scholarly journals Application timing of oxyfluorfen and halosufuron-methyl in onion (Allium cepa L.).

1969 ◽  
Vol 91 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Carlos J. Ruiz-Vargas ◽  
Elvin Román-Paoli ◽  
María de L. Lugo ◽  
Nelson Semidey
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Agricultural Experiment Station ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Better Than

During 2002 and 2003, two field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Experiment Station of Lajas to evaluate phytotoxicity and efficacy of weed control of oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene] and halosulfuron-methyl [methyl 5- [[(4,6-dimethoxy-2- pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonylaminosulfonyl]-3-chloro-1-methyl-1-H-pyrazole-4- carboxylate] applied on three different dates and at three rates after onion (Allium cepaL.) planting. In the first experiment, early applications of oxyfluorfen at 0.13 and 0.27 kg ai/ha at 5,10 and 15 days after onion emergence (DAE) were less phytotoxic (≤ 30%) than simultaneous applications of halosulfuron-methyl, which resulted 100% phytotoxic at 0.027 and 0.054 kg ai/ha. Ten days after each application the lowest weed density (seven plants per 0.5 m2) was obtained with the oxyfluorfen treatment at 15 DAE; however, twenty days later the lowest weed density (five plants per 0.5 m2) resulted from the application at 5 DAE. Greater weed densities were obtained with both rates of halosulfuron-methyl (≥52 plants per 0.5 m2), regardless of application timing. In the second experiment, the applications of halosulfuronmethyl at 35 DAE to plots previously treated with oxyfluorfen at 5, 10 and 15 DAE, caused severe damage (≥80%) to onion. In relation to weed control, the best combination of both herbicides was the application of oxyfluorfen at 10 DAE followed by halosulfuron-methyl at 35 DAE; however, this treatment was not significantly better than the application of oxyfluorfen alone at 10 DAE. The use of oxyfluorfen alone at 10 DAE resulted in higher onion yield and bulb number than any of the other herbicide treatments. Halosulfuronmethyl application reduced onion yield by more than 97%; therefore, the use of this herbicide in this crop should be avoided. Key words: weed density, phytotoxicity, herbicides in this crop should be avoided.

Weed control and crop tolerance of micro-encapsulated acetochlor applied sequentially in glyphosate-resistant soybean

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 973-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Mayank S. Malik ◽  
John B. Willis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Green Foxtail

Jhala, A. J., Malik, M. S. and Willis, J. B. 2015. Weed control and crop tolerance of micro-encapsulated acetochlor applied sequentially in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 973–981. Acetochlor, an acetamide herbicide, has been used for many years for weed control in several crops, including soybean. Micro-encapsulated acetochlor has been recently registered for preplant (PP), pre-emergence (PRE), and post-emergence (POST) application in soybean in the United States. Information is not available regarding the sequential application of acetochlor for weed control and soybean tolerance. The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of application timing of micro-encapsulated acetochlor applied in tank-mixture with glyphosate in single or sequential applications for weed control in glyphosate-resistant soybean, and to determine its impact on soybean injury and yields. Field experiments were conducted at Clay Center, Nebraska, in 2012 and 2013, and at Waverly, Nebraska, in 2013. Acetochlor tank-mixed with glyphosate applied alone PP, PRE, or tank-mixed with flumioxazin, fomesafen, or sulfentrazone plus chlorimuron provided 99% control of common waterhemp, green foxtail, and velvetleaf at 15 d after planting (DAP); however, control declined to ≤40% at 100 DAP. Acetochlor tank-mixed with glyphosate applied PRE followed by early POST (V2 to V3 stage of soybean) or late POST (V4 to V5 stage) resulted in ≥90% control of common waterhemp and green foxtail, reduced weed density to ≤2 plants m−2 and biomass to ≤12 g m−2, and resulted in soybean yields >3775 kg ha−1. The sequential applications of glyphosate plus acetochlor applied PP followed by early POST or late POST resulted in equivalent weed control to the best herbicide combinations included in this study and soybean yield equivalent to the weed free control. Injury to soybean was <10% in each of the treatments evaluated. Micro-encapsulated acetochlor can be a good option for soybean growers for controlling grasses and small-seeded broadleaf weeds if applied in a PRE followed by POST herbicide program in tank-mixture with herbicides of other modes of action.

scholarly journals Preplant and postemergence herbicide treatments for weed control in direct-seeded and transplantedcalabaza (Cucurbita moschata)

1969 ◽  
Vol 90 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Nelson Semidey ◽  
Agenol González-Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Agricultural Experiment Station ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Early Establishment ◽  
Better Than

