Survey of Tillage Trends Following the Adoption of Glyphosate-Resistant Crops

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade A. Givens ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Greg R. Kruger ◽  
William G. Johnson ◽  
Stephen C. Weller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Crop History ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
Phone Survey ◽  
Herbicide Use

A phone survey was administered to 1,195 growers in six states (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Mississippi, Nebraska, and North Carolina). The survey measured producers' crop history, perception of glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds, past and present weed pressure, tillage practices, and herbicide use as affected by the adoption of GR crops. This article describes the changes in tillage practice reported in the survey. The adoption of a GR cropping system resulted in a large increase in the percentage of growers using no-till and reduced-till systems. Tillage intensity declined more in continuous GR cotton and GR soybean (45 and 23%, respectively) than in rotations that included GR corn or non-GR crops. Tillage intensity declined more in the states of Mississippi and North Carolina than in the other states, with 33% of the growers in these states shifting to more conservative tillage practices after the adoption of a GR crop. This was primarily due to the lower amount of conservation tillage adoption in these states before GR crop availability. Adoption rates of no-till and reduced-till systems increased as farm size decreased. Overall, producers in a crop rotation that included a GR crop shifted from a relatively more tillage-intense system to reduced-till or no-till systems after implementing a GR crop into their production system.

Influences of Conservation Tillage Practices on Farmland Soil Ecological Factors and Productive Benefits in Dryland Region with Triple Cropping System

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1880
Author(s):  
Long-Chang WANG ◽  
Cong-Ming ZOU ◽  
Yun-Lan ZHANG ◽  
Sai ZHANG ◽  
Xiao-Yu ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Farmland Soil

Simultaneous Adoption of Herbicide-Resistant and Conservation-Tillage Cotton Technologies

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland K. Roberts ◽  
Burton C. English ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
James A. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Bayes Theorem ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Simultaneous Adoption

If adoption of herbicide-resistant seed and adoption of conservation-tillage practices are determined simultaneously, adoption of herbicide-resistant seed could indirectly reduce soil erosion and adoption of conservation-tillage practices could indirectly reduce residual herbicide use and increase farm profits. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between these two technologies for Tennessee cotton production. Evidence from Bayes' theorem and a two-equation logit model suggested a simultaneous relationship. Mean elasticities for acres in herbicide-resistant seed with respect to the probability of adopting conservation-tillage practices and acres in conservation-tillage practices with respect to the probability of adopting herbicide-resistant seed were 1.74 and 0.24, respectively.

scholarly journals MODELING NO-TILL ADOPTION BY CORN AND SOYBEAN PRODUCERS: INSIGHTS INTO SUSTAINED ADOPTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
TARA WADE ◽  
ROGER CLAASSEN
Keyword(s):  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Private Benefits ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
No Till ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractNo-till acreage has increased in recent years, but many farmers alternate no-till with other tillage practices, limiting public and private benefits from sustained no-till adoption. Revealed preference data are used in an ordered logit regression analysis to determine the effect of soil characteristics, climate, regions, farm characteristics, and producer demographics on producers’ choices to use continuous tillage, alternate no-till systems with tillage systems, or continuously use no-till. The model provides insight into the characteristics and conditions that are conducive to each tillage regime. The attributes found to significantly affect continuous no-till use are erodibility classification, drainage, farm size, and climate.

scholarly journals The Effect of Previous Crop Residues and Tillage on Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dill-Macky ◽  
R. K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
No Till ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar

