancient Hybridization

Abstract—Doellingeria and Eucephalus form the earliest-diverging clade of the North American Astereae lineage. Phylogenetic analyses of both nuclear and plastid sequence data show that the Doellingeria-Eucephalus clade consists of two main subclades that differ from current circumscriptions of the two genera. Doellingeria is the sister group to E. elegans, and the Doellingeria + E. elegans subclade in turn is sister to the subclade containing all remaining species of Eucephalus. In the plastid phylogeny, the two subclades are deeply divergent, a pattern that is consistent with an ancient hybridization event involving ancestral species of the Doellingeria-Eucephalus clade and an ancestral taxon of a related North American or South American group. Divergence of the two Doellingeria-Eucephalus subclades may have occurred in association with northward migration from South American ancestors. We combine these two genera under the older of the two names, Doellingeria, and propose 12 new combinations (10 species and two varieties) for all species of Eucephalus.

Comparative Analysis of Genetic and Morphological Variation within the Platanthera hyperborea Complex (Orchidaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-778
Author(s):  
Eranga Wettewa ◽  
Nick Bailey ◽  
Lisa E. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Founding Population ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Cryptic Taxa

Abstract—Species complexes present considerable problems for a working taxonomy due to the presence of intraspecific variation, hybridization, polyploidy, and phenotypic plasticity. Understanding evolutionary patterns using molecular markers can allow for a more thorough assessment of evolutionary lineages than traditional morphological markers. In this study, we evaluated genetic diversity and phylogenetic patterns among taxa of the Platanthera hyperborea (Orchidaceae) complex, which includes diploid (Platanthera aquilonis) and polyploid (Platanthera hyperborea, P. huronensis, and P. convallariifolia) taxa spanning North America, Greenland, Iceland, and Asia. We found that three floral morphological characters overlap among the polyploid taxa, but the diploid species has smaller flowers. DNA sequence variation in a plastid (rpL16 intron) and a nuclear (ITS) marker indicated that at least three diploid species have contributed to the genomes of the polyploid taxa, suggesting all are of allopolyploid origin. Platanthera convallariifolia is most like P. dilatata and P. stricta, whereas P. huronensis and P. hyperborea appear to have originated from crosses of P. dilatata and P. aquilonis. Platanthera huronensis, which is found across North America, has multiple origins and reciprocal maternal parentage from the diploid species. By contrast, P. hyperborea, restricted to Greenland and Iceland, appears to have originated from a small founding population of hybrids in which P. dilatata was the maternal parent. Geographic structure was found among polyploid forms in North America. The area of Manitoba, Canada appears to be a contact zone among geographically diverse forms from eastern and western North America. Given the geographic and genetic variation found, we recommend continued recognition of four green-flowered species within this complex, but caution that there may be additional cryptic taxa within North America.

New combinations in Struthiopteris spicant for the European flora

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 302 (2) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAWEL WASOWICZ ◽  
JOSE MARIA GABRIEL Y GALAN ◽  
RUBEN PINO PEREZ
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Phylogenetic Relation ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Long Time

Delimitation of genera in Blechnaceae Newman (1844: 8), a subcosmopolitan fern family with ca. 250 species, has remained uncertain for a long time. During the last decade, evidence has been accumulating about the polyphyletism within Blechnum Linnaeus (1753: 1077) (e.g. Shepherd et al. 2007, Rothfels et al. 2012, Gabriel y Galán et al. 2013, Perrie et al. 2014). Recent molecular studies (Gasper et al. 2016a) lead to an updated classification attempting to put morphological characters into a natural, phylogenetic relation (Gasper et al. 2016b). Because of these changes, the species most people associate with the genus Blechnum, B. spicant (Linnaeus 1753: 1066) Roth (1794: 56), is now treated under Struthiopteris Scopoli (1754: 25).

Revised circumscription of Nothofagus and recognition of the segregate genera Fuscospora, Lophozonia, and Trisyngyne (Nothofagaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER B. HEENAN ◽  
ROB D. SMISSEN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Dna Sequence Data

The generic taxonomy of the Nothofagaceae is revised. We present a new phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters and map these characters onto a recently published phylogenetic tree obtained from DNA sequence data. Results of these and previous analyses strongly support the monophyly of four clades of Nothofagaceae that are currently treated as subgenera of Nothofagus. The four clades of Nothofagaceae are robust and well-supported, with deep stem divergences, have evolutionary equivalence with other genera of Fagales, and can be circumscribed with morphological characters. We argue that these morphological and molecular differences are sufficient for the four clades of Nothofagaceae to be recognised at the primary rank of genus, and that this classification will be more informative and efficient than the currently circumscribed Nothofagus with four subgenera.        Nothofagus is recircumscribed to include five species from southern South America, Lophozonia and Trisyngyne are reinstated, and the new genus Fuscospora is described. Fuscospora and Lophozonia, with six and seven species respectively, occur in New Zealand, southern South America and Australia. Trisyngyne comprises 25 species from New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. New combinations are provided where necessary in each of these genera.

