Response of Aryloxyalkanoate Dioxygenase-12 Transformed Soybean Yield Components to Postemergence 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Robinson ◽  
David M. Simpson ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Grain Yield Components ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Pod Number

New trait technology incorporating 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) resistance in soybean provides an alternative method to control weeds. However, the effect of postemergence treatments of 2,4-D on aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase-12 (AAD-12) soybean on injury and yield components has not been reported. Our objectives were to characterize the effect of 2,4-D (dimethylamine salt) rates (0, 1,120, and 2,240 g ae ha−1) and soybean growth stage (V5, R2, or V5 followed by R2) on AAD-12 soybean injury and yield components. Less than 3% soybean injury was observed when 2,240 g ha−1of 2,4-D was applied to R2 soybean, and less than 1% soybean injury was caused by 1,120 g ha−1of 2,4-D. Seed yield, seed mass, pod number, seed number, seed per pod, reproductive node number, pods per reproductive node, node number, and percent reproductive nodes were not affected by 2,4-D treatments when applied at the V5, R2, or the V5 followed by R2 soybean growth stage. This research demonstrates that soybean transformed with AAD-12 can tolerate foliar applications of 2,4-D at rates up to 2,240 g ha−1with no effect on soybean grain yield components.

The optimum foliar zinc source and level for improving Zn content in seed of chickpea

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihal Kayan ◽  
Nurdilek Gulmezoglu ◽  
Mehmet Demir Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Pod Number

The comparative effect of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% Zn levels of zinc chelate (Zn-EDTA; 8% Zn) and zinc sulfate (23% Zn) applied as foliar sprays for assuaging zinc deficiency of chickpea cv. Gökçe was evaluated under field condition. The sprays were applied on the plants before blooming stage during 2012 and 2013 growing seasons and seed yield, yield components like plant height, pod number per plant, seed number per plant, hundred seed weight, harvest index and mineral concentrations (nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and iron) in seeds were investigated. Plant height, pod number per plant, seed number per plant, hundred seed weight, harvest index and seed yield were investigated. The results showed that increased zinc doses caused an increase in Zn content of seed, while seed yield was not affected similarly. In general, plant height, pod number and seed number per plant increased by the application of zinc. Lower dose of Zn-EDTA and higher dose of ZnSO<sub>4</sub> gave higher yield components. Seed weight, harvest index and seed yield were not significantly influenced by Zn sources and doses; however, mineral concentration of seeds enhanced when Zn doses were increased. It was concluded that foliar application of zinc resulted in an increase in seed mineral contents rather than seed yield of chickpea. The dose of 0.6% with Zn-EDTA was the optimum combination for Zn enrichment in seed of chickpea.

scholarly journals Higher flower and seed number leads to higher yield under water stress conditions imposed during reproduction in chickpea

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raju Pushpavalli ◽  
Mainassara Zaman-Allah ◽  
Neil C. Turner ◽  
Rekha Baddam ◽  
Mandali V. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Pod Number

The reproductive phase of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is more sensitive to water deficits than the vegetative phase. The characteristics that confer drought tolerance to genotypes at the reproductive stage are not well understood; especially which characteristics are responsible for differences in seed yield under water stress. In two consecutive years, 10 genotypes with contrasting yields under terminal drought stress in the field were exposed to a gradual, but similar, water stress in the glasshouse. Flower number, flower + pod + seed abortion percentage, pod number, pod weight, seed number, seed yield, 100-seed weight (seed size), stem + leaf weight and harvest index (HI) were recorded in well watered plants (WW) and in water-stressed plants (WS) when the level of deficit was mild (phase I), and when the stress was severe (phase II). The WS treatment reduced seed yield, seed and pod number, but not flower + pod + seed abortion percentage or 100-seed weight. Although there were significant differences in total seed yield among the genotypes, the ranking of the seed yield in the glasshouse differed from the ranking in the field, indicating large genotype × environment interaction. Genetic variation for seed yield and seed yield components was observed in the WW treatment, which also showed differences across years, as well as in the WS treatment in both the years, so that the relative seed yield and relative yield components (ratio of values under WS to those under WW) were used as measures of drought tolerance. Relative total seed yield was positively associated with relative total flower number (R2 = 0.23 in year 2) and relative total seed number (R2 = 0.83, R2 = 0.79 in years 1 and 2 respectively). In phase I (mild stress), relative yield of seed produced in that phase was found to be associated with the flower number in both the years (R2 = 0.69, R2 = 0.76 respectively). Therefore, the controlled drought imposition that was used, where daily water loss from the soil was made equal for all plants, revealed genotypic differences in the sensitivity of the reproductive process to drought. Under these conditions, the seed yield differences in chickpea were largely related to the capacity to produce a large number of flowers and to set seeds, especially in the early phase of drought stress when the degree of water deficit was mild.