Effects of previous crop residues and tillage practices on Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat were examined. Fusarium head blight was monitored in plots of the FHB-susceptible spring wheat cultivar Norm following crops of corn, wheat, and soybeans in 1995, 1996, and 1997. Moldboard plow, chisel plow, and no-till treatments were imposed perpendicular to crop strips to establish a range of residue levels in each of the previous crop residues. Fusarium head blight incidence and severity were greatest when wheat followed corn and least when wheat followed soybeans. Incidence and severity were lower in moldboard plowed plots than in either chisel plowed or no-till plots, although differences among chisel plow and no-till treatments were not apparent. Yields of wheat were approximately 15% lower in plots where wheat followed corn or wheat than in wheat following soybeans and were 10% greater in moldboard plowed plots than in either chisel plowed or no-till treatments. The deoxynivalenol (DON) content of harvested grain was significantly correlated with FHB incidence and severity. The DON level in wheat following soybeans, averaged across tillage treatments, was 25% lower than in wheat following wheat and 50% of the level in wheat following corn. These findings suggest that changes in regional tillage practices, principally the move toward conservation tillage and reduced-till systems, contributed to the recent FHB epidemics in the Upper Midwest. Because differences in the type and quantity of crop residues in small plots affected disease development, it is likely that local sources of inoculum, such as those within a grower's field, contribute directly to the inoculum load and disease potential. The implication of these findings is that selection of cultural practices aimed to reduce inoculum-borne residues will assist in the control of FHB.

scholarly journals Effects of conservation tillage on soil porosity in maize-wheat cropping system

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tangyuan ◽  
H. Bin ◽  
J. Nianyuan ◽  
T. Shenzhong ◽  
L. Zengjia
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Capillary Porosity ◽  
Tillage Practices

A study was conducted on the effect of two single practices, including soil tillage and returning straw to soil, and their interaction on soil porosity of maize-wheat cropping system. Field experiments involved four tillage practices, including conventional tillage (C), zero-tillage (Z), harrow-tillage (H) and subsoil-tillage (S), with straw absent (A) or straw present (P). Total porosity, capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity of soil were investigated. The results showed that the soil total porosity of 0–10 soil layer was mostly affected; conventional tillage can increase the capillary porosity of soil, but the non-capillary porosity of S was the highest. Returning of straw can increase the porosity of soil. Through the analysis of affecting force, it can be concluded that interaction of soil tillage and straw is the most important factor to soil porosity, while the controlling factor to non-capillary porosity was soil tillage treatment.

scholarly journals Estimates of Conservation Tillage Practices Using Landsat Archive

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2665
Author(s):  
Peter C. Beeson ◽  
Craig S.T. Daughtry ◽  
Steven A. Wallander
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Additional Improvement ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Environmental Quality Incentives Program

The USDA Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) provides financial assistance to encourage producers to adopt conservation practices. Historically, one of the most common practices is conservation tillage, primarily the use of no-till planting. The objectives of this research were to determine crop residue using remote sensing, an indicator of tillage intensity, without using training data and examine its performance at the field level. The Landsat Thematic Mapper Series platforms can provide global temporal and spatial coverage beginning in the mid-1980s. In this study, we used the Normalized Difference Tillage Index (NDTI), which has proved to be robust and accurate in studies built upon training datasets. We completed 10 years of residue maps for the 150,000 km2 study area in South Dakota, North Dakota, and Minnesota and validated the results against field-level survey data. The overall accuracy was between 64% and 78% with additional improvement when survey points with suspect geolocation and satellite tillage estimates with fewer than four dates of Landsat images were excluded. This study demonstrates that, with Landsat Archive available at no cost, researchers can implement retrospective, untrained estimates of conservation tillage with sufficient accuracy for some applications.

Crop performance as affected by three opening configurations for no-till seeder in annual double cropping regions of northern China

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zonglu Yao ◽  
Hongwen Li ◽  
Huanwen Gao ◽  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Jin He
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
No Till ◽  
Crop Performance ◽  
Cone Index