A revision of Rhaponticoides (Asteraceae, Cardueae–Centaureinae) from Iran

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 213 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazem Negaresh ◽  
SAYED MOHAMMAD REZA KHOSHROO ◽  
ROYA KARAMIAN ◽  
MOHAMMAD REZA JOHARCHI
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Full Description ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
Herbarium Collections ◽  
First Time

A taxonomic review of Rhaponticoides in Iran is based on morphological characters of the specimens from the authors’ expeditions and other herbarium collections. Rhaponticoides lachnopus, R. schmidii, R. sect. Iranicae and R. sect. Ruthenicae are proposed as new combinations. Full description for the genus Rhaponticoides and R. sect. Iranicae and R. sect. Ruthenicae are presented for the first time here. Three names, R. lachnopus, R. ruthenica and its synonym, are typified. A synopsis with recognized sections and species, relevant synonyms, type citations, lists of specimens examined and an identification key are provided for the genus Rhaponticoides in Iran. In addition, some notes about ecology and habitat of Rhaponticoides especially in Iran are given. Finally, the geographical distribution of all the 4 species recognized in Iran is presented and mapped.

Sinalliaria, a new genus of Brassicaceae from eastern China, based on morphological and molecular data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Ying Zhou ◽  
HONG-WEI ZHANG ◽  
JIANG-QIN HU ◽  
Xiao-Feng Jin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Seed Testa

Sinalliaria is described here as a new genus of the family Brassicaceae from eastern China, based on the morphological characters and molecular sequences. Sinalliaria differs from the related genus Orychophragmus in having basal leaves petiolate, simple or rarely with 1‒3 lateral lobes (not pinnatisect); cauline leaves petiolate, cordate at base (not sessile, auriculate or amplexicaul at base); petals obovate to narrowly obovate, claw inconspicuous (not broadly obovate, with a claw as along as sepal); siliques truncate (not long-beaked) at apex. The microscopic characters of seed testa also show significant differences between Sinalliaria and Orychophragmus. Phylogenetic evidence from DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid region trnL-trnF indicates that Sinalliaria is a distinct group related to Orychophragmus and Raphanus, but these three genera do not form a clade. The new genus Sinalliaria is endemic to eastern China and has only one species and one variety. The new combinations, S. limprichtiana (Pax) X. F. Jin, Y. Y. Zhou & H. W. Zhang and S. limprichtiana var. grandifolia (Z. X. An) X. F. Jin, Y. Y. Zhou & H. W. Zhang are proposed here.

Corrigendum to: Cladistic analysis and revision of Piestus Gravenhorst with remarks on related genera (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae : Piestinae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Edilson Caron ◽  
Cibele S. Ribeiro-Costa ◽  
Alfred F. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Neotropical Forests ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Branch Support