scholarly journals Correlations among alfalfa yield components

Genetika ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera Ilic ◽  
Dragan Djukic
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Ovule Number ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Pod Number

Presented in this paper are the results of our study of correlations among yield components in ten alfalfa genotypes under open pollination (polycross) conditions. The study was conducted between 2000 and 2002 at the Rimski Sancevi Experiment Field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. Highly significant correlations were found between pod number per inflorescence and seed number per inflorescence (r= 0.645) as well as between seed number per pod and seed number per inflorescence (r= 0.685). Similarly, the correlation between inflorescence number per stem and seed yield was significant and positive (r= 0.589). Negative correlations existed between ovule number per ovary on the one hand and seed yield and inflorescence number per stem on the other (r= -0.617 and r= -0.598, respectively). The highest seed yield was achieved with the cultivar Europe (651.4 kg ha-1) and the lowest with the genotype Le-6 (426.25 kg ha-1). The difference was highly significant (CV= 14,93%).

scholarly journals The Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilization on The Yield and Some Yield Components of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) In Van Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 786-794
Author(s):  
Cihan YEŞILBAŞ ◽  
Yeşim TOGAY
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Biological Yield

The study was conducted to determine effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on the yield and some yield components in lentil cultivars in 2014-15 growing seasons in Van. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomised block design with three replications. The study was conducted to determine effects of different fertilizer sources (Control, DAP, Chicken manure and sheep manure) on the yield and some yield components in two lentil cultivars (Özbek and Kafkas). In the study were investigated the plant height, first pod height, branch number per plant, pod and seed number per plant, seed number per pod, biological yield, seed yield per unit, harvest index, 1000-seed weight and protein ratio in seed. The highest seed yield was obtained from chicken manure application of Özbek cultivar with 157.6 kg da-1.  

Yield response of narrow-leafed lupin plants to variations in pod number

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Palta ◽  
C. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Specific Number ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The effect of pod number on the seed yield and components of seed yield was examined for narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grown at a plant density of 36 plants/m2 in both the glasshouse and the field. Diflerent numbers of pods per plant in the glasshouse-grown lupin were generated by the application of N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) to a specific number of flowers to ensure artificially that they set pods, and the subsequent removal of the remaining untreated flowers. Pod number ranged from 6 to 65 pods/plant in the glasshouse and was naturally distributed from 2 to 22 pods/plant in the field. Increases in seed yield per plant occurred as pod number per plant increased from 2 to 30 pods. No further increases in seed yield resulted when pod number per plant increased from 30 to 55 pods. Seed yield per plant was depressed as pod number increased from 55 to 65 pods. Seed size fell as pod number per plant increased over 20 pods and was less affected once the number of seeds per pod was reduced. The reduction in seed number per pod resulted from an increase in the number of seeds that aborted during seed filling. The data suggest that at a plant density of 36 plants/m2 there is potential for improving seed yield per plant by increasing the number of pods that reach maturity, provided it does not exceed 30 pods/plant. However, if consideration is given to producing large seeds, often preferred by buyers, the number of pods per plant should not exceed 20 pods.

THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT, APEX EXCISION AND FLOWER REMOVAL ON FERTILITY COMPONENTS OF FABA BEANS (Vicia faba L.)

