Perls' Prussian blue stains of lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage, and sputum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ghio ◽  
Victor Roggli
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Lung Tissue

scholarly journals THE ACCUMULATION OF IRON IN TUBERCULOUS AREAS

1931 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valy Menkin ◽  
Miriam F. Menkin
Keyword(s):  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Ferric Chloride Solution ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Blue Reaction

Repeated daily intravenous injections of ferric chloride solution are followed by an accumulation of iron in tuberculous areas of lungs. The iron accumulates in the caseous areas of tubercles and is demonstrable by the Prussian blue reaction. Quantitative determinations corroborate these results and show that the iron content of lung tissue in tuberculous animals injected with ferric chloride exceeds that in normal animals injected with this salt, as well as that in non-injected tuberculous animals.

Target site pharmacokinetics of meropenem: Measurement in human explanted lung tissue by bronchoalveolar lavage, microdialysis and homogenized lung tissue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Paal ◽  
Christina Scharf ◽  
Ann Katrin Denninger ◽  
Luis Ilia ◽  
Charlotte Kloft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Intensive Care Patients ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Risk Patients

Objectives: Pneumonia is one of the most common infections in intensive care patients, and it is often treated with beta-lactam antibiotics. Even if therapeutic drug monitoring in blood is available, it is unclear whether sufficient concentrations are reached at the target site: the lung. The following study was initiated to fill this knowledge gap. Methods: Various compartments from ten patients` explanted lungs were subjected to laboratory analysis. Meropenem was quantified in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), microdialysate and homogenized lung tissue with isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS). BAL represents diluted epithelial lining fluid (ELF), and microdialysate represents interstitial fluid (IF). Differences between target site and blood concentrations were investigated. Results: The median meropenem concentration in blood, ELF, IF and tissue were 26.8, 18.0, 12.1 and 9.1 mg/L, respectively. A total of 37.5% of the target site ELF and IF meropenem concentrations were below the clinical EUCAST breakpoint of 8 mg/L. The median ELF/serum quotient was 61.8% (IQR: 24.8%, 87.6%), the median IF/serum quotient was 35.4% (IQR: 23.8%, 54.3%), and the median tissue/serum quotient was 34.2% (IQR: 28.3%, 38.2%). We observed a substantial interindividual variability between the blood and the compartments (ELF, IF), whereas the intraindividual variability was relatively low. Conclusions: Target site measurement in different lung compartments was feasible and successfully applied in a clinical setting. A relevant amount of 37.5% of the target site concentrations fell under the clinical EUCAST breakpoint, indicating subtherapeutic dosing in high-risk patients receiving perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in lung transplantation.

Some Studies on Human Pulmonary Mast Cells Obtained by Bronchoalveolar Lavage and by Enzymic Dissociation of Whole Lung Tissue

1987 ◽  
Vol 82 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.L. Pearce ◽  
K.C. Flint ◽  
K.B.P. Leung ◽  
B.N. Hudspith ◽  
K. Seager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Enzymic Dissociation

scholarly journals Premobilization of CD133+ progenitors is associated with attenuated inflammation-induced pulmonary dysfunction following extracorporeal circulation in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-220
Author(s):  
Dan Luo ◽  
Xinhao Liu ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Lei Du ◽  
Lin Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Dysfunction

Abstract OBJECTIVES Progenitor cells mobilized by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) have been shown to lessen acute kidney injury induced by extracorporeal circulation (ECC). Both acute kidney injury and lung injury are characterized by endothelial dysfunction. Our goal was to examine whether and how G-CSF-mobilized progenitors with endothelial capacity may help mitigate ECC-induced pulmonary dysfunction. METHODS G-CSF (10 μg/kg/day) was administered subcutaneously to C57BL/6 mice before or at the initiation of the ECC process, after which lung injury was assessed by measuring neutrophils in the fluid from bronchoalveolar lavage and determining the pathological score in lung tissue. CD133+ progenitors were isolated and injected into C57BL/6 mice before ECC in vivo. We incubated the CD133+ cells with pulmonary monocytes or neutrophils isolated from naïve mice in vitro. RESULTS Pretreatment with G-CSF for 2 days significantly decreased the number of neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the pathological score (P < 0.01; n = 5) improved the PaO2/FiO2 ratio [193.4 ± 12.7 (ECC without G-CSF) vs 305.6 ± 22.6 mmHg (ECC with G-CSF); P = 0.03, n = 5] and suppressed neutrophil elastase and tumour necrosis factor-α levels in the circulation; we also observed increases in both circulating and pulmonary populations of CD133+ progenitors. Similar effects were observed in animals pretreated with CD133+ progenitors instead of G-CSF before ECC. The majority of CD133+/CD45− and CD133+/CD45+ progenitors were mobilized in the lung and in the circulation, respectively. Incubating CD133+ progenitors with neutrophils or pulmonary monocytes blocked lipopolysaccharide-induced release of inflammatory factors. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that pretreatment of G-CSF attenuates ECC-induced pulmonary dysfunction through inhibiting the inflammatory response in lung tissue and in the circulation with associated premobilization of CD133+ progenitors.

Some further properties of human pulmonary mast cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage and enzymic dispersion of lung tissue

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 213-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. P. Leung ◽  
K. C. Flint ◽  
B. N. Hudspith ◽  
J. Brostoff ◽  
N. McI. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Lung Tissue

Diagnosis of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia 

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Papazian ◽  
Amapola Autillo-Touati ◽  
Pascal Thomas ◽  
Fabienne Bregeon ◽  
Louise Garbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Sampling Procedures

Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) requires early diagnosis and adequate antibiotic therapy. The aim of this prospective postmortem study was to assess the accuracy of direct examination and quantification of intracellular organisms (ICO) for the diagnosis of VAP. Methods Total and differential cell counts were performed on fluids recovered using nonbronchoscopic sampling techniques (blind bronchial sampling [BBS], mini-bronchoalveolar lavage [mini-BAL]) and from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) performed during fiberscopy. These 3 sampling techniques were done within 15 min of death without discontinuing mechanical ventilation. Quantification of ICO was performed on each sample recovered from the various sampling procedures. Gram reaction and morphology of bacteria were evaluated on Gram smears. Results The results of each technique were compared with histology and culture of lung tissue specimens obtained by surgical pneumonectomies in 28 patients who died after at least 72 h of mechanical ventilation. Histology was positive in 13 patients and negative in 15 patients. When only VAP with positive lung culture was considered (histologic signs of bronchopneumonia plus positive lung tissue culture), the sensitivity of Gram staining on BAL, mini-BAL, and BBS was 56%, 44%, and 56%, respectively. If all samples were considered, the sensitivity and the specificity of the determination of the percentage of ICO were low (less than 70%) whatever the sampling technique. Conclusions For initial therapeutic guidance, direct examination and presence of ICO do not contribute for establishing the diagnosis of VAP, essentially because of a lack of sensitivity. However, when positive, Gram staining can obviously guide initial antibiotherapy.

scholarly journals Effect of N-acetyl cysteine on the concentrations of thiols in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue.

Thorax ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 670-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Bridgeman ◽  
M Marsden ◽  
C Selby ◽  
D Morrison ◽  
W MacNee
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine
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