The Effect of Weed Density and Application Timing on Weed Control and Corn Grain Yield1

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW W. MYERS ◽  
WILLIAM S. CURRAN ◽  
MARK J. VANGESSEL ◽  
BRADLEY A. MAJEK ◽  
BARBARA A. SCOTT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Corn Grain

Application Timing for Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays) with Dicamba Tank Mixtures

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Spandl ◽  
Thomas L. Rabaey ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Optimal application timing for dicamba–acetamide tank mixes was examined in field studies conducted in Michigan and Wisconsin from 1993 to 1995. Dicamba was tank mixed with alachlor, metolachlor, or SAN 582H and applied at planting, 7 d after planting, and 14 d after planting. Additional dicamba plus alachlor tank mixes applied at all three timings were followed by nicosulfuron postemergence to determine the effects of noncontrolled grass weeds on corn yield. Delaying application of dicamba–acetamide tank mixes until 14 d after planting often resulted in lower and less consistent giant foxtail control compared with applications at planting or 7 d after planting. Corn grain yield was reduced at one site where giant foxtail control was lower when application was delayed until 14 d after planting. Common lambsquarters control was excellent with 7 or 14 d after planting applications. At one site, common lambsquarters control and corn yield was reduced by application at planting. Dicamba–alachlor tank mixes applied 7 d after planting provided similar weed control or corn yield, while at planting and 14 d after planting applications provided less consistent weed control or corn yield than a sequential alachlor plus dicamba treatment or an atrazine-based program.

Weed control and crop tolerance of micro-encapsulated acetochlor applied sequentially in glyphosate-resistant soybean

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 973-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Mayank S. Malik ◽  
John B. Willis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Green Foxtail

Jhala, A. J., Malik, M. S. and Willis, J. B. 2015. Weed control and crop tolerance of micro-encapsulated acetochlor applied sequentially in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 973–981. Acetochlor, an acetamide herbicide, has been used for many years for weed control in several crops, including soybean. Micro-encapsulated acetochlor has been recently registered for preplant (PP), pre-emergence (PRE), and post-emergence (POST) application in soybean in the United States. Information is not available regarding the sequential application of acetochlor for weed control and soybean tolerance. The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of application timing of micro-encapsulated acetochlor applied in tank-mixture with glyphosate in single or sequential applications for weed control in glyphosate-resistant soybean, and to determine its impact on soybean injury and yields. Field experiments were conducted at Clay Center, Nebraska, in 2012 and 2013, and at Waverly, Nebraska, in 2013. Acetochlor tank-mixed with glyphosate applied alone PP, PRE, or tank-mixed with flumioxazin, fomesafen, or sulfentrazone plus chlorimuron provided 99% control of common waterhemp, green foxtail, and velvetleaf at 15 d after planting (DAP); however, control declined to ≤40% at 100 DAP. Acetochlor tank-mixed with glyphosate applied PRE followed by early POST (V2 to V3 stage of soybean) or late POST (V4 to V5 stage) resulted in ≥90% control of common waterhemp and green foxtail, reduced weed density to ≤2 plants m−2 and biomass to ≤12 g m−2, and resulted in soybean yields >3775 kg ha−1. The sequential applications of glyphosate plus acetochlor applied PP followed by early POST or late POST resulted in equivalent weed control to the best herbicide combinations included in this study and soybean yield equivalent to the weed free control. Injury to soybean was <10% in each of the treatments evaluated. Micro-encapsulated acetochlor can be a good option for soybean growers for controlling grasses and small-seeded broadleaf weeds if applied in a PRE followed by POST herbicide program in tank-mixture with herbicides of other modes of action.

