Kharkiv volume of a multi-volume encyclopedic edition«Collection of monuments of history and culture of Ukraine». History and current state (last quarter XX – beginning of the XXI century)

Research aim is a comprehensive analysis of the state of preparation of the Kharkiv volume of the multi-volume encyclopedic edition "Collection of monuments of history and culture of Ukraine" from the 1980s – early XXI century and its impact on the field of monument science and monument protection. Research methodology. The article examines the formation of the Kharkiv volume of the multi-volume encyclopedic edition "Collection of Monuments of History and Culture of Ukraine" in the context of a nationwide encyclopedic project in terms of the principles of historicism, system, interdisciplinarity, objectivity, analysis and synthesis. Scientific novelty. In the modern normative system of cultural heritage protection, historical and interdisciplinary research, an important part of measures to protect and promote national cultural heritage in Ukraine and the world and a separate subject of study is "Collection of monuments of history and culture of Ukraine" - fundamental, multidisciplinary, encyclopedic, scientific reference publication, which covers all known in its territory immovable monuments - archeology, history, architecture, urban planning, monumental art, science and technology, which have historical, scientific or artistic value. Conclusions. Having analyzed the main normative principles, legal acts, orders and directives, due to which the functioning of the Code was started, both in Ukraine in information on monuments, changes in administrative-territorial structure and socio-political moments, as well as current experience and the state of preparation of the Kharkiv volume of the publication, we can conclude that the project "Collection of monuments of history and culture of Ukraine" is not only a publication that carries a normative and encyclopedic load. The Code is a scientific basis for compiling the State Register of Immovable Objects of Historical and Cultural Heritage, but it differs in that it contains the most studied number of immovable objects of cultural heritage, not only those that are under state protection. This nationwide project is able to improve the historical and local lore movement, intensify the excursion and tourism component of the region, as well as become the basis for the creation of new modern information resources in the field of protection and research of monuments.

Hunting customs, beliefs and prohibitons (based on field materials from Zhytomyr Polissia)

Customary norms, taboos, folk knowledge iand worldviews related to the hunting industry are considered on the basis of expedition materials from Luhyny, Novohrad-Volynskyi, Yemilchynskyi and Korostenskyi districts of Zhytomyr region. Field materials that illustrate the main provisions of the article are given. The goal of the study is to study the traditional hunting customs, beliefs and prohibitions that have formed in Zhytomyr Polissia. The methodological basis of the study are the methods of historical sciences, the principles of objectivity, complexity, historicity, systematics; methods of analysis and synthesis, typological, comparative-historical. The ethnological method of field surveys on the author's questionnaires was applied; information was collected by the cluster method. The scientific novelty of the article is that for the first time in the Ukrainian ethnological literature it covers the customs, rituals and prohibitions concerning firearms, success in the craft of Zhytomyr Polissya. The beliefs associated with the first shot from a new rifle, the causes of its “damage” and the main ways of “correction” are analyzed. The degree of preservation in the region of ancient beliefs about the prohibition of a woman's contact with hunting equipment and the customs of ritual purity of the hunter has been clarified. The attitude of modern hunters to ancient rituals is shown. The degree of preservation of beliefs in the old woman, a woman with a “bad eye”, empty buckets, as well as a cat and a hare. Preservation of some signs of successful hunting is noted, among which - not to wash and not to shave, prophetic dreams. Prohibition of seeking God’s help in the craft and observance of customary hunting norms is substantiated. The customs connected with the ritual shooting of hunters on certain days of the folk calendar are analyzed. Conclusions. Hunting, as one of the oldest forms of economic activity, has accumulated numerous customs, rituals, worldviews, folk knowledge and norms of customary law. They have changed with the development of society and the changing role of craft in the livelihood system. While preserving ancient beliefs and customary norms in the people's memory, it has been found that modern hunters consider the acquired production experience and knowledge to be the main guarantee of the success of hunting. It has been found that modern hunters consider the acquired production experience and knowledge to be the main guarantee of the success of hunting preserving ancient beliefs and customary norms in the people's memory.

