Effects of Genipin at NO synthesis and Ischemia-Reperfusion Induced Oxidative Stress in Old Rat Hearts

Depression in cardiac performance due to ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with the development of oxidative stress and decreased sarcolemmal (SL) Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Since both I/R and oxidative stress have been reported to promote the occurrence of intracellular Ca2+ overload and activate proteases such as calpain, this study was undertaken to investigate whether the activation of calpain in I/R hearts is associated with alterations in the SL Na+/K+-ATPase activity and its isoform content. For this purpose, isolated rat hearts treated with and without 2 different calpain inhibitors (leupeptin and MDL28170) were subjected to 30 min ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion, and the cardiac function, SL Na+/K+-ATPase activity, Na+/K+-ATPase isoform protein content, and calpain activity were measured. The I/R-induced depressions in cardiac function, Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and protein content of Na+/K+-ATPase isoforms were associated with an increase in calpain activity , but were prevented by treatment of hearts with leupeptin. Incubation of SL membranes with calpain decreased the Na+/K+-ATPase activity and protein content of its isoforms; these changes were also attenuated by leupeptin. The I/R-induced alterations in cardiac function and the activity of SL Na+/K+-ATPase and calpain were Ca2+-dependent and were prevented by MDL28170, a specific inhibitor of calpain. The I/R-induced translocation of calpain isoforms (I and II) from the cytosol to SL and the changes in distribution of calpastatin were also attenuated by treatment with calpain inhibitors. These results suggest that the depression in cardiac function and SL Na+/K+-ATPase activity in I/R hearts may be due to changes in the activity and translocation of calpain.

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Antioxidant Solution in Combination with Angiotensin-(1-7) Provides Myocardial Protection in Langendorff-Perfused Rat Hearts

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2020/2862631 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Michaela Andrä ◽

Miriam Russ ◽

Susanne Jauk ◽

Mariana Lamacie ◽

Ingrid Lang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Myocardial Protection ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Organ Procurement ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Morphological Alteration ◽

Organ Shortage ◽

Cold Ischemia ◽

Rat Hearts ◽

Perfused Rat Hearts

As progressive organ shortage in cardiac transplantation demands extension of donor criteria, effort is needed to optimize graft survival. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, generated during organ procurement, transplantation, and reperfusion, contribute to acute and late graft dysfunction. The combined application of diverse substances acting via different molecular pathways appears to be a reasonable approach to face the complex mechanism of ischemia reperfusion injury. Thus, an antioxidant solution containing α-ketoglutaric acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, N-acetyl-L-methionine, and N-acetyl-selenium-L-methionine was combined with endogenous angiotensin-(1-7). Its capacity of myocardial protection was investigated in isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts subjected to warm and cold ischemia. The physiological cardiac parameters were assessed throughout the experiments. Effects were evaluated via determination of the oxidative stress parameters malondialdehyde and carbonyl proteins as well as immunohistochemical and ultrastructural tissue analyses. It was shown that a combination of 20% (v/v) antioxidant solution and 220 pM angiotensin-(1-7) led to the best results with a preservation of heart tissue against oxidative stress and morphological alteration. Additionally, immediate cardiac recovery (after warm ischemia) and normal physiological performance (after cold ischemia) were recorded. Overall, the results of this study indicate substantial cardioprotection of the novel combination with promising prospective for future clinical use.

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Determination of Oxidative Stress and Cardiac Dysfunction after Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Isolated Rat Hearts

Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery ◽

10.5761/atcs.oa.12.01896 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 186-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Hitoshi Inafuku ◽

Yukio Kuniyoshi ◽

Satoshi Yamashiro ◽

Katsuya Arakaki ◽

Takaaki Nagano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reperfusion Injury ◽

Cardiac Dysfunction ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Rat Hearts ◽

Isolated Rat

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Cardioprotective Function of Green Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) Extract Supplementation in Ex Vivo Ischemic Prediabetic Rat Hearts

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/a-1239-9236 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sybrand Engelbrecht Smit ◽

Claudine Manirafasha ◽

Erna Marais ◽

Rabia Johnson ◽

Barbara Huisamen

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Heart Function ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Insulin Independence ◽