Evaluation of Application Program and Timing in Herbicide-Resistant Corn

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Lindsey ◽  
Wesley J. Everman ◽  
Andrew J. Chomas ◽  
James J. Kells
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Field studies were conducted from 2007 to 2009 in East Lansing, MI to evaluate three residual herbicide programs, three POST herbicide application timings, and two POST herbicides in glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistant corn. Herbicide programs included a residual PRE-applied herbicide followed by (fb) POST application (residual fb POST), a residual herbicide tank-mixed with a POST herbicide (residual + POST), and a nonresidual POST. Three POST herbicide application timings included early POST (EP), mid-POST (MP), and late POST (LP) at an average corn growth stage of V3/V4, V4/V5, and V5/V6, respectively. The two POST herbicides evaluated were glyphosate and glufosinate. Control of common lambsquarters and giant foxtail was evaluated 28 d after the LP application. Glyphosate often provided greater weed control than glufosinate. The LP application resulted in greater giant foxtail control compared with the EP application timing, which may be attributed to control of late-emerging weeds. The EP application timing improved common lambsquarters control compared with the LP application timing. The residual + POST program resulted in greater weed control compared with the residual fb POST program in all years. The effect of residual herbicide program, POST herbicide, and POST application timing on corn grain yield varied by year. In 2007, the use of glyphosate resulted in higher grain yield compared with glufosinate. In 2008, corn grain yield was the highest in the PRE fb POST program and with POST applications at EP and MP. To provide the most consistent weed control and minimize the likelihood of grain yield reductions, a PRE fb POST program applied at EP or MP is recommended.

Glyphosate Application Timings in Twin- and Single-row Corn and Soybean Spacings

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Corn Grain

Field research was conducted in 2002 and 2003 to determine the effect of twin- and single-row spacing and POST glyphosate application timing on light interception, weed control, and grain yield of glyphosate-resistant corn and soybean. Row spacing did not affect light interception measured 10 to 11 wk after planting. Corn grain yield in 2002 was 1.0 Mg/ha higher in single rows compared with twin rows when averaged over glyphosate timing, but was unaffected by row spacing in 2003. Soybean grain yield was similar in 19- and 38-cm single rows, and single-row grain yield was 0.2 to 0.4 Mg/ha higher than the twin-row spacing. Corn grain yields were similar to the weed-free control when glyphosate was applied to weeds 10 to 15 cm tall in 2002 and 10 cm tall in 2003. Soybean yield was maximized by application of glyphosate to weeds 15 to 30 cm tall in 2002 and 60 cm tall in 2003.

Effect of Preplant Tillage, Post-Plant Cultivation, and Herbicides on Weed Density in Corn (Zea mays)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 728-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Corn Grain

A four-year experiment was conducted near Scottsbluff, NE to evaluate the effect of different methods of preplant tillage, post-plant cultivation, and herbicides on weed density and grain yield. Ridge-till enhanced the development of kochia and reduced the density of wild proso millet and common lambsquarters. Tandem disking increased longspine sandbur and redroot pigweed density whereas moldboard plowing increased common sunflower density. Cultivation reduced weed density 86% but weeds that remained after cultivation reduced corn grain yield by 40% as compared with a hand-weeded control. Weed control treatments that integrated cultivation and herbicides controlled a broader spectrum of weed species than cultivation or herbicide treatments alone.

scholarly journals Application timing of oxyfluorfen and halosufuron-methyl in onion (Allium cepa L.).

1969 ◽  
Vol 91 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Carlos J. Ruiz-Vargas ◽  
Elvin Román-Paoli ◽  
María de L. Lugo ◽  
Nelson Semidey
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Agricultural Experiment Station ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Better Than

During 2002 and 2003, two field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Experiment Station of Lajas to evaluate phytotoxicity and efficacy of weed control of oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene] and halosulfuron-methyl [methyl 5- [[(4,6-dimethoxy-2- pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonylaminosulfonyl]-3-chloro-1-methyl-1-H-pyrazole-4- carboxylate] applied on three different dates and at three rates after onion (Allium cepaL.) planting. In the first experiment, early applications of oxyfluorfen at 0.13 and 0.27 kg ai/ha at 5,10 and 15 days after onion emergence (DAE) were less phytotoxic (≤ 30%) than simultaneous applications of halosulfuron-methyl, which resulted 100% phytotoxic at 0.027 and 0.054 kg ai/ha. Ten days after each application the lowest weed density (seven plants per 0.5 m2) was obtained with the oxyfluorfen treatment at 15 DAE; however, twenty days later the lowest weed density (five plants per 0.5 m2) resulted from the application at 5 DAE. Greater weed densities were obtained with both rates of halosulfuron-methyl (≥52 plants per 0.5 m2), regardless of application timing. In the second experiment, the applications of halosulfuronmethyl at 35 DAE to plots previously treated with oxyfluorfen at 5, 10 and 15 DAE, caused severe damage (≥80%) to onion. In relation to weed control, the best combination of both herbicides was the application of oxyfluorfen at 10 DAE followed by halosulfuron-methyl at 35 DAE; however, this treatment was not significantly better than the application of oxyfluorfen alone at 10 DAE. The use of oxyfluorfen alone at 10 DAE resulted in higher onion yield and bulb number than any of the other herbicide treatments. Halosulfuronmethyl application reduced onion yield by more than 97%; therefore, the use of this herbicide in this crop should be avoided. Key words: weed density, phytotoxicity, herbicides in this crop should be avoided.

