Cost-Efficient Weed Control in Soybean (Glycine max) with Cultivation and Banded Herbicide Applications

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 990-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Poston ◽  
Edward C. Murdock ◽  
Joe E. Toler
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Band Width ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Seed Yields

Field studies were conducted in 1988 and 1989 to examine the interrelations of cultivation and herbicide band width in controlling pitted morningglory and sicklepod in soybean. Alachlor + imazaquin PRE followed by imazaquin + surfactant POST were not applied or were applied on bands 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 cm wide or were broadcast. Plots were cultivated zero, one, two, or three times. Without cultivation, at least a 60-cm wide band was needed to achieve maximum soybean seed yields. A slight linear increase in soybean seed yield in response to increasing band width was observed with one cultivation. With two cultivations, soybean seed yields were similar with and without herbicides, but a 15-cm wide herbicide band was needed to achieve maximum production with three cultivations. Greatest gross returns exclusive of weed management costs were realized with two or three cultivations and a 15-cm wide band.

Control of Annual Morningglories (Ipomoeaspp.) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele A. Barker ◽  
Lafayette Thompson ◽  
F. Michael Godley
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Ipomoea Coccinea ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Over The Top

Field studies were conducted in North Carolina in 1981 and 1982 to evaluate the efficacy of postemergence over-the-top and postemergence-directed herbicides for control of five morningglory species: entireleaf [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. var.integriusculaGray], tall [Ipomoea purpurea(L.) Roth. ♯3PHBPU], ivyleaf [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. var.hederacea♯IPOHE], pitted [Ipomoea lacunosa(L.) ♯ IPOLA], and scarlet [Ipomoea coccinea(L.) ♯IPOCC]. The glabrous morningglories (scarlet and pitted) were more easily controlled than the pubescent morningglories (ivyleaf, tall, and entireleaf). Lower soybean injury, higher morningglory control, and greater soybean seed yields were obtained with over-the-top herbicide applications at 4 weeks after planting (WAP) than at 6 WAP. Pitted morningglory was tolerant to low rates of 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid]. This herbicide applied over the top at the R1 stage of soybean growth produced low yields, probably as a result of morningglory interference and herbicide injury to the soybeans. Postemergence-directed applications of linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea] and metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] alone or in tank mixtures with 2,4-DB resulted in soybean injury that ranged from 12 to 36%. Highest soybean seed yields (equivalent to weed-free control) from postemergence-directed herbicides were obtained with applications of 2,4-DB, linuron, and a tank mixture of metribuzin and 2,4-DB.

Weed Control for Soybean (Glycine max) Planted in a Stale or Undisturbed Seedbed on Clay Soil

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry G. Heatherly ◽  
C. Dennis Elmore ◽  
Richard A. Wesley
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
No Till ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Made In

Field studies were conducted for three consecutive years to determine if PRE and/or POST herbicides were needed in addition to preplant foliar-applied glyphosate and POST cultivation for maximum seed yield of irrigated and nonirrigated soybean planted in stale and undisturbed seedbeds on clay soil. Soybean seed yields following the use of PRE and POST herbicides alone or in combination were similar in all years, and exceeded seed yield following the use of glyphosate plus POST cultivation only. Plantings made in no-till and fall-till seedbeds produced similar seed yields when both PRE and POST herbicides were used. These results indicate that glyphosate plus cultivation was not adequate for soybean in stale seedbed plantings, and that either PRE or POST herbicides, but not both, were required for maximum seed yield.

Chlorsulfuron and Metsulfuron Residues on Double-Cropped Soybeans (Glycine max)

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Ritter ◽  
Thomas C. Harris ◽  
Lisa M. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
No Till ◽  
Seed Yields

In field experiments in 1981, 36 g ai/ha of chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} applied to winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Arthur’) in early spring reduced seed yield in conventional and no-till plantings of double-cropped soybeans [Glycine max(L.) ‘Essex’]. From 1982 to 1984, three rates of chlorsulfuron (9, 18, and 36 g/ha) were applied at three different times (preemergence, early winter, and early spring) to study their residual effects on double-cropped soybeans. Chlorsulfuron at 36 g/ha applied preemergence or early spring reduced soybean seed yields when averaged over the 3-yr period. Metsulfuron {2-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] amino] sulfonyl] benzoic acid} was tested at three rates (4.5, 9, and 18 g/ha) applied at three times (same as chlorsulfuron) in field studies in 1983 and 1984. Metsulfuron did not injure subsequently planted no-till soybeans.