Two field experiments were conducted at the Corozal Agricultural Experiment Station, Puerto Rico, in 2000 and 2001 to evaluate four herbicide treatments in direct-seeded and transplanted calabaza [Cucurbita moschata Duchesne (Poir)] cv. Soler. Herbicide treatments were 1) glyphosate (1.75 U ha) preplanting (PP); 2) glyphosate (1.75 L/ha, PP) followed by sethoxydim (0.31 kg ai/ha) postemergence from five to nine weeks after planting; 3) clomazone (0.50 kg ai/ha, PP); 4) mixture of clomazone (0.50 kg ai/ha) + glyphosate (1.75 L/ha, PP); and 5) control with hand-weeded cultivation. Predominant weeds in the experimental area were large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], jungle rice [Echinochloa colona (L.) Link], wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.), and niruri (Phyllanthus niruriL.). At three and six weeks after planting, grasses and total weed density were usually higher in 2000 than in 2001. In 2000, preplant clomazone alone or in mixture with glyphosate was more effective than glyphosate alone in reducing grasses and total weed densities at three weeks after planting. Differences in weed densities in general were non-significant among herbicide treatments in 2001. Also in 2001 hand-hoe cultivation was more effective reducing grasses and total weeds than preplant mixture of glyphosate plus clomazone or preplant glyphosate alone. Differences in weed dry weight at the end of the season as well as in calabaza yields were non-significant for herbicide treatments. Transplanted calabaza produced higher mean yields than direct-seeded calabaza both years. This result indicates that transplanted calabaza may compete better than direct-seeded calabaza under low weed population levels (two to 23 plants per 0.5 m2), given the advantage of the early establishment of transplants before appearance of weeds. 

scholarly journals Performance of paraquat and sethoxydim in arracacha

1969 ◽  
Vol 85 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
María de L. Lugo ◽  
Alvaro Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
University Of Puerto Rico ◽  
Agricultural Experiment Station ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Late Application ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
The University

Field experiments were conducted at the Adjuntas Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Puerto Rico during 1996 and 1998 to evaluate the efficacy of the herbicides paraquat and sethoxydim on arracacha. In 1996, no differences were found among the treatments for weed control four weeks after the first and second herbicide applications. Weed control ranged from 72% (two applications of sethoxydim) to 87% (hand weeding) at four weeks after herbicide application, and from 43% (one application of paraquat) to 97% (two applications of paraquat) at four weeks after the second herbicide application. There were no significant differences in yield between treatments with two applications of paraquat and that of hand weeding.The lowest yield (7,632 kg/ha) was obtained when sethoxydim was applied once. In the 1998 experiment, no differences in weed control were found among treatments at four weeks after the first herbicide application; weed control ranged from 81% (two applications of sethoxydim) to 98% (hand weeding). When rated at four weeks after the second herbicide application, the lowest weed control (84%) was obtained with one late application of paraquat. There were no significant differences in yield and number of corms per hectare among treatments.

The Effect of Trifluralin Applied Preplant on Grass Weed Control and Establishment and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio A. Scursoni ◽  
Emilio H. Satorre
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
And Control ◽  
Crop Planting ◽  
Grass Weed

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of preplant applications of trifluralin on barley stand and yield, and control of grass weeds in field experiments during 1992 and 1993. Factors examined were: (1) crop planting patterns (conventional drill with rows 15 cm apart and deep-seeder drill with rows 25 cm apart), (2) herbicide application times (22 d before sowing and immediately before sowing), and (3) herbicide application. During 1993, hand-weeded plots also were established. Trifluralin applied preplant at 528 g ai/ha reduced weed density and biomass. Weed control was higher under conventional planting than under the deep planting pattern, and there was no effect of the time of application on herbicide efficacy. There was no herbicide injury to the crop, and grain yield was higher in treated than in untreated plots due to successful weed control.

Synergism of Grass Weed Control with Postemergence Combinations of SAN 582 and Fluazifop-P, Imazethapyr, or Sethoxydim

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Scott ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Randall L. Ratliff ◽  
Larry J. Newsom
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Better Than

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate early postemergence (POST) tank mixtures of SAN 582 with fluazifop-P, imazethapyr, or sethoxydim. In the greenhouse, SAN 582 synergistically improved barnyardgrass, broadleaf signalgrass, and johnsongrass control from imazethapyr and sethoxydim. Half-rates of imazethapyr and sethoxydim tank-mixed with SAN 582 controlled grass weeds as well as full rates of either herbicide applied alone. Grass weed control with imazethapyr increased up to 40% with the addition of SAN 582. In field experiments, SAN 582 increased grass control with imazethapyr to a lesser degree than observed in the greenhouse. In a multispecies study, grass weed control increased up to 15% when SAN 582 was tank-mixed with a reduced rate of imazethapyr, although the full rate of imazethapyr applied POST with or without SAN 582 controlled grass weeds 80% or less. The combination of SAN 582 with sethoxydim was synergistic for barnyardgrass and johnsongrass control in this experiment. When applied POST in soybean, SAN 582 plus fluazifop-P or sethoxydim controlled barnyardgrass throughout the season better than a single POST application of a graminicide.