Weed Control in Soybean as Influenced by Residual Herbicide Use and Glyphosate-Application Timing Following Different Planting Dates

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. DeWerff ◽  
Shawn P. Conley ◽  
Jed B. Colquhoun ◽  
Vince M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Residual Herbicide

Soybean planting has occurred earlier in the Midwestern United States in recent years; however, earlier planting subjects the crop to longer durations of weed interference. This may change the optimum timing of POST glyphosate applications, or increase the need for residual herbicides applied PRE to optimize yield. A field study was conducted in 2012 and 2013 near Arlington, WI to determine the effect of planting date, residual herbicide use, and POST glyphosate timing on weed control and soybean yield. Planting dates were late April, mid-May, and early June. A PRE application of sulfentrazone plus cloransulam was applied to half the plots following each planting date. Glyphosate was applied POST to all plots at the V1, V2, V4, or R1 soybean growth stage. Planting date and glyphosate timing did not affect soybean yield in this study. However, averaged across years, planting dates, and POST glyphosate timings, yield increased from 3,280 to 3,500 kg ha−1when a PRE herbicide with residual soil activity was used. In POST-only treatments, delaying the planting date to June decreased weed density at POST application timing from 127 to 5 plants m−2(96%) and from 205 to 42 plants m−2(80%) in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Where a PRE was used, total weed density at POST application timing was always less within planting date, and also declined from early to late planting date 26 to 3 plants m−2(89%) and 23 to 6 plants m−2(74%) in 2012 and 2013, respectively. In conclusion, both PRE herbicide use and delayed soybean planting were effective strategies to reduce the number of in-crop weeds exposed to POST glyphosate and should be considered as strategies to reduce the number of weeds exposed to POST herbicides for resistance management.

scholarly journals Determining the critical period for weed control in high-yielding cotton using common sunflower as a mimic weed

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 800-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham W. Charles ◽  
Brian M. Sindel ◽  
Annette L. Cowie ◽  
Oliver G. G. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Planting Season

AbstractField studies were conducted over six seasons to determine the critical period for weed control (CPWC) in high-yielding cotton, using common sunflower as a mimic weed. Common sunflower was planted with or after cotton emergence at densities of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 plants m−2. Common sunflower was added and removed at approximately 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, and 900 growing degree days (GDD) after planting. Season-long interference resulted in no harvestable cotton at densities of five or more common sunflower plants m−2. High levels of intraspecific and interspecific competition occurred at the highest weed densities, with increases in weed biomass and reductions in crop yield not proportional to the changes in weed density. Using a 5% yield-loss threshold, the CPWC extended from 43 to 615 GDD, and 20 to 1,512 GDD for one and 50 common sunflower plants m−2, respectively. These results highlight the high level of weed control required in high-yielding cotton to ensure crop losses do not exceed the cost of control.

The Effect of Trifluralin Applied Preplant on Grass Weed Control and Establishment and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio A. Scursoni ◽  
Emilio H. Satorre
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
And Control ◽  
Crop Planting ◽  
Grass Weed

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of preplant applications of trifluralin on barley stand and yield, and control of grass weeds in field experiments during 1992 and 1993. Factors examined were: (1) crop planting patterns (conventional drill with rows 15 cm apart and deep-seeder drill with rows 25 cm apart), (2) herbicide application times (22 d before sowing and immediately before sowing), and (3) herbicide application. During 1993, hand-weeded plots also were established. Trifluralin applied preplant at 528 g ai/ha reduced weed density and biomass. Weed control was higher under conventional planting than under the deep planting pattern, and there was no effect of the time of application on herbicide efficacy. There was no herbicide injury to the crop, and grain yield was higher in treated than in untreated plots due to successful weed control.

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