Role of caterpillar saliva in mediating transcripts encoding proteins for synthesis of plant secondary metabolites

Abstract Background: Epigenetic regulation plays a significant role in the accumulation of plant secondary metabolites. The terpenoids are the most abundant in the secondary metabolites of plants, iridoid glycosides belong to monoterpenoids which is one of the main medicinal components of R.glutinosa. At present, study on iridoid glycosides mainly focuses on its pharmacology, accumulation and distribution, while the mechanism of its biosynthesis and the relationship between DNA methylation and plant terpene biosynthesis are seldom reports. Results: The research showed that the expression of DXS, DXR, 10HGO, G10H, GPPS and accumulation of iridoid glycosides increased at first and then decreased with the maturity of R.glutinosa, and under different concentrations of 5-azaC, the expression of DXS, DXR, 10HGO, G10H, GPPS and the accumulation of total iridoid glycosides were promoted, the promotion effect of low concentration (15μM-50μM) was more significant, the content of genomic DNA 5mC decreased significantly, the DNA methylation status of R.glutinosa genomes was also changed. DNA demethylation promoted gene expression and increased the accumulation of iridoid glycosides, but excessive demethylation inhibited gene expression and decreased the accumulation of iridoid glycosides. Conclusion: The analysis of DNA methylation, gene expression, and accumulation of iridoid glycoside provides insights into accumulation of terpenoids in R.glutinosa and lays a foundation for future studies on the effects of epigenetics on the synthesis of secondary metabolites.

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The role of plants and plant secondary metabolites as selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors

10.1016/b978-0-12-818797-5.00007-8 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 53-94

Author(s):

Alev Onder ◽

Lutfun Nahar ◽

Ahsen Sevde Cinar ◽

Satyajit D. Sarker

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽

Nos Inhibitors ◽

Oxide Synthase

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Plant secondary metabolites: antiparasitic effects and their role in ruminant production systems

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1079/pns2004396 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 631-639 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

Spiridoula Athanasiadou ◽

Ilias Kyriazakis

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Production Systems ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽

Antiparasitic Activity ◽

Excessive Consumption ◽

Therapeutic Properties ◽

Nutritional Effects

The purported antiparasitic properties of plant secondary metabolites (PSM) have been the cause of controversy amongst the scientific community. Despite long-standing knowledge of the prophylactic and therapeutic properties of PSM-rich extracts, which comes mainly from ethnoveterinary sources, the scientific evidence of the antiparasitic effects of PSM is inconsistent. In the first part of the present paper the causes of this controversy are addressed, and the evidence available on the antiparasitic effects of PSM is critically examined. The focus is on examples of the antiparasitic activity of PSM against helminth nematodes. The conclusion is that PSM can have antiparasitic properties, which depend on their structure, level of ingestion and availability within the gastrointestinal tract of the animal. The second part is an appraisal of the potential role of PSM for parasite control in ruminant production systems. Despite their antiparasitic properties, PSM consumption does not necessarily have positive consequences in parasitised herbivores, as excessive consumption of PSM can adversely affect herbivore fitness and survival, through their anti-nutritional properties. For this reason it is suggested that the antiparasitic properties of PSM should be assessed at the same time as their anti-nutritional effects. The same measure, e.g. the performance of parasitised hosts, should be used when assessing these properties. The assessment of the costs and benefits suggests that parasitised herbivores can benefit from the long-term consumption of PSM only if the antiparasitic benefits outweigh the anti-nutritional costs of PSM. In addition, it is proposed that parasitised animals might be able to benefit from PSM consumption even if their performance is impaired, as long as the latter is a short-term compromise that leads to long-term benefits.

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Differential Effects of Rare Specific Flavonoids on Compatible and Incompatible Strains in the Myrica gale-Frankia Actinorhizal Symbiosis

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02667-09 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 76 (8) ◽

pp. 2451-2460 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Jean Popovici ◽

Gilles Comte ◽

Ã¯Â¿Â½milie Bagnarol ◽

Nicole Alloisio ◽

Pascale Fournier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽

Biotic Interactions ◽

Spectroscopic Techniques ◽

Plant Phenolics ◽

Actinorhizal Symbiosis ◽

Myrica Gale ◽

Legume Symbiosis ◽

Symbiotic Specificity

ABSTRACT Plant secondary metabolites, and specifically phenolics, play important roles when plants interact with their environment and can act as weapons or positive signals during biotic interactions. One such interaction, the establishment of mutualistic nitrogen-fixing symbioses, typically involves phenolic-based recognition mechanisms between host plants and bacterial symbionts during the early stages of interaction. While these mechanisms are well studied in the rhizobia-legume symbiosis, little is known about the role of plant phenolics in the symbiosis between actinorhizal plants and Frankia genus strains. In this study, the responsiveness of Frankia strains to plant phenolics was correlated with their symbiotic compatibility. We used Myrica gale, a host species with narrow symbiont specificity, and a set of compatible and noncompatible Frankia strains. M. gale fruit exudate phenolics were extracted, and 8 dominant molecules were purified and identified as flavonoids by high-resolution spectroscopic techniques. Total fruit exudates, along with two purified dihydrochalcone molecules, induced modifications of bacterial growth and nitrogen fixation according to the symbiotic specificity of strains, enhancing compatible strains and inhibiting incompatible ones. Candidate genes involved in these effects were identified by a global transcriptomic approach using ACN14a strain whole-genome microarrays. Fruit exudates induced differential expression of 22 genes involved mostly in oxidative stress response and drug resistance, along with the overexpression of a whiB transcriptional regulator. This work provides evidence for the involvement of plant secondary metabolites in determining symbiotic specificity and expands our understanding of the mechanisms, leading to the establishment of actinorhizal symbioses.

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Cannabis Microbiome and the Role of Endophytes in Modulating the Production of Secondary Metabolites: An Overview

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8030355 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 355 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Meysam Taghinasab ◽

Suha Jabaji

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Plant Fitness ◽

Complex Relationship ◽

Shed Light

Plants, including cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa), host distinct beneficial microbial communities on and inside their tissues and organs, including seeds. They contribute to plant growth, facilitating mineral nutrient uptake, inducing defence resistance against pathogens, and modulating the production of plant secondary metabolites. Understanding the microbial partnerships with cannabis has the potential to affect the agricultural practices by improving plant fitness and the yield of cannabinoids. Little is known about this beneficial cannabis-microbe partnership, and the complex relationship between the endogenous microbes associated with various tissues of the plant, and the role that cannabis may play in supporting or enhancing them. This review will consider cannabis microbiota studies and the effects of endophytes on the elicitation of secondary metabolite production in cannabis plants. The review aims to shed light on the importance of the cannabis microbiome and how cannabinoid compound concentrations can be stimulated through symbiotic and/or mutualistic relationships with endophytes.

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