Utility of Clomazone for Annual Grass and Broadleaf Weed Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Leslie D. Fortner
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field experiments conducted in 1988 and 1989 evaluated clomazone alone and in a systems approach for weed control in peanut. Clomazone PPI at 0.8 kg ai/ha controlled common ragweed, prickly sida, spurred anoda, and tropic croton better than ethalfluralin and/or metolachlor applied PPI. POST application of acifluorfen plus bentazon was not needed to control these weeds when clomazone was used. Acifluorfen plus bentazon improved control of these weeds when clomazone was not used and generally were necessary to obtain peanut yields regardless of the soil-applied herbicides. Alachlor PRE did not improve clomazone control of any weed species evaluated. Fall panicum and large crabgrass control was similar with clomazone or clomazone plus ethalfluralin.

The Effect of Weed Density and Application Timing on Weed Control and Corn Grain Yield1

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW W. MYERS ◽  
WILLIAM S. CURRAN ◽  
MARK J. VANGESSEL ◽  
BRADLEY A. MAJEK ◽  
BARBARA A. SCOTT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Corn Grain

scholarly journals Light Transmission Through Colored Polyethylene Mulches Affects Weed Populations

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1302-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Ngouajio ◽  
Jeremy Ernest
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
High Light ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Light Quantity

Weed control is one of the benefits associated with the use of plastic mulches used for vegetable production. The mulches decrease light transmission and prevent development of most weed species. Plastics chemistry has developed films varying in their ability to reflect, absorb, and transmit light. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to 1) measure light transmitted through colored mulches, 2) evaluate weed populations under each mulch type, and 3) determine if light transmission could be used as an indicator for weed populations in the field. The polyethylene mulches were black, gray, infrared transmitting brown (IRT-brown), IRT-green, white, and white-on-black (co-extruded white/black). On average, 1%, 2%, 17%, 26%, 42%, and 45% light in the 400 to 1100 nm range was transmitted through the black, white/black, gray, IRT-brown, IRT-green, and white mulches, respectively. In field experiments, density and dry biomass of weeds growing under the mulches were evaluated. The white mulch had the highest weed density with an average of 39.6 and 155.9 plants/m2 in 2001 and 2002, respectively. This was followed by the gray mulch, with 10.4 and 44.1 weed seedlings/m2 in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Weed density was <25 plants/m2 with the other mulches in both years. Weed infestation was correlated with average light transmission for white, black, white/black, and gray mulches. However, both light quantity and quality were necessary to predict weed infestations with the IRT mulches. Weed infestation under the IRT mulches was better estimated when only wave lengths in the photosynthetically active radiation range (PAR; 400 to 700 nm) were considered. Low weed pressure and high light transmission with the IRT mulches would make them appropriate for use in areas where both weed control and soil warming are important factors.

Weed Control and Crop Injury in Ecofallow Corn (Zea mays) Using Imazethapyr

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-754
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Garold W. Mahnken ◽  
Gordon E. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Control Option ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Better Than

Imidazolinone-resistant and -tolerant corn hybrids give growers a new weed control option. Field experiments were conducted in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate imazethapyr for controlling weeds in no-till corn planted into winter wheat stubble in a winter wheat–ecofallow corn rotation. Imidazolinone-tolerant (IT) and imidazolinone-resistant (IR) corn were protected genetically from injury by imazethapyr that was applied preplant, preemergence, or postemergence to ‘Pioneer Brand 3417,’ ‘Pioneer Brand 3417 IR,’ ‘ICI Seeds 8532,’ and ‘ICI Seeds 8532 IT’ hybrids. No difference in corn injury occurred between IR and IT corn. Imazethapyr applied to resistant or tolerant corn hybrids could be used to control weeds in ecofallow corn. Imazethapyr at 35 or 70 g ai/ha controlled triazine-resistant kochia better than the standard herbicide treatment of metolachlor plus cyanazine.

scholarly journals Combination of Herbicide Band Application and Inter-Row Cultivation Provides Sustainable Weed Control in Maize

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Loddo ◽  
Laura Scarabel ◽  
Maurizio Sattin ◽  
Antonio Pederzoli ◽  
Chiara Morsiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Total Field ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Herbicide Use

Herbicides have facilitated weed management but their incorrect use can lead to environmental contamination. Reducing herbicide use by limiting their application to a band along the crop row can decrease their environmental impact. Three field experiments were conducted in North-eastern Italy to evaluate herbicide band application systems integrated with inter-row hoeing for silage maize. Post-emergence herbicide band application (sprayed area 50% of total field; herbicide dose 50% of that recommended, application with an inter-row cultivator prototype) was compared with pre-emergence band application (sprayed area 33% of total field; herbicide dose 33% of that recommended, application with a seeder) and pre-emergence broadcast application (sprayed area 100% of total field; full recommended herbicide dose, application with a boom sprayer) that is standard management for maize. Weed density and composition were evaluated before and after post-emergence herbicide application and at crop harvest. Crop yield was also recorded. Weed density in untreated areas ranged between 5 and 15 plants m−2 in the different experiments. Optimal weed control and good yields were achieved without significant differences between all treatments. Herbicide band application can provide optimal weed control in silage maize, at the same time allowing a relevant reduction of herbicide input.

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