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. ROWLAND ◽  
G. DUC ◽  
J. PICARD
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds

An experiment was conducted at Dijon, France and Saskatoon, Canada to determine if apex excision or flower removal had an effect on ovule fertilization. Two lines of faba beans, cvs. Strube and 370, showed no effect of apex excision or flower removal on the frequency of ovule fertilization. The fertilization frequency, which averaged 55% for the experiment, was 10% higher at Dijon than Saskatoon and 30% higher in Strube than 370. Young-pod number, pod number, seed number and seed yield were all greater at Dijon. The abortion of fertilized flowers was high for all treatments and lines but particularly so in Strube with no flower removal. The data indicated that abortion was occurring at the pod level and not the seed level, suggesting that the average number of seeds per pod could be increased if the ovule fertilization frequency per flower could be improved.Key words: Vicia faba, fertilization frequency, fertility components, apex excision.

scholarly journals Pendugaan Keragaman Genetik dan Korelasi Antara Komponen Hasil Kacang Hijau Berumur Genjah

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratri Tri Hapsari
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Days To Maturity

<p>Estimation of Genetic Variability and Correlation Among Early Maturity Mungbean Yield Components. Ratri T. Hapsari. Early maturity mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is very important to avoid drought stress, pest and disease attack as well as increase the index planting. The aims of this research was to estimate genetic variability and correlation. The genetic study included heritability, coefficient of genetic variability, genetic advance and correlation among yield components so that it can be used as selection criteria for early maturity mungbean. A total of 145 accessions of mungbean were tested at Muneng farm station in March-June 2010 using a randomized block design, with two replicates. Each accession was planted at 0.8 m x 4 m with spacing 40 cm x 10 cm, with two plants/hole. Fertilization was done by adding 50 kg urea, 75 kg SP36, and 75 kg KCl/ha, at the time of planting. The results showed that mungbean accesions had significant differences in all characters tested. The genetic variance value of all characters was broad with high broadsense heritability estimates, except for number of pods/ cluster and seed number/pod. Genetic advance of all characters were high, except for seed number/pod. The phenotypic correlation between 1000 seeds weight and pod length with seed yield were positive significant while plant height, flowering days, days to maturity, and number of pods per plant had negative significant correlation with its yield. Therefore, plant height, days to maturity, pod lenght, 1000 seeds weight and seed yield could be used as selection criteria based on estimating value of genetic variability, correlation with yield and economic value. There were five genotype which have index value above 20, i.e MLGV 0353, MLGV 0362, MLGV 0354, MLGV 0358, and MLGV 0351.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Kacang hijau [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] berumur genjah berperan penting untuk menghindari cekaman kekeringan, serangan hama penyakit, dan meningkatkan indeks pertanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai duga parameter genetik dan korelasi antar komponen hasil sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi kacang hijau berumur genjah. Sebanyak 145 genotipe kacang hijau diuji di KP Muneng pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Juni 2010 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan dua ulangan. Setiap aksesi ditanam pada plot 0,8 m x 4 m dengan jarak tanam 40 cm x 10 cm, dua tanaman/lubang. Pemupukan dilakukan dengan 50 kg urea, 75 kg SP36, dan 75 kg KCl per hektar pada saat tanam. Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, umur 50% berbunga, umur 80% masak, jumlah polong/tangkai, jumlah polong/tanaman, panjang polong, jumlah biji/polong, bobot 1.000 biji, dan bobot biji/plot. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe yang diuji memiliki keragaman semua sifat yang diamati. Keragaman genetik dan fenotipik tergolong luas. Heritabilitas arti luas tergolong tinggi, kecuali jumlah polong/tangkai dan jumlah biji/polong tergolong sedang. Kemajuan genetik seluruh karakter tinggi, kecuali jumlah biji/polong. Korelasi antara bobot 1.000 biji dan panjang polong bernilai positif nyata dengan bobot biji/plot, sedangkan tinggi tanaman, umur berbunga, umur masak, dan jumlah polong per tanaman berkorelasi negatif nyata. Berdasarkan nilai duga parameter genetik, korelasi antarhasil, dan nilai ekonomisnya, maka tinggi tanaman, umur masak, panjang polong, bobot 1.000 biji dan bobot biji per plot dapat dijadikan kriteria seleksi indeks. Terdapat lima genotipe memiliki nilai indeks lebih dari 20, yaitu MLGV 0353, MLGV 0362, MLGV 0354, MLGV 0358, dan MLGV 0351.</p>

scholarly journals Response of Canola Advanced Lines to Delay Plantings upon Late Season Drought Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Amir Hosein Shirani Rad ◽  
Nasser Shahsavari ◽  
Nadia Safavi Fard
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Formation Stage ◽  
Pod Number