Ideological foundations of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists Abroad (1950s – early 1990s)

The article is devoted to the study of transformation of the nationalist ideology of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists Abroad in the 1950s – early 1990s. The article describes how members of the radical movement, revolutionary underground armed groups carried out the actualization of ideological doctrine under the influence of activities in Western democracies. On the basis of analysis of ideological publications of members of the organization and program documents, the integration of the principles of liberal and social democracy into the ideology of Ukrainian nationalism is investigated. The content of the strategy of the peaceful revolution of the national liberation movement to create unorganized resistance in Soviet Ukraine is described. The aim of the study is to reveal the ideological foundations, worldview principles of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists Abroad and to consider the transition The methodological basis of the study is the principle of historicity and systematicity, as well as comparative-historical and problem-specific methods. Results of the research. In the diaspora it was a second split in the Ukrainian national movement, which was caused by the different interpretation of evolutions that the OUN underwent during the Second World War and vision of the strategy of struggle for the restoration of state independence of Ukraine. As a result, a new structure emerged – the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists Abroad (OUN(z)), which preferred moderate positions adapted to socio-political circumstance. The members of the organization took as a basis the resolution of the III Extraordinary Big Assembly OUN(b) of 1943 and developed various aspects of ideology in analytical publications. The doctrine was modernized by supplementing elements of social and political democracy and the strategy of world revolution with the support of anti-regime dynamics in Soviet society. Preserving the basic postulates of nationalism, the OUN(z) made the transition to a democratic ideology. Scientific novelty. Based on the content analysis of program documents, analytical publications of leading OUN(z) figures, the ideological concept of the organization was reconstructed, the evolution of the doctrine under the pressure of historical circumstances and the new socio-political reality was traced. Conclusions. The OUN(z) withdrew from the right-wing radical movement, but in the diaspora they tried to actualize its doctrine. The organization abandoned the principles of revolutionary orthodoxy and elements of integral nationalism, which contributed to changes in the theoretical-conceptual and program-political level and to formation of the ideology of democratic nationalism.

Foundation Kharkiv Medical-Mechanical Institute early twentieth century

One of the leading trauma centers and orthopedic medicine in Ukraine is the Institute of Spine and Joint them. prof. M. I. Sytenka Academy of Medical NAMS of Ukraine, which was founded at the beginning of the last century called Medical-Mechanical Institute (1907). The initiative of its foundation belongs representative business organization Southern economic region in Southern Russia Congress of Miners (Kharkiv city) and its head Nikolai Fedorovich von Ditmar. The purpose of article are the analysis of the creating process, the main activities and the targets of Medical-Mechanical Institute. The research methodology is based on the system of principles (scientism, objectivism and historicism) and the scientific methods. The use of general scientific (analytical, synthetic, systemic) and special-historical (historical-typological, historical-comparative, chronological) methods allowed to analyze the worldwide experience of these institutions founding, to select the features of the Medical-Mechanical Institute. Results. Due to the high level of traumatism mining and factory work before business corporation faced the task of ensuring workers' professional level treatment and determine the degree of disability. The Institute was organized on the model of similar health care institutions in Germany. Novelty of research. Article shows that the just a few years the Institute was equipped with everything needed to perform complex surgical and posttraumatic the first two years of maintaining mechanical Medical Congresses Miners Institute of Southern Russia spent over 100 000 rub.; annual maintenance of the Institute ranged from 40 thousand Russian money in the 1914–1915 biennium 80 000 rub. in 1912–1913. Led by this medical institution talented organizer and scientist Dr. Carl F. Wegner. It was highlighted that doctors Medical Institute mechanical maintained professional relationships with German and domestic medical institutions, fruitful and close cooperation established with the medical faculty of Kharkov University. Conclusions. Pretty soon Kharkov Medical and Mechanical Institute became a leading center of traumatology and implementation of entrepreneurs other social projects. Modern Institute of Spine and Joint them. prof. M. I. Sytenka is a worthy successor Academy of Medical Medical Mechanical Institute, health care, where honor the memory of its founders retain tradition and keep up to date with innovations.