Recovery of Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) and Ivyleaf Morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) Following Applications of Acifluorfen, Fomesafen, and Lactofen

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery M. Higgins ◽  
Ted Whitwell ◽  
Edward C. Murdock ◽  
Joe E. Toler
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Seed Yields

Field experiments were conducted during 1985 and 1986 to determine the response of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Coker 156’], pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL. # IPOLA), and ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. # IPOHE] to acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid}, fomesafen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl) phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide}, and lactofen {(±)-2-ethoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl-5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-dinitrobenzoate}. Acifluorfen and lactofen were more phytotoxic to soybean 15 days after treatment (DAT) than fomesafen. All herbicides at low rates controlled 80% or more pitted morningglory. However, only the high rates (0.6 kg ai/ha) of acifluorfen and fomesafen controlled 80% or more ivyleaf morningglory 90 DAT. Full-season competition from untreated pitted morningglory reduced soybean seed yields 44 and 22% in 1985 and 1986, respectively, compared to 58 and 49% with untreated ivyleaf morningglory. Soybean seed yields were higher in plots receiving acifluorfen or fomesafen applications than lactofen applications.

Shade Development Effects on Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) Interference with Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Murdock ◽  
Philip A. Banks ◽  
Joe E. Toler
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Uniform Population

‘Ransom’, ‘Govan’, and ‘Bragg’ soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] were seeded in 30-, 61-, and 91-cm row spacings to achieve a uniform population of 323 000 plants/ha. In 1979 and 1980, shade development within the row was similar for all row spacings, but 15 cm from the row the inflection point occurred earlier when soybeans were seeded at the 30-cm row spacing. In 1979, shading 30 cm from the row was similar with the 61- and 91-cm row spacings, but in 1980 the 61-cm row spacing provided earlier shading. Shading within the row and 15 and 30 cm from the row was similar for all cultivars in 1979, but Govan and Bragg shaded row middles earlier than Ransom at the 91-cm row spacing. In 1980, shade development in the row was similar for all cultivars, but delayed shading was observed between the rows with Ransom. In 1979, maximum soybean seed yields were produced with 2, 2, and 0 weed-free weeks at the 30-, 61-, and 91-cm row spacings, respectively. In 1980, 2 weed-free weeks prevented soybean seed yield reductions at all row spacings. In 1979, Ransom, Bragg, and Govan required 4, 2, and 0 weed-free weeks, respectively, for maximum seed yields. In 1980, all cultivars achieved maximum seed yields with 2 weed-free weeks.

Postemergence Weed Management Systems for Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
T. Vint Hicks ◽  
Tracy A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Pitted Morningglory

Field studies were conducted from 1985 to 1987 to evaluate postemergence herbicide systems with preemergence systems to control Texas panicum, Florida beggarweed, sicklepod, and pitted morningglory in peanuts. Adding paraquat at 0.14 kg ai/ha to postemergence herbicide systems reduced fresh weight of Florida beggarweed 92% (18% increase over the same systems without paraquat), sicklepod 95% (21% increase), and pitted morningglory 95% (11% increase). Herbicide systems containing paraquat improved peanut yields by 230 kg/ha and net returns by $52/ha over herbicide systems not containing paraquat. Fluazifop-P and sethoxydim systems reduced Texas panicum fresh weight (at least 96%) more than a preemergence system (92% reduction) that used benefin applied preplant incorporated and alachlor plus naptalam and dinoseb applied at cracking (GC) or a postemergence system that used alachlor and naptalam plus dinoseb GC and paraquat applied early postemergence (86% reduction). Systems containing fluazifop-P provided greater yields (4190 kg/ha) and net returns ($383/ha) than systems containing sethoxydim (4010 kg/ha, $305/ha) when averaged across all rates of application.

Soybean (Glycine max) and Rotational Crop Response to PPI Chlorimuron, Clomazone, Imazaquin, and Imazethapyr

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Krausz ◽  
George Kapusta ◽  
Joseph L. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Rotational Crop

Field studies were conducted from 1989 to 1992 to evaluate soybean and rotational crop tolerance to PPI applications of chlorimuron (23 to 140 g ai/ha), clomazone (560 to 3360 g/ha), imazaquin (70 to 420 g/ha), and imazethapyr (53 to 310 g/ha). Soybean injury was evident only in 1989. Soybean height reduction 45 d after application increased linearly with increasing rates of chlorimuron, imazaquin, and imazethapyr. Chlorimuron at 140 g/ha and imazaquin at 420 g/ha reduced soybean height 120 d after planting. None of the herbicides influenced soybean density. Chlorimuron and imazaquin reduced soybean seed yield linearly as rates increased. None of the herbicides reduced subsequent wheat yield. Corn height reduction increased as the rate of imazaquin and imazethapyr increased. Imazethapyr and imazaquin caused 2 to 40% and 1 to 12% height reduction at 30 d after planting, respectively. Imazethapyr at 310 g/ha applied the previous year reduced corn height at 120 d after planting. There were no differences in corn density. Imazaquin and imazethapyr at 420 and 310 g/ha, respectively, applied the previous year reduced corn yield.

