Cost/Benefit Analysis of Managing Invasive Annual Grasses in Partially Invaded Sagebrush Steppe Ecosystems

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Sheley ◽  
Jordan Sheley ◽  
Brenda Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Rangeland Management ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Sagebrush Steppe ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Targeted Grazing ◽  
Steppe Ecosystems ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
The Cost

Our objective was to evaluate the cost/benefit of a single herbicide application or targeted grazing of invasive annual grasses during restoration of partially invaded sagebrush steppe ecosystems used for livestock production. The cost/benefit model used is based on estimating the production of vegetation in response to implementing management and modeling cost/benefit economics associated with that prediction. The after-tax present value of added animal unit months (AUMs) obtained was lower than the present value of after-tax treatment costs after 20 yr for a single herbicide treatment, but higher than the present value of after-tax treatment costs for the grazing management scenario. Even at the highest weed utilization level, the value of added AUMs did not offset the cost of the treatment after 20 yr. However, the grazing treatment resulted in a value of added AUMs higher than the costs after 20 yr. Depending on the invasive weed utilization level, break-even points with targeted grazing occurred at anywhere from the first year to 7 yr. This assessment clearly shows that grazing management can be economically viable for managing annual grass-infested rangeland. In the future, models like the one used here can be improved by incorporating the rangeland management and restoration benefits on the wide variety of goods and services gained from rangeland.

scholarly journals Analisis Sistem Pengadaan Kendaraan Dinas Operasional Pemerintah Melalui Sistem Pembelian dan Sewa (Studi Pada Politeknik Negeri Padang)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Elfitri Santi ◽  
Afridian Wirahadi ◽  
Arif Wahyu Saputra ◽  
Rasyidah Mustika ◽  
Ferdawati
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Analysis Instrument ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Value Of Money

The official goverment vehicles supply demand the goverment allocate fund in carefully and precise based on the needs. The value of money analysis between buy, rent, and leasing to supplying the official vehicles in Polytechnic State’s of Padang. intent on calculating, analyze, and comparing which alternative that make more value of money between the provisions system of buying, renting and leasing. Methods this Research is Qualitative and The analysis instrument that use in this research is Net Present Value Method also calculating the cost benefit analysis . The research examine 3 type or merk that represent the officeholder vehicles, such as Toyota Hiace Commuter, Kijang Innova V A/T, dan Avanza Veloz. The result of this research indicated that officeholder vehicles supplying system through the buying system is has more benefit that follow by the leasing system and the renting system. This research result could be a reference for Goverment in choosing supplying system of officeholder vehicles in Padang State’s Polytechnic.

scholarly journals Cost Benefit Analysis of the Exploitation of Several Important Natural Resources in the Coastal Zone in Binh Thuan Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuyến Dương Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Aquatic Resources ◽  
Tourism Resources ◽  
The Cost

 The cost benefit analysis (CBA) is a method of identifying and comparing the costs and benefits of a program, policy, or project to evaluate a project that increases or decreases economic welfare of society. CBA has the role of providing information for: 1/ Decide whether to invest in the project; 2/ Provide a basis for comparing options for selecting a project. The indicator used for calculation include: - Net Present Value, Net Present Value (NPV) is the net present value of the net benefit over the years converted to the monetary value of the base year. According to the discount rate (r), and the lifetime of the project – called t (years) to convert the cash flow and cost base year. If NPV value> 0, the project will be done, take back profit. If the NPV <0, project should not be done because it will make environmental damage, human health in society is more than economic benefit that prevention. According to calculation, investing tourist projects, fisheries exploitation projects, and wind electricity construction have positive NPV. Given that the Titan mining project has sound of NPV, the damage will hurt the society more than the business benefits of selling the product.    The coastal resources of Binh Thuan Province are divided into five outstanding groups, of which four are: (1) Titan mineral resources; (2) tourism resources; (3) fishery resources; (4) Energy resources and (5) Sub-categories include resources such as forest resources, land resources and water resources. In order to assess the value of specific types of resources in Binh Thuan's coastal zone, it is possible to select three types of resources to calculate the cost of benefits in the exploitation process for socio-economic development, namely tourism resource exploitation, mineral resources exploitation and exploitation of aquatic resources. The results show that the exploitation of tourism resources and exploitation of aquatic resources has the NPV> 0 value, while exploiting NPV <0

scholarly journals Cost-Benefit Analysis for the Concentrated Solar Power in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuxia Yang ◽  
Xianguo Zhu ◽  
Weishang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Better Than

In 2016, the first batch of concentrated solar power (CSP) demonstration projects of China was formally approved. Due to the important impact of the cost-benefit on the investment decisions and policy-making, this paper adopted the static payback period (SP), net present value (NPV), net present value rate (NPVR), and internal rate of return (IRR) to analyze and discuss the cost-benefit of CSP demonstration plants. The results showed the following. (1) The SP of CSP systems is relatively longer, due to high initial investment; but the cost-benefit of CSP demonstration plants as a whole is better, because of good expected incomes. (2) Vast majority of CSP projects could gain excess returns, on the basis of meeting the profitability required by the benchmark yield of 10%. (3) The cost-benefit of solar tower CSP technology (IRR of 12.33%) is better than that of parabolic trough CSP technology (IRR of 11.72%) and linear Fresnel CSP technology (IRR of 11.43%). (4) The annual electricity production and initial costs have significant impacts on the cost-benefit of CSP systems; the effects of operation and maintenance costs and loan interest rate on the cost-benefit of CSP systems are relatively smaller but cannot be ignored.

