scholarly journals A Survey of Opponent Modeling in Adversarial Domains

2022 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 277-327
Author(s):  
Samer Nashed ◽  
Shlomo Zilberstein

Opponent modeling is the ability to use prior knowledge and observations in order to predict the behavior of an opponent. This survey presents a comprehensive overview of existing opponent modeling techniques for adversarial domains, many of which must address stochastic, continuous, or concurrent actions, and sparse, partially observable payoff structures. We discuss all the components of opponent modeling systems, including feature extraction, learning algorithms, and strategy abstractions. These discussions lead us to propose a new form of analysis for describing and predicting the evolution of game states over time. We then introduce a new framework that facilitates method comparison, analyze a representative selection of techniques using the proposed framework, and highlight common trends among recently proposed methods. Finally, we list several open problems and discuss future research directions inspired by AI research on opponent modeling and related research in other disciplines.

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Debmalya Mandal ◽  
Sourav Medya ◽  
Brian Uzzi ◽  
Charu Aggarwal

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), a generalization of deep neural networks on graph data have been widely used in various domains, ranging from drug discovery to recommender systems. However, GNNs on such applications are limited when there are few available samples. Meta-learning has been an important framework to address the lack of samples in machine learning, and in recent years, researchers have started to apply meta-learning to GNNs. In this work, we provide a comprehensive survey of different metalearning approaches involving GNNs on various graph problems showing the power of using these two approaches together. We categorize the literature based on proposed architectures, shared representations, and applications. Finally, we discuss several exciting future research directions and open problems.


2008 ◽  
pp. 849-879
Author(s):  
Dan A. Simovici

This chapter presents data mining techniques that make use of metrics defined on the set of partitions of finite sets. Partitions are naturally associated with object attributes and major data mining problem such as classification, clustering, and data preparation benefit from an algebraic and geometric study of the metric space of partitions. The metrics we find most useful are derived from a generalization of the entropic metric. We discuss techniques that produce smaller classifiers, allow incremental clustering of categorical data and help user to better prepare training data for constructing classifiers. Finally, we discuss open problems and future research directions.


Author(s):  
Gerald R. Ferris ◽  
B. Parker Ellen ◽  
Charn P. McAllister ◽  
Liam P. Maher

Organizational politics has been an oft-studied phenomenon for nearly four decades. Prior reviews have described research in this stream as aligning with one of three categories: perceptions of organizational politics (POPs), political behavior, or political skill. We suggest that because these categories are at the construct level research on organizational politics has been artificially constrained. Thus, we suggest a new framework with higher-level categories within which to classify organizational politics research: political characteristics, political actions, and political outcomes. We then provide a broad review of the literature applicable to these new categories and discuss the possibilities for future research within each expanded category. Finally, we close with a discussion of future directions for organizational politics research across the categories.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mechuselie Kehie

Traditional alder (Alnus nepalensis) based agroforestry system is an age-old ecological farming practice of some indigenous tribes viz., Angami, Chakhesang, Chang, Yimchunger and Konyak of Nagaland state in India. Alder is a deciduous or semi-deciduous tree naturally grown throughout the Himalayas. In this system of farming, crops are grown as intercrop with alder trees. Agricultural crops co-cultivated with alder, forms a very remunerative agroforestry system. Alder does not require high soil fertility and hence, conversion of wasteland into agricultural land through this system is very much practicable. This system is an outstanding sustainable model of land use evolved through numerous years of testing among the indigenous tribes of Nagaland. The present review presents a comprehensive overview of indigenous alder based farming practices in Nagaland. Furthermore, the paper also describes the opportunities, challenges and future research directions towards developing and utilizing this model for sustainable agriculture.


Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1101
Author(s):  
Bahram Saeidian ◽  
Abbas Rajabifard ◽  
Behnam Atazadeh ◽  
Mohsen Kalantari

The development and use of underground space is a necessity for most cities in response to rapid urbanisation. Effective underground land administration is critical for sustainable urban development. From a land administration perspective, the ownership extent of underground assets is essential for planning and managing underground areas. In some jurisdictions, physical structures (e.g., walls, ceilings, and utilities) are also necessary to delineate the ownership extent of underground assets. The current practice of underground land administration focuses on the ownership of underground space and mostly relies on 2D survey plans. This inefficient and fragmented 2D-based underground data management and communication results in several issues including boundary disputes, underground strikes, delays and disruptions in projects, economic losses, and urban planning issues. This study provides a review of underground land administration from three common aspects: legal, institutional, and technical. A range of important challenges have been identified based on the current research and practice. To address these challenges, the authors of this study propose a new framework for 3D underground land administration. The proposed framework outlines the future research directions to upgrade underground land administration using integrated 3D digital approaches.


2011 ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan A. Simovici

This chapter presents data mining techniques that make use of metrics defined on the set of partitions of finite sets. Partitions are naturally associated with object attributes and major data mining problem such as classification, clustering, and data preparation benefit from an algebraic and geometric study of the metric space of partitions. The metrics we find most useful are derived from a generalization of the entropic metric. We discuss techniques that produce smaller classifiers, allow incremental clustering of categorical data and help user to better prepare training data for constructing classifiers. Finally, we discuss open problems and future research directions.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yugang Sun

Abstract Dimerization of different nanocomponents in single nanoparticles becomes interesting due to not only inheritance of properties of both components but also generation of new properties associated with strong coupling of the two components. As a class of emerging nanomaterials, interfaced heterogeneous nanodimers (IHNDs) are attracting more attentions in the field of materials research, in particular, nanoscience and nanotechnology. This review provides a timely and comprehensive overview on the general principles for the synthesis of IHNDs and typical examples of IHNDs made of various compositional combinations. The current challenges related to the synthesis and characterization of IHNDs are summarized at the end of the review and future research directions are also discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Areej Alsini ◽  
Du Q. Huynh ◽  
Amitava Datta

Hashtag recommendation suggests hashtags to users while they write microblogs in social media platforms. Although researchers have investigated various methods and factors that affect the performance of hashtag recommendations in Twitter and Sina Weibo, a systematic review of these methods is lacking. The objectives of this study are to present a comprehensive overview of research on hashtag recommendation for tweets and present insights from previous research papers. In this paper, we search for articles related to our research between 2010 and 2020 from CiteSeer, IEEE Xplore, Springer and ACM digital libraries. From the 61 articles included in this study, we notice that most of the research papers were focused on the textual content of tweets instead of other data. Furthermore, collaborative filtering methods are seldom used solely in hashtag recommendation. Taking this perspective, we present a taxonomy of hashtag recommendation based on the research methodologies that have been used. We provide a critical review of each of the classes in the taxonomy. We also discuss the challenges remaining in the field and outline future research directions in this area of study.


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Duo Chen ◽  
Juanzi Li ◽  
Yuhuan Yuan ◽  
Chang Gao ◽  
Yunguang Cui ◽  
...  

Recently, the application of polymer-based composites at cryogenic conditions has become a hot topic, especially in aerospace fields. At cryogenic temperature, the polymer becomes more brittle, and the adverse effect of thermal stress induced by temperature is more remarkable. In this paper, the research development of thermoset and thermoplastic polymers for cryogenic applications are all reviewed. This review considers the literature concerning: (a) the cryogenic performance of modified thermoset polymers and the improving mechanisms of the reported modification methods; (b) the cryogenic application potential of some commercial thermoplastic polymers and the cryogenic performance of modified thermoplastic polymers; (c) the recent advance in the use of polymer for special cryogenic environment-liquid oxygen. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the research development of the polymer for cryogenic application. Moreover, future research directions have been proposed to facilitate its practical applications in aerospace.


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