Joint Effects of Acifluorfen Applications and Soybean Thrips (Sericothrips variabilis) Feeding on Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 667-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy M. Huckaba ◽  
Harold D. Coble ◽  
John W. Van Duyn
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Soybean Thrips

Field studies were conducted during 1983 and 1984 to determine the single and interactive effects of trifluralin, soybean thrips, and the sodium salt of acifluorfen on soybean. Increased soybean injury was observed in 1983 when acifluorfen at 0.6 kg ai/ha was applied to soybeans infested with soybean thrips versus plants where soybean thrips were controlled. Soybean injury measured by percent defoliation and visual injury ratings was reduced when thrips were controlled versus soybeans where thrips were not controlled with carbaryl at 0.9 kg ai/ha in 1983. Soybean thrips alone did not reduce soybean seed yield in this study. Acifluorfen reduced soybean photosynthetic rate, shoot weight, root weight, and seed yield. Trifluralin had no effect on soybean growth parameters measured in this study.

Effect of numbers of Bradyrhizobium japonicum applied in commercial inoculants on soybean seed yield in Ontario

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Hume ◽  
D. H. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Cubic Equation ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Commercial Inoculants

In the absence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum populations in the soil, yields of field-grown soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) usually respond to inoculation with B. japonicum. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between numbers of B. japonicum per seed in inoculants and soybean nodulation and yield. A total of six field experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 on new soybean soils. In dilution trials, Grip inoculant was applied to provide approximately 106, 105, 104, and 103B. japonicum per seed at two locations in 1989. Nodule number and mass, as well as seed yield, increased curvilinearly upward with increasing log10 most probable numbers (MPNs) of B. japonicum. The yield response curve was best fit by a cubic equation, which accounted for 97% of the variation in yield. Seed yields increased 19% (1.83 to 2.13 Mg/ha) from 105 to 106B. japonicum per seed. In field experiments involving 8 commercial inoculants in 1989 and 10 in 1990, and conducted at two locations in each year, responses to increasing log MPNs in the inoculants also were concave upwards and cubic. In the two years, 78 and 46% of the yield variation was accounted for by log MPN per seed. Increasing MPN per seed from 105 to 106 improved yields in first-time fields by an average of 24%, indicating the present minimum standard of 105B. japonicum per seed should be increased. Key words: most probable numbers, response to inoculation, nodulation, Glycine max (L.) Merrill.

Weed Control and Yield with Flumioxazin, Fomesafen, andS-Metolachlor Systems for Glufosinate-Resistant Cotton Residual Weed Management

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley J. Everman ◽  
Scott B. Clewis ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Cotton Lint Yield

Field studies were conducted near Clayton, Lewiston, and Rocky Mount, NC in 2005 to evaluate weed control and cotton response to preemergence treatments of pendimethalin alone or in a tank mixture with fomesafen, postemergence treatments of glufosinate applied alone or in a tank mixture withS-metolachlor, and POST-directed treatments of glufosinate in a tank mixture with flumioxazin or prometryn. Excellent weed control (> 91%) was observed where at least two applications were made in addition to glufosinate early postemergence (EPOST). A reduction in control of common lambsquarters (8%), goosegrass (20%), large crabgrass (18%), Palmer amaranth (13%), and pitted morningglory (9%) was observed when residual herbicides were not included in PRE or mid-POST programs. No differences in weed control or cotton lint yield were observed between POST-directed applications of glufosinate with flumioxazin compared to prometryn. Weed control programs containing three or more herbicide applications resulted in similar cotton lint yields at Clayton and Lewiston, and Rocky Mount showed the greatest variability with up to 590 kg/ha greater lint yield where fomesafen was included PRE compared to pendimethalin applied alone. Similarly, an increase in cotton lint yields of up to 200 kg/ha was observed whereS-metolachlor was included mid-POST when compared to glufosinate applied alone, showing the importance of residual herbicides to help maintain optimal yields. Including additional modes of action with residual activity preemergence and postemergence provides a longer period of weed control, which helps maintain cotton lint yields.

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