The Black Sea region in the Soviet history textbooks: features of interpretation

Purpose. The primary goal of the paper is to disclose the process of formation and to outline the essential features of the Black Sea region within the Soviet school history textbooks. Methods. The Soviet school history textbooks’ content analysis has been put as a primary research tool to achieve the paper's aims. Textbooks for primary and secondary school have been analyzed. Results. The postwar period has been characterized by the partial modifications of the Soviet historiography and the forming of new supranational entity – “Soviet people”. In this context the multiethnic region with the interaction between different ethnic entities’ representatives had became the research agenda. This led to increasing significance of conceptualization/reconceptualization of the Black Sea region. The complex study of the Soviet school history textbooks would allow forming the representation of the prevailing approaches toward the Black Sea region. Soviet school history textbooks’ content has already been investigated in a whole bulk of papers. However, the Black Sea region’s interpretation is still being vacant. Scholars try to disclose different issues using the textbooks’ content such as historical memory, crucial events (wars, revolutions), forming the national identity and the like (Klymenko L., Janmaat J., Gaworek N., etc). A few relevant patterns can be found within the papers generalizing the process of Soviet textbooks creating (Teleguz I.), outlining the textbooks’ significance for historical study, bringing up the new generations (Fuks A., Ogonovskaya I., etc). The paper presents the results of complex research of the Black Sea region issues within the Soviet historiography. The postwar shift in official historiography canon toward the people’s friendship and strengthening the Russians’ influence in historical development has led to modifications of the Black Sea region’s image. Textbook authors have put the stress to the common efforts of Ukrainian and Russian population in the “winning back” or “liberation” of the southern steppes from the hostile neighbors. Unanimously accepted the region’s territorial limits and endorsement of Cossacks colonization of the steppes are the main shared features of the Soviet history textbooks. The colossal significance for the trade development and border protection issues has been accentuated by the vast majority of textbook authors. Conclusions. The complex study of Soviet school history textbooks has made it feasible to circumscribe the essential features of the region’s image and to conclude the marginality of the Black Sea region within the Soviet historiography.

Counteraction to Criminality In the Ukrainian SSR In the Second Half of 1930S

For today there is a far of the publications sanctified to soviet history of 1930th. However basic attention in them is spared there are 1937-1939 to strengthening of the totalitarian mode and repressions. And the problems of combating crime have received little attention.Research aim. Taking into account insufficient worked out of theme, an author put an aim to itself to light up the role of militia in counteraction to some types of criminality in the second half 1930th. This range of problems is wide enough, that is why we specially did not investigate some of directions of activity of militia at this time, in particular fight against gangsterism, counteract to economic criminality and role of militia in repressions 1937-1938, as it is an object other our scientific researches.Research methodology. The fundamental methodological principle of the study for the author was historicism. We tried to study the processes, events and facts in chronological order, taking into account the then socio-political situation. The method of comparison allowed to consider the general and special in activity of militia of different regions of the republic and differences in counteraction to different types of crimes.The scientific novelty of the article is that for the first time in the historical literature it reveals the activities of the police in combating crime in the second half of the 1930s., related to improving the work of investigators, district inspectors.In the article basic directions of activity of militia are exposed in relation to counteraction to some types of crimes in Ukraine, in the second half of 1930th. In this time a "liberal" period made off relatively in history of soviet legislation.It was considered that in connection from completion of building of socialism in the USSR the main causations of crime, related to the inheritance of, are czarism on the whole removed, and the pore of the most rapid liquidation of criminality came, although at this time appeared and new types of crimes : 1. crimes related to the passport system (imitation, sale and purchase, theft of passports); 2. violation of charter of agricultural artel, violation of soviet and of a collective farm democracy; 3.sabotage of Stakhanovsky motion, pursuit ofStakhanov’ s men.New Constitution of the USSR was accepted in 1936, and in 1937 is new Constitution of Ukraine. For them wide rights for soviet citizens were proclaimed, but in reality they were not realized, becoming illustration to neglect of law and law and order.However would be an overstatement to consider that there was complete legal anarchy and raging of criminality in the state .Conclusions. In the second half 1930th a militia, without regard to mass repressions and certain vagueness of fate of many workers, continued counteraction to criminality. Certain attention was spared to the improvement of work of investigators, district inspectors, secret-service-informative work, bringing in of public to counteraction to criminality. In the total it was succeeded to attain some reduction of general level to criminality.

The first traffic accidents involving cars in Kharkiv in the early twentieth century (based on materials from the local press)