The furrow opening configuration used by no-till seeders can have a major effect on crop emergence in conservation tillage systems. This is particularly important in annual double-cropping regions (winter wheat and summer maize) of northern China where large volumes of residue remain on the soil surface after maize harvesting. This problem has been investigated using 3 different opening configurations for no-till wheat seeding near Beijing in 2004–05 and 2005–06, and assessing performance in terms of soil disturbance, residue cover index, soil cone index, fuel consumption, winter wheat emergence, plant growth, and subsequent yield. In this cropping system, the single-disc opening configuration significantly decreased mean soil disturbance and increased residue cover index compared with the combined strip-chop and strip-till opening configurations, but winter wheat emergence was 6–9% less, probably due to greater levels of residue cover and greater seed zone soil cone index. Winter wheat growth after seeding in combined strip-chop and strip-till seeded plots was faster than that in single-disc seeded plots and mean yield was greater. The most suitable furrow opening configuration in heavy residue cover conditions appeared to be the strip-chop one, which can provide similar crop performance with marginally better fuel economy than the strip-till opening configuration. These results should be seen as preliminary, but they are still valuable for the design and selection of no-till wheat seeders for double cropping in this region of China.

Soil microbial and nematode communities as affected by glyphosate and tillage practices in a glyphosate-resistant cropping system

Weed Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konanani B. Liphadzi ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib ◽  
Curtis N. Bensch ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
J. Anita Dille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Field experiments were conducted at Ashland Bottoms in northeastern Kansas and at Hays in western Kansas in 2001, 2002, and 2003 to determine the response of soil microbial and nematode communities to different herbicides and tillage practices under a glyphosate-resistant cropping system. Conventional herbicide treatments were a tank mixture of cloransulam plusS-metolachlor plus sulfentrazone for soybean and a commercially available mixture of acetochlor and atrazine for corn. Glyphosate was applied at 1.12 kg ai ha−1when weeds were 10 or 20 cm tall in both corn and soybean. Soil samples were collected monthly at Ashland Bottoms during the growing period for soil microbial biomass (SMB) carbon determination. In addition, substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and BIOLOG substrate utilization were determined at the end of the growing season each year at Ashland Bottoms, and nematode populations were determined at the beginning and the end of the growing season at both sites. Direct effects of glyphosate rates on soil microbial and nematode communities were also studied in a controlled environment. Values for SMB carbon, SIR, and BIOLOG substrate utilization were not altered by glyphosate. Nematode community response to the glyphosate treatment was similar under both conventional tillage and no-till environments. Total nematode densities were similar with the glyphosate and conventional herbicide treatments. SMB carbon and BIOLOG substrate utilization did not differ between tillage treatments. Nematode densities were greater under conventional tillage than in the no-till system. This study showed that soil health when glyphosate was applied in a glyphosate-resistant cropping system was similar to that of cropping systems that used conventional herbicides.

scholarly journals Impact of Stale Seedbed Production on Seedling Diseases in Cotton

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 744-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Colyer ◽  
P. R. Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Seedling Disease ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Seedling Diseases

Cotton production using conservation tillage practices has increased in the past decade. Most studies involving reduced tillage have shown a reduction in plant populations, which has been attributed to seedling diseases. Although most of these studies have focused on no-till production, cotton planted in the mid-south is often planted using stale seedbeds. The objective of this research was to compare the effect of stale seedbed production and conventional tillage with and without in-furrow fungicides on the incidence and severity of seedling diseases. Tillage systems were established in the fall to focus on the effect of tillage on inoculum density and distribution and to minimize differences in the soil environment between tillage treatments. From 1998 to 2001, cotton was planted and seedling disease was evaluated by counting surviving plant populations, estimating stand uniformity, and conducting root and hypocotyl disease indices. Soil populations of Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia spp. were also estimated. Plant populations were significantly different between tillage treatments in 1998 and between in-furrow treatments in 2000. Skip variables were not different in any year. Soil populations of Rhizoctonia spp. were highly variable and not significantly different among treatments in any year. Populations of Pythium spp. were higher in stale seedbed plots in 2000 and 2001. There were no differences in seed cotton yield in any year. In this study, stale seedbed production increased the incidence and severity of seedling diseases of cotton in only one of four years, but the disease was effectively managed with the application of in-furrow fungicides. These results indicate that the potential for an increase in seedling diseases associated with stale seedbed production is minimal and is not sufficient to overlook the potential benefits of this tillage system.

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