High Concentrations of Reactive Oxygen Species in the BAL Fluid Are Correlated with Lung Injury in Rabbits after Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation

AbstractGlobally landscape fires produce about 256 Tg of pyrogenic carbon or charcoal each year. The role of charcoal as a source of environmentally persistent free radicals, which are precursors of potentially harmful reactive oxygen species, is poorly constrained. Here, we analyse 60 charcoal samples collected from 10 wildfires, that include crown as well as surface fires in forest, shrubland and grassland spanning different boreal, temperate, subtropical and tropical climate. Using electron spin resonance spectroscopy, we measure high concentrations of environmentally persistent free radicals in charcoal samples, much higher than those found in soils. Concentrations increased with degree of carbonization and woody fuels favoured higher concentrations. Moreover, environmentally persistent free radicals remained stable for an unexpectedly long time of at least 5 years. We suggest that wildfire charcoal is an important global source of environmentally persistent free radicals, and therefore potentially of harmful reactive oxygen species.

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Development, characterization and first deployment of an improved online reactive oxygen species analyzer

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ◽

10.5194/amt-11-65-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 65-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jun Zhou ◽

Emily A. Bruns ◽

Peter Zotter ◽

Giulia Stefenelli ◽

André S. H. Prévôt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Detection Limit ◽

Atmospheric Aerosols ◽

Half Life ◽

Matrix Effects ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Wood Combustion ◽

Storage Duration ◽

High Concentrations

Abstract. Inhalation of atmospheric particles is linked to human diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) present in these atmospheric aerosols may play an important role. However, the ROS content in aerosols and their formation pathways are still largely unknown. Here, we have developed an online and offline ROS analyzer using a 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) based assay. The ROS analyzer was calibrated with H2O2 and its sensitivity was characterized using a suite of model organic compounds. The instrument detection limit determined as 3 times the noise is 1.3 nmol L−1 for offline analysis and 2 nmol m−3 of sampled air when the instrument is operated online at a fluorescence response time of approximately 8 min, while the offline method detection limit is 18 nmol L−1. Potential interferences from gas-phase O3 and NO2 as well as matrix effects of particulate SO42− and NO3− were tested, but not observed. Fe3+ had no influence on the ROS signal, while soluble Fe2+ reduced it if present at high concentrations in the extracts. Both online and offline methods were applied to identify the ROS content of different aerosol types, i.e., ambient aerosols as well as fresh and aged aerosols from wood combustion emissions. The stability of the ROS was assessed by comparing the ROS concentration measured by the same instrumentation online in situ with offline measurements. We also analyzed the evolution of ROS in specific samples by conducting the analysis after storage times of up to 4 months. The ROS were observed to decay with increasing storage duration. From their decay behavior, ROS in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) can be separated into short- and long-lived fractions. The half-life of the short-lived fraction was 1.7 ± 0.4 h, while the half-life of the long-lived fraction could not be determined with our uncertainties. All these measurements showed consistently that on average 60 ± 20 % of the ROS were very reactive and disappeared during the filter storage time. This demonstrates the importance of a fast online measurement of ROS.

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A Role for Romo1-Mediated Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Lung Injury

Free Radical Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.10.160 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. S59-S60

Author(s):

JungAr Shin ◽

JinSil Chung ◽

Young Do Yoo ◽

HyungJung Kim

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Lung Injury ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species Production ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Species Production

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Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Protection and Lung Injury

ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress in Adults ◽

10.1007/978-1-4899-3430-7_11 ◽

1996 ◽

pp. 167-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John M. C. Gutteridge ◽

Gregory J. Quinlan

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Lung Injury ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Antioxidant Protection

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Phorbol myristate acetate-induced lung injury: Involvement of reactive oxygen species

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation ◽

10.3109/00365519209115522 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 52 (7) ◽

pp. 753-761 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Okuda ◽

H.-C. Lee ◽

B. Chance ◽

P. J. Cohent ◽

C. Kumar

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Lung Injury ◽

Phorbol Myristate Acetate ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Myristate Acetate

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Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer Progression: Molecular Mechanisms and Recent Advancements

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom9110735 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 735 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Vaishali Aggarwal ◽

