Bucharest at the Crossroads

PMLA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
Roxana Verona
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The Road ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Implicitly Measured

When, at the beginning of the twentieth century, bucharest was called “little Paris,” the nickname implicitly measured the distance that Romania had covered on the road to modernization and westernization. The process was slow, because there were huge discrepancies between the efforts of a minority elite pushing for the entrance of the country “into Europe” and the indifference of a majority population with minimal standards of living. Despite important events favorable to the country's development—the union of the Romanian principalities (Moldavia and Walachia) in 1859 and its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1878—Romania was, for most of the nineteenth century, still a province of the Ottoman Empire.

Genius Loci

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Jonah Raskin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Jack London ◽  
Grapes Of Wrath ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
On The Road

This essay takes a literary journey to Jack London State Historic Park, the National Steinbeck Center, and the Beat Museum. An exploration of the shrines that are devoted to writers and which attract readers from around the world as well as close to home, the essay explores California’s identity as a cultural destination for tourists as well as for natives of the Golden State. By linking specific geographical places, such as Glen Ellen, Salinas, and San Francisco to books and to their authors, California’s literary shrines weave a kind of cultural magic that transcends time and place and invigorates twentieth-century classics such as Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath, Kerouac’s On the Road, and Jack London’s The Iron Heel.

The first traffic accidents involving cars in Kharkiv in the early twentieth century (based on materials from the local press)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
On The Road

Research aim is to establish the history of the first road accidents involving cars in Kharkiv in the early twentieth century. Research methodology. The article discusses the road accidents involving cars as one of the aspects of the emergence and development of new vehicles and ways of communication "traffic" in Kharkov in the early twentieth century from the point of view of the concept of modernization of urban space. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the historiography the history ofthe road accidents involving cars in Kharkov in the early twentieth century was the subject of special research. The publications from the newspapers «Yuzhnyj Kraj» («South Land») and «Utro» («Morning») newspapers revealed a number of testimonies of the first car accidents involving cars in Kharkiv in the early 20th century. The typical causes, circumstances, course and consequences of such incidents are established. Conclusions. It was found that the first car accidents were caused primarily by the unusualness of the new vehicle for traditional road users in time pedestrians, carriages and, especially, horses, which frightened the unusual view and high speed of automatic crews, the roar of their previous engines, known as time of movement of smoke and smoke, loud exhausts, internal combustion engines and various horns and even «sirens». Factors such as the poor quality of driver training and / or the irresponsibility of individual drivers when driving on city streets also played an important role in some cases. The most known example of dangerous behavior on the road was the case of a nobleman O. L. Samoilov (owner and driver of the infamous newspaper «Red Car»), who regularly consciously ensures the safety of road users. This has led to frequent road accidents involving schoolchildren of varying severity from other road users  people, animals (horses, dogs) and vehicles. At the same place on carriages and features of pedestrians who are accustomed to traffic on city streets. For a long time, they did not report the changes caused by the appearance of dozens of cars on the streets of Kharkiv and neglected their own safety, behaving carelessly.

Genesis, Development, and Closure of the Darülfünun

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-121
Author(s):  
Ekmeleddİn İhsanoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The Political ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Islamic Culture

Part I explains the emergence of the educational tradition and the idea of a darülfünun [House of Sciences]. There had been several attempts to build a university, and each attempt had failed for different reasons. Part I discusses the socioeconomic reasons of such attempts and their failures. As far as education was concerned, the Ottomans inherited the academic institutions and traditions that had proliferated under the rule of their political predecessors, the Seljuk Turks (1037–1194). These charitably funded centers of learning had been in continuous existence since the founding of the Ottoman Empire until its end in the first quarter of the twentieth century. Until the nineteenth century, the Ottomans continued to seek answers to their most pressing intellectual and practical problems from within Islamic culture and its institutions of learning. It was only after the Ottoman government was compelled to face the political advance of Europe that Ottoman administrators turned their attention westward for scientific and pedagogical inspiration.

Vitalist Nation

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-435
Author(s):  
John A. McClure
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Twentieth Century America

This article describes romantic vitalism as a postsecular tradition of energy mysticism and traces its elaboration over the last two centuries. It identifies a tension in vitalist thinking, which can tend either toward unregulated self-assertion or toward the proposition that “everything that lives is holy” and deserving of respect. This tension emerges in Blake, Whitman, and Nietzsche. And it distinguishes two of the most important literary manifestos of mid-twentieth century America, Rand’s Atlas Shrugged and Kerouac’s On the Road. Published in 1957 and immediate bestsellers, these works suggest an America divided by its allegiance to contradictory forms of vitalism.

Naturalizing the market on the road to revisionism: Bruce Caldwell'sHayek's challengeand the challenge of Hayek interpretation

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP MIROWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Road ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
On The Road

Abstract:Bruce Caldwell'sHayek's Challengeshould be welcomed as the first serious book on one of the most important thinkers of the twentieth century. However, this review begins by pointing out a number of curious omissions and silences concerning Hayek's career in the book. We propose that the key to understanding the turns and reversals in his thought lay in his politics, and not as Caldwell has it, in some abstract philosophical doctrines. Central to that thesis is Hayek's fostering the development of Neoliberalism through such institutional structures as the Mont Pèlerin Society.

The Recuperation of Sovereign Rights by Asian Countries, circa 1870–1945: From Capitulations to Equal Relations, the Dutch Experience

Itinerario ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Bootsma
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Far East ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
European Colonialism ◽  
Dutch Experience

Western expansion in Asia during the nineteenth and early twentieth century resulted in two different groups of Asian countries: those which fell victim to European colonialism and those which managed to maintain the basis of their sovereign rights. This contribution will concentrate on the second group, including not only the countries of the so-called Far East but those of the Middle Eastern Ottoman Empire as well. The link between these two otherwise separate worlds is the concept of consular jurisdiction. It originated in the Islamic world and was transplanted by the West to China, Japan and Siam in the second half of the nineteenth century. In the twentieth, it became the touchstone in the relations of the Asian countries with the West in their struggle for equality.

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