Research aim is to establish the history of the first road accidents involving cars in Kharkiv in the early twentieth century. Research methodology. The article discusses the road accidents involving cars as one of the aspects of the emergence and development of new vehicles and ways of communication "traffic" in Kharkov in the early twentieth century from the point of view of the concept of modernization of urban space. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the historiography the history ofthe road accidents involving cars in Kharkov in the early twentieth century was the subject of special research. The publications from the newspapers «Yuzhnyj Kraj» («South Land») and «Utro» («Morning») newspapers revealed a number of testimonies of the first car accidents involving cars in Kharkiv in the early 20th century. The typical causes, circumstances, course and consequences of such incidents are established. Conclusions. It was found that the first car accidents were caused primarily by the unusualness of the new vehicle for traditional road users in time pedestrians, carriages and, especially, horses, which frightened the unusual view and high speed of automatic crews, the roar of their previous engines, known as time of movement of smoke and smoke, loud exhausts, internal combustion engines and various horns and even «sirens». Factors such as the poor quality of driver training and / or the irresponsibility of individual drivers when driving on city streets also played an important role in some cases. The most known example of dangerous behavior on the road was the case of a nobleman O. L. Samoilov (owner and driver of the infamous newspaper «Red Car»), who regularly consciously ensures the safety of road users. This has led to frequent road accidents involving schoolchildren of varying severity from other road users  people, animals (horses, dogs) and vehicles. At the same place on carriages and features of pedestrians who are accustomed to traffic on city streets. For a long time, they did not report the changes caused by the appearance of dozens of cars on the streets of Kharkiv and neglected their own safety, behaving carelessly.

The emergence and proliferation of the shaloput sect in the Pavlograd district of the Yekaterinoslav province (second half of the 19th century)

Purpose. The article aims to highlight the history of the emergence and spread of the shaloput sect in the Pavlograd district of the Yekaterinoslav province. Research methodology. The methodological basis of the article is formed by the principles of historicism and objectivity, implemented using several methods: general logical (analysis and synthesis), as well as classification, comparative, and periodization methods. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Russian historiography, the subject of a special scientific study was the sect of pranksters and its activities in the Yekaterinoslav province. Based on missionary and police reports, the role of Grigory Shevchenko in the creation of the sect is considered, the area of ​​its distribution within the region is highlighted, the national and social composition of its members is determined. Conclusions. It has been established that Grigory Shevchenko brought in the Pavlograd district of the Yekaterinoslav province the shaloput doctrine from the southern Ukrainian regions, probably from the Tauride province. The sect he created was by its nature Christover or Khlyst. Its dogmas and ceremonial were of a pronounced mystical coloring. Grigory Shevchenko remained a completely independent leader of a group of his fellow believers, he did not belong to any more ramified community, and his community throughout its existence remained an autonomous unit. The attitude of the dignitaries of the Russian Orthodox Church and representatives of the secular authorities to the new religious organization was extremely negative. Various means of pressure were used against the sectarians: from forced interviews to sentences of the rural community and outright repression by punitive bodies.

Urbanonyms of anthroponymic origin on the map of modern Kharkiv

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of the functioning of urbanonyms in modern Kharkiv. Research methodology. Methods. The analysis of urbanonyms constitutes a number of methodological problems associated with the difficulties of generalizing and evaluating various data that reveal the internal heterogeneity of urbanonyms as a component of toponymy (urbanonyms). Urbanonym is primarily a linguistic phenomenon. The study is based on the classification of urbanonyms, built on the basis of two principles, morphological and semantic, which is common in linguistics. In the article, the author combines the analysis of urbanonyms and the processes of creating a new name with the study of the linguistic specificity of street names, using linguistic analysis, which involves the identification of a specific language unit, the identification of all its signs. Also, the author of the article used general scientific research methods: analysis and comparison. The scientific novelty of the study. For the first time in Ukrainian linguistics, a linguistic analysis of urbanonyms of anthroponymic origin was carried out, their word-formation specificity and social and cultural factors influencing the functioning of urbanonyms were studied. Conclusions. Kharkiv toponymy is a complex of special models of word formation of different productivity. The most productive way of forming Kharkiv toponyms is morphological. Other ways of formation of Kharkiv toponyms are inefficient. In the toponymy of Kharkiv there are names in the form of an adjective, based on which an anthroponym appears, but not all of them are formed from the names and surnames of people, but from those objects, in due time had in names these names or surnames. The Russian language was a feature of the official Kharkiv toponymy According to the author of the article, some of the names in Ukrainian at different times in the history of Kharkiv rangel from 3% to 8%. In Kharkiv for a long time there were, and some still exist, grammatically incorrect names. The name should always be based on the characteristic feature of the nomination. As evidenced by the facts of the last renaming, carried out in 2015‒2016, according to the requirements of the Law of Ukraine “on condemnation of the Communist and national socialist (Nazi) totalitarian regimes in Ukraine and the prohibition of propaganda of their symbols” in Kharkiv, several hundred inner-city objects were renamed, new names of which are provided with