     In order to evaluation of canola advanced lines response to delay plantings under late season drought stress conditions, an experiment was carried out in a factorial split-plot arrangement based on RCBD with three replications during two years (2012-2014) in Karaj of Iran. Treatments were; (1): Planting date in two levels (16 October and 1 November), (2): irrigation, in two levels (I1: normal irrigation as control and I2: restricted irrigation after pod formation stage) as main plots and (3): twelve oilseed rape genotypes as sub plots such as BAL2, BAL1, BAL3, BAL6, BAL8, BAL9, BAL11, BAL15, L72, R15, L109 and Okapi. The interaction effects of planting date, irrigation and genotype on pod number per plant, seed number per pod, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, and oil yield were significant at 1% level probability. The maximum seed yield under planting at the appropriate time (16 October), normal irrigation and drought stress conditions (restricted irrigation after pod formation stage) was observed in Okapi and L109, respectively). Among genotypes, R15 line under delay planting (1 November) and both normal irrigation and drought stress conditions (restricted irrigation after pod formation stage) showed the maximum seed yield.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF PLANTING DATE AND SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT ON COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris) YIELD UNDER WEED-FREE AND WEEDY CONDITIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ESMAEILZADEH ◽  
H. AMINPANAH
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Pod Number

ABSTRACTTo evaluate the effect of planting date and spatial pattern on common bean yield under weed-free and weed-infested conditions, an experiment was conducted in Kelachay, Northern Iran, in 2013. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a factorial arrangement with three replicates. Factors were planting date (10 August and 20 August), spatial pattern (square and rectangular planting pattern, with a planting distance of 30 x 30 cm and 45 x 20 cm, respectively), and weed management regime (weed-free and weedy conditions, weeded and not weeded throughout the growing season, respectively). Results showed that the main effect of planting date was significant only for pod number per plant and seed number per pod. At the same time, pod number per plant, seed number per pod, pod length, and grain yield were influenced significantly by spatial pattern. Results of ANOVA have also indicated that all traits, except pod length, were influenced significantly by weed-management regimes. Moreover, effect of planting date and spatial pattern were nonsignificant for weed dry weight. Mean comparison has expressed a significant increment in seed yield for square planting arrangement (1,055 kg ha-1) over rectangular (971 kg ha-1). Weeding has also presented an overall 12% and 8% improvement in grain and pod yield over control (weedy check), respectively. Based on the results of this study, weed control, as well as square planting pattern, are recommended for obtaining the highest seed yield in common bean.

scholarly journals Sowing Date and Rate Effect on Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Yield Components’ Formation

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 384-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskars Balodis ◽  
Zinta Gaile
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Pod Number

Abstract Crop yield per area is the product of plant density and productivity of an individual plant. Plant density and the time of winter oilseed rape sowing influences yield components (parameters of individual plant productivity), such as pod number per plant, seed number per pod, plant productivity, seed weight, and plant branching. The aim of this three-year (2008–2010) study was to investigate winter oilseed rape yield components depending on sowing date (five sowing dates) and sowing rate (four sowing rates for each variety) as initial cause of plant density at harvest for two type winter oilseed rape varieties (open pollinated ‘Californium’ and hybrid ‘Excalibur’). Field trials were carried out at the Research and Study Farm “Vecauce” of the Latvia University of Agriculture. Winter oilseed rape yield components (pod number per plant and seed number per pod, plant productivity (seed number per plant and plant productivity in g) as well as the number of primary branches per plant) were affected (p < 0.05) by sowing date and rate for both varieties. In general, no significant effect of sowing rate on 1000-seed weight was observed (p > 0.05), but sowing date influenced this component significantly (p < 0.05). A yield compensation mechanism was demonstrated by significant (p < 0.05) negative correlations between plant density at harvest and parameters of individual plant productivity.

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