Rat Hearts ◽

Insulin Dependence ◽

High Caloric Diet

AbstractDiabetic patients develop ischemic heart disease and strokes more readily. Following an ischemic event, restoration of blood flow increases oxidative stress resulting in myocardial damage, termed ischemia/reperfusion injury. Aspalathus linearis (rooibos), rich in the antioxidant phenolic compound aspalathin, has been implicated as cardioprotective against ischemia/reperfusion injury with undefined mechanism in control rats. Primarily, the therapeutic potential of Afriplex green rooibos extract to prevent ischemia/reperfusion injury in cardiovascular disease-compromised rats was investigated. Additionally, Afriplex Green rooibos extractʼs cardioprotective signaling on metabolic markers and stress markers was determined using western blotting. Three hundred male Wistar rats received either 16-wk standard diet or high-caloric diet. During the final 6 wk, half received 60 mg/kg/day Afriplex green rooibos extract, containing 12.48% aspalathin. High-caloric diet increased body weight, body fat, fasting serum triglycerides, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance – indicative of prediabetes. High-caloric diet rats had increased heart mass, infarct size, and decreased heart function. Afriplex green rooibos extract treatment for 6 wk lowered pre-ischemic heart rate, reduced infarct size, and improved heart function pre- and post-ischemia, without significantly affecting biometric parameters. Stabilized high-caloric diet hearts had decreased insulin independence via adenosine monophosphate activated kinase and increased inflammation (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase), whereas Afriplex green rooibos extract treatment decreased insulin dependence (protein kinase B) and conferred anti-inflammatory effect. After 20 min ischemia, high-caloric diet hearts had upregulated ataxia–telangiectasia mutated kinase decreased insulin independence, and downregulated insulin dependence and glycogen synthase kinase 3 β inhibition. In contrast, Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation downregulated insulin independence and inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2. During reperfusion, all protective signaling was decreased in high-caloric diet, while Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation reduced oxidative stress (c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1 and 2) and inflammation. Taken together, Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation for 6 wk preconditioned cardiovascular disease-compromised rat hearts against ischemia/reperfusion injury by lowering inflammation, oxidative stress, and heart rate.

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Deglycosylated ceruloplasmin maintains its enzymatic, antioxidant, cardioprotective, and neuronoprotective properties

Biochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1139/o01-125 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 489-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M'hammed Aouffen ◽

Joanne Paquin ◽

Eric De Grandpré ◽

Réginald Nadeau ◽

Mircea-Alexandru Mateescu

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Genetic Engineering ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Carbohydrate Moiety ◽

Native Protein ◽

Expression Systems ◽

Protective Actions ◽

Rat Hearts ◽

Isolated Rat

Ceruloplasmin (CP), an important serum antioxidant, is a blue copper glycoprotein with ferroxidase and oxidase activities. Among other physiological actions, plasma CP was shown to protect isolated rat hearts and cultured P19 neurons exposed to oxidative stress conditions, raising the possibility of using this protein in the treatment of cardiac and neuronal diseases related to oxidative damage. However, since therapeutic applications of CP must be compatible with restrictions in the administration of blood derivatives to humans, there is a need to produce the protein by genetic engineering. To help in the choice of adequate expression systems, we undertook this study to determine if the carbohydrate moiety on the protein is essential for its functions. CP was completely deglycosylated using N-glycosidase F under nondenaturing conditions. Deglycosylated CP was found to retain most of the conformational, antioxidant, and enzymatic properties of the native protein in vitro. Moreover, both forms of the protein had similar cardioprotective and neuronoprotective effects against oxidative stress as evaluated with isolated rat hearts undergoing ischemiareperfusion and with cultured P19 neurons exposed to xanthine xanthine oxidase. The data thus indicate that the carbohydrate moiety of CP is not essential for its enzymatic and protective actions. Accordingly, even the use of expression systems that do not glycosylate mammalian proteins could provide a recombinant CP that retains its therapeutic potential.Key words: copperproteins, protein-linked carbohydrates, ischemia-reperfusion, isolated rat hearts, cultured P19 neurons.

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Activation of proteolytic enzymes and depression of the sarcolemmal Na+/K+-ATPase in ischemia–reperfused heart may be mediated through oxidative stress

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y11-128 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 249-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Raja B. Singh ◽

Larry Hryshko ◽

Darren Freed ◽

Naranjan S. Dhalla

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cardiac Function ◽

Atpase Activity ◽

Proteolytic Enzymes ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

The Other ◽

Calpain Activity ◽

Rat Hearts ◽

Induced Changes ◽

Isolated Rat

We tested whether the activation of proteolytic enzymes, calpain, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) during ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) is mediated through oxidative stress. For this purpose, isolated rat hearts were subjected to a 30 min global ischemia followed by a 30 min reperfusion. Cardiac function was monitored and the activities of Na+/K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, calpain, and MMP were measured. Depression of cardiac function and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in I/R hearts was associated with increased calpain and MMP activities. These alterations owing to I/R were similar to those observed in hearts perfused with hypoxic medium, H2O2 and xanthine plus xanthine oxidase. The I/R-induced changes were attenuated by ischemic preconditioning as well as by perfusing the hearts with N-acetylcysteine or mercaptopropionylglycine. Inhibition of MMP activity in hearts treated with doxycycline depressed the I/R-induced changes in cardiac function and Na+/K+-ATPase activity without affecting the calpain activation. On the other hand, inhibition of calpain activity upon treatment with leupeptin or MDL 28170 significantly reduced the MMP activity in addition to attenuating the I/R-induced alterations in cardiac function and Na+/K+-ATPase activity. These results suggest that the I/R-induced depression in Na+/K+-ATPase and cardiac function may be a consequence of the increased activities of both calpain and MMP because of oxidative stress in the heart.