Hardeep Tuli ◽

Ayşegül Varol ◽

Falak Thakral ◽

Mukerrem Yerer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein ◽

High Concentrations

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in biological processes and continuous ROS production in normal cells is controlled by the appropriate regulation between the silver lining of low and high ROS concentration mediated effects. Interestingly, ROS also dynamically influences the tumor microenvironment and is known to initiate cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and survival at different concentrations. At moderate concentration, ROS activates the cancer cell survival signaling cascade involving mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (MAPK/ERK1/2), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/ protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), which in turn activate the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). At high concentrations, ROS can cause cancer cell apoptosis. Hence, it critically depends upon the ROS levels, to either augment tumorigenesis or lead to apoptosis. The major issue is targeting the dual actions of ROS effectively with respect to the concentration bias, which needs to be monitored carefully to impede tumor angiogenesis and metastasis for ROS to serve as potential therapeutic targets exogenously/endogenously. Overall, additional research is required to comprehend the potential of ROS as an effective anti-tumor modality and therapeutic target for treating malignancies.

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Impacts of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants on Semen Functions

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.4061/2011/686137 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 154

Author(s):

Amrit Kaur Bansal ◽

G. S. Bilaspuri

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Sperm Quality ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

The Body ◽

Atp Depletion ◽

Contributory Factor ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

High Concentrations

Oxidative stress (OS) has been considered a major contributory factor to the infertility. Oxidative stress is the result of imbalance between the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in the body which can lead to sperm damage, deformity, and eventually male infertility. Although high concentrations of the ROS cause sperm pathology (ATP depletion) leading to insufficient axonemal phosphorylation, lipid peroxidation, and loss of motility and viability but, many evidences demonstrate that low and controlled concentrations of these ROS play an important role in sperm physiological processes such as capacitation, acrosome reaction, and signaling processes to ensure fertilization. The supplementation of a cryopreservation extender with antioxidant has been shown to provide a cryoprotective effect on mammalian sperm quality. This paper reviews the impacts of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species on spermatozoa functions, causes of ROS generation, and antioxidative strategies to reduce OS. In addition, we also highlight the emerging concept of utilizing OS as a tool of contraception.

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Secretion of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 by Neutrophils Involves Reactive Oxygen Species and Potassium Efflux

Journal of Immunology Research ◽

10.1155/2015/296149 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Mélanie R. Tardif ◽

Julie Andrea Chapeton-Montes ◽

Alma Posvandzic ◽

Nathalie Pagé ◽

Caroline Gilbert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Human Neutrophils ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Potassium Efflux ◽

Proinflammatory Mediators ◽

Cytoplasmic Proteins ◽

Secretion Pathways ◽

High Concentrations

S100A8/A9 (calprotectin) and S100A12 proinflammatory mediators are found at inflammatory sites and in the serum of patients with inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. These cytoplasmic proteins are secreted by neutrophils at sites of inflammation via alternative secretion pathways of which little is known. This study examined the nature of the stimuli leading to S100A8/A9 and S100A12 secretion as well as the mechanism involved in this alternative secretion pathway. Chemotactic agents, cytokines, and particulate molecules were used to stimulate human neutrophils. MSU crystals, PMA, and H2O2induced the release of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 homodimers, as well as S100A8/A9 heterodimer. High concentrations of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 were secreted in response to nanoparticles like MSU, silica, TiO2, fullerene, and single-wall carbon nanotubes as well as in response to microbe-derived molecules, such as zymosan or HKCA. However, neutrophils exposed to the chemotactic factors fMLP failed to secrete S100A8/A9 or S100A12. Secretion of S100A8/A9 was dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species and required K+exchanges through the ATP-sensitive K+channel. Altogether, these findings suggest that S100A12 and S100A8/A9 are secreted independently either via distinct mechanisms of secretion or following the activation of different signal transduction pathways.

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Association of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Reactive Oxygen Species: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Posttrauma Acute Lung Injury

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2010/916425 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Meng Xiang ◽

Janet Fan ◽

Jie Fan

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Acute Lung Injury ◽

Lung Injury ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Therapeutic Target ◽

Major Trauma ◽

Pulmonary Inflammation ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species

Acute lung injury (ALI) frequently occurs in traumatic patients and serves as an important component of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Hemorrhagic shock (HS) that results from major trauma promotes the development of SIRS and ALI by priming the innate immune system for an exaggerated inflammatory response. Recent studies have reported that the mechanism underlying the priming of pulmonary inflammation involves the complicated cross-talk between Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interactions between neutrophils (PMNs) and alveolar macrophages (AMϕ) as well as endothelial cells (ECs), in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the key mediator. This paper summarizes some novel mechanisms underlying HS-primed lung inflammation focusing on the role of TLRs and ROS, and therefore suggests a new therapeutic target for posttrauma ALI.

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