Rove beetles of the genus Piestus Gravenhorst, 1806 are commonly captured under the bark of or inside decaying logs from Neotropical forests. Piestus belongs to the subfamily Piestinae, historically an ill-defined dumping-ground for Staphylinidae defined by plesiomorphic characters, but which has gradually been restricted in concept and currently includes only six additional extant genera worldwide. Piestinae in this restricted sense has been considered a probably monophyletic subfamily, but its status and phylogenetic position, as a possible sister-group of Osoriinae within the recently proposed Oxyteline group of staphylinid subfamilies, are uncertain and need confirmation. The main aim of the present study was to provide a morphological cladistic analysis and complete taxonomic revision of Piestus, which, as the type and most speciose genus of Piestinae, is critical for future phylogenetic studies involving the subfamily. In our study, the monophyly of Piestus is established and phylogenetic relationships among its species are proposed based on 70 adult morphological characters. Piestus is supported by 11 synapomorphies and high branch support. All species of Piestus are revised and the genus is redefined. The genus contains 43 species, including 13 species described here for the first time. The previously proposed subgenera Antropiestus Bernhauer, 1917, Eccoptopiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952, Elytropiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952, Lissopiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952, Piestus s. str., Trachypiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952 and Zirophorus Dalman, 1821 have not been confirmed, as they were found to be poly- or paraphyletic, or are here removed from Piestus, and therefore subgenera are not used. The main taxonomic changes are as follows. Lissopiestus, syn. nov. is proposed as new synonym of Eleusis Laporte, 1835 and its species, E. interrupta (Erichson, 1840), comb. rest., is transferred again to that genus. Antropiestus, syn. nov. and Eccoptopiestus, syn. nov. are proposed as new synonyms of Hypotelus Erichson, 1839 and their species, H. laevis (Solsky, 1872), comb. nov. and H. andinus (Bernhauer, 1917), comb. nov., are transferred to Hypotelus. Fourteen new synonymies are proposed (valid species listed first): P. lacordairei Laporte, 1835 = Z. furcatus Sharp, 1887, syn. nov.; P. capricornis Laporte, 1835 = P. frontalis Sharp, 1876, syn. nov.; P. pennicornis Fauvel, 1864 = P. plagiatus Fauvel, 1864, syn. nov.; P. rectus Sharp, 1876, syn. nov.; P. pygialis Fauvel, 1902, syn. nov.; P. surinamensis Bernhauer, 1928, syn. nov.; P. minutus Erichson, 1840 = P. nigrator Fauvel, 1902, syn. nov.; P. sulcatus Gravenhorst, 1806 = P. sanctaecatharinae Bernhauer, 1906, syn. nov.; P. condei Wendeler, 1955, syn. nov.; P. gounellei Fauvel, 1902 = P. wasmanni Fauvel, 1902, syn. nov.; P. mexicanus Laporte, 1835 = P. alternans Sharp, 1887, syn. nov.; P. aper Sharp, 1876 = P. schadei Scheerpeltz, 1952, syn. nov.; P. angularis Fauvel, 1864 = P. crassicornis Sharp, 1887, syn. nov.; H. andinus (Bernhauer, 1917) = P. strigipennis Bernhauer, 1921, syn. nov. One species is revalidated: P. fronticornis (Dalman, 1821), stat. rev., and one synonym is restored: P. penicillatus (Dalman, 1821) = P. erythropus Erichson, 1840, syn. rest. Neotypes are designated for P. lacordairei Laporte, 1835 and Oxytelus bicornis Olivier, 1811, and lectotypes are designated for P. puncticollis Fauvel, 1902, P. capricornis variety muticus Fauvel, 1902, P. zischkai Scheerpeltz, 1951, P. pennicornis Fauvel, 1864, P. plagiatus Fauvel, 1864, P. pygmaeus Laporte, 1835, P. niger Fauvel 1864, P. minutus Erichson, 1840, P. nigratror Fauvel, 1902, P. sulcatus Gravenhorst, 1806, P. sanctaecatharinae Bernhauer, 1906, P. sulcipennis Scheerpeltz, 1952, P. aper Sharp, 1876, P. schadei Scheerpeltz, 1952 and P. andinus Bernhauer, 1917.

scholarly journals Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Labriocimbex sinicus, a new genus and new species of Cimbicidae (Hymenoptera) from China

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Yan ◽  
Gengyun Niu ◽  
Yaoyao Zhang ◽  
Qianying Ren ◽  
Shiyu Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
New Genus ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Link Type

Labriocimbex sinicus Yan & Wei gen. et sp. nov. of Cimbicidae is described. The new genus is similar to Praia Andre and Trichiosoma Leach. A key to extant Holarctic genera of Cimbicinae is provided. To identify the phylogenetic placement of Cimbicidae, the mitochondrial genome of L. sinicus was annotated and characterized using high-throughput sequencing data. The complete mitochondrial genome of L. sinicus was obtained with a length of 15,405 bp (GenBank: MH136623; SRA: SRR8270383) and a typical set of 37 genes (22 tRNAs, 13 PCGs, and two rRNAs). The results demonstrated that all PCGs were initiated by ATN codon, and ended with TAA or T stop codons. The study reveals that all tRNA genes have a typical clover-leaf secondary structure, except for trnS1. Remarkably, the secondary structures of the rrnS and rrnL of L. sinicus were much different from those of Corynis lateralis. Phylogenetic analyses verified the monophyly and positions of the three Cimbicidae species within the superfamily Tenthredinoidea and demonstrated a relationship as (Tenthredinidae + Cimbicidae) + (Argidae + Pergidae) with strong nodal supports. Furthermore, we found that the generic relationships of Cimbicidae revealed by the phylogenetic analyses based on COI genes agree quite closely with the systematic arrangement of the genera based on the morphological characters. Phylogenetic tree based on two methods shows that L. sinicus is the sister group of Praia with high support values. We suggest that Labriocimbex belongs to the tribe Trichiosomini of Cimbicinae based on adult morphology and molecular data. Besides, we suggest to promote the subgenus Asitrichiosoma to be a valid genus.

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