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Dexmedetomidine Protects against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Ameliorating Oxidative Stress and Cell Apoptosis through the Trx1-Dependent Akt Pathway

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/8979270 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Zhi-lin Wu ◽

Jacques Robert Jeppe Davis ◽

Yi Zhu

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Myocardial Ischemia ◽

Cardiac Function ◽

Cell Apoptosis ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Cardioprotective Effect ◽

Akt Pathway ◽

Rat Hearts ◽

Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Isolated Rat

Dexmedetomidine (Dex) was reported to reduce oxidative stress and protect against myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the molecular mechanism involved in its antioxidant property is not fully elucidated. The present study was aimed at investigating whether the Trx1/Akt pathway participated in the cardioprotective effect of Dex. In the present study, I/R-induced myocardial injury in isolated rat hearts and OGD/R-induced injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes were established. Our findings suggested that Dex ameliorated myocardial I/R injury by improving cardiac function, reducing myocardial apoptosis and oxidative stress, which was manifested by increased GSH and SOD contents, decreased ROS level, and MDA generation in both the isolated rat hearts and OGD/R-treated H9C2 cells. More importantly, it was found that the level of Trx1 was preserved, and Akt phosphorylation was significantly upregulated by Dex treatment. However, these effects of Dex were abolished by PX-12 (a specific Trx1 inhibitor) administration. Taken together, this study suggests that Dex plays a protective role in myocardial I/R injury, improves cardiac function, and relieves oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, our results present a novel signaling mechanism that the cardioprotective effect of Dex is at least partly achieved through the Trx1-dependent Akt pathway.

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Targeting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative stress attenuates nicotine-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93234-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anand Ramalingam ◽

Siti Balkis Budin ◽

Norsyahida Mohd Fauzi ◽

Rebecca H. Ritchie ◽

Satirah Zainalabidin

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Cardiac Remodeling ◽

Ventricular Dysfunction ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Nicotine Administration ◽

Mitochondrial Ros ◽

Rat Hearts

AbstractLong-term nicotine intake is associated with an increased risk of myocardial damage and dysfunction. However, it remains unclear whether targeting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) prevents nicotine-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. This study investigated the effects of mitoTEMPO (a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant), and resveratrol (a sirtuin activator) , on nicotine-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Sprague–Dawley rats were administered 0.6 mg/kg nicotine daily with 0.7 mg/kg mitoTEMPO, 8 mg/kg resveratrol, or vehicle alone for 28 days. At the end of the study, rat hearts were collected to analyze the cardiac structure, mitochondrial ROS level, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers. A subset of rat hearts was perfused ex vivo to determine the cardiac function and myocardial susceptibility to ischemia–reperfusion injury. Nicotine administration significantly augmented mitochondrial ROS level, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and inflammation in rat hearts. Nicotine administration also induced left ventricular dysfunction, which was worsened by ischemia–reperfusion in isolated rat hearts. MitoTEMPO and resveratrol both significantly attenuated the adverse cardiac remodeling induced by nicotine, as well as the aggravation of postischemic ventricular dysfunction. Findings from this study show that targeting mitochondrial ROS with mitoTEMPO or resveratrol partially attenuates nicotine-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction.

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Allopurinol Improves Cardiac Dysfunction After Ischemia-Reperfusion via Reduction of Oxidative Stress in Isolated Perfused Rat Hearts

Circulation Journal ◽

10.1253/circj.67.781 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 67 (9) ◽

pp. 781-787 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Yoshiharu Kinugasa ◽

Kazuhide Ogino ◽

Yoshiyuki Furuse ◽

Tetsuya Shiomi ◽

Hiroyuki Tsutsui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cardiac Dysfunction ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Rat Hearts ◽

Perfused Rat Hearts ◽

Isolated Perfused Rat Hearts

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Apocynum venetum Leaf Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x15500056 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (01) ◽

pp. 71-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Wenqing Wang ◽

Xiangyan Liang ◽

Dong Fu ◽

Ru Tie ◽

Wenjuan Xing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Myocardial Ischemia ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Chinese Medicinal Herb ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Rat Hearts ◽

Apocynum Venetum ◽

Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Oxidative Effects

Apocynum venetum, a Chinese medicinal herb, is reported to be neuroprotective. However, whether Apocynum venetum leaf extract (AVLE) protects against ischemic myocardium remains elusive. Our present study was aimed to observe the effects of AVLE preconditioning on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and to investigate the possible mechanisms. Rats were treated with AVLE (500 mg/kg/d, o.g.) or distilled water once daily for one week. Afterward, all the animals were subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 4 h of reperfusion. AVLE preconditioning for one week significantly improved cardiac function following MI/R. Meanwhile, AVLE reduced infarct size, plasma creatine kinase (CK)/lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and myocardial apoptosis at the end of reperfusion in rat hearts. Moreover, AVLE preconditioning significantly inhibited superoxide generation, gp91phox expression, malonaldialdehyde formation and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in I/R hearts. Furthermore, AVLE treatment increased Akt and extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylations in I/R rat heart. Either the Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin or the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 blocked AVLE-stimulated anti-oxidative effects and cardioprotection. Our study demonstrated for the first time that AVLE reduces oxidative stress and exerts cardioprotection against MI/R injury in rats.

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