Cost-Benefit Analysis for Ship Automation Retrofit: The Case of Icebreaker Frej

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Lyridis ◽  
H. N. Psaraftis ◽  
N. Ventikos ◽  
P. Zacharioudakis ◽  
K. Dilzas
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Cost

A detailed cost-benefit analysis of a retrofit of the Advanced Technology to Optimise Maritime Operational Safety (ATOMOS) platform on board icebreaker Frej is presented. After accurately determining the relationship between the costs and benefits, an analysis is implemented in order to assess the most basic advantages and disadvantages of the suggested retrofitting action in monetary terms. A two-step approach is adopted. The first step is to define the major categories of the ship operational aggregate costs and benefits (for example, the actual cost of the ATOMOS platform and of equipment not part of the ATOMOS platform but still necessary for its installation and operation, or the expected crew decrease because of the higher degree of automation). The second step is to examine the various basic components of these categories (for example, administration and training cost, required automatic radar plotting aid [ARPA] and electronic chart display and information system [ECDIS] equipment acquisition cost, fuel benefits, and insurance benefits). The cost-benefit analysis performed is followed by a sensitivity analysis of the most important factors affecting the net present value of the investment. It is shown that it takes about 5 years for the ATOMOS retrofit to be fully paid back by the annual savings it offers and it takes about 6.5 years for the net present value of the investment to turn positive. This coupled by the increased vessel safety justifies the decision to retrofit Frej with the ATOMOS platform. Furthermore, it is found that the cost of the ATOMOS platform, the benefits from crew decrease, and the interest rate are those factors that essentially determine the profitability of the investment. In the case of Frej, it is concluded that the retrofit is worth undertaking for the majority of future scenarios.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF MODERN STAGES OF ANALYSIS OF BENEFITS AND COSTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetyana Kibuk
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Public Project ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefits And Costs

The article is devoted to the study of one of the most relevant and widely used tools of the modern decision-making process at the national and international levels – cost-benefit analysis (CBA). The article defines the purpose of the cost-benefit analysis. Three approaches to the selection of CBA stages are analyzed, among which there are three, from five to seven and ten stages. Their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted. The modern stages of the analysis of benefits and costs are systematized, namely: determining the level of analysis and its purpose; identification of alternatives to the public project; identification of the list of benefits and costs of the project; valuation in monetary terms of certain benefits and costs; establishing project evaluation criteria; discounting benefits and costs to obtain the present value of the project; determination of the net present value of social project options; analysis of the sensitivity of the social project; analysis of the distribution of existing benefits from the public project and selection one project among several alternative ones for implementation. The figures of the choice of existing alternatives of the public project are analyzed. Existing types of project costs are identified, including direct, indirect, tangible, intangible, opportunity and real costs. The list of benefits investigated by the analysis is determined, which include: monetary, non-monetary and intangible benefits. The difference between monetary valuation of project benefits and costs at shadow and market prices is investigated. The most common selection criteria in the modern project decision-making process are analyzed. The peculiarities of the formation of the social discount rate are highlighted. The features of sensitivity analysis and the purpose for its implementation are determined. Existing types of uncertainty and ways to overcome them are summarized, namely knowledge uncertainty, policy uncertainty and future uncertainty. The specifics of decision making in the cost-benefit analysis are studied. Further directions of research of problematic questions of the cost-benefit analysis in modern economy are identified.

Hostile Takeovers and Anti-takeover Defenses in the Russian Corporate Market

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Hostile Takeovers ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Takeover Defenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
European Markets

This article analyzes definitions and the role of hostile takeovers at the Russian and European markets for corporate control. It develops the methodology of assessing the efficiency of anti-takeover defenses adapted to the conditions of the Russian market. The paper uses the cost-benefit analysis, where the costs and benefits of the pre-bid and post-bid defenses are compared.

The Evolutionary Psychology of Scientific Publishing: Cost-Benefit Optimization of Players in the Game

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milind Watve
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Current System ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Scientific Publishing ◽  
Collective Goal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Collective Goals ◽  
Innate Tendency

Peer reviewed scientific publishing is critical for communicating important findings, interpretations and theories in any branch of science. While the value of peer review is rarely doubted, much concern is being raised about the possible biases in the process. I argue here that most of the biases originate in the evolved innate tendency of every player to optimize one’s own cost benefits. Different players in the scientific publishing game have different cost-benefit optima. There are multiple conflicts between individual optima and collective goals. An analysis of the cost-benefit optima of every player in the scientific publishing game shows how and why biases originate. In the current system of publishing, by optimization considerations, the probability of publishing a ‘bad’ manuscript is relatively small but the probability of rejecting a ‘good’ manuscript is very high. By continuing with the current publishing structure, the global distribution of the scientific community would be increasingly clustered. Publication biases by gender, ethnicity, reputation, conformation and conformity will be increasingly common and revolutionary concepts increasingly difficult to publish. Ultimately, I explore the possibility of designing a peer review publishing system in which the conflicts between individual optimization and collective goal can be minimized. In such a system, if everyone behaves with maximum selfishness, biases would be minimized and the progress towards the collective goal would be faster and smoother. Changing towards such a system might prove difficult unless a critical mass of authors take an active role to revolutionize scientific publishing.

What's it Worth? Improving Surface Water Quality

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Newsome ◽  
C. D. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Cost

Many countries are investing in measures to improve surface water quality, but the investment programmes for so doing are increasingly becoming subject to cost-benefit analysis. Whilst the cost of control measures can usually be determined for individual improvement schemes, there are currently no established procedures for valuing the benefits attributable to improved surface water quality. The paper describes a methodology that has been derived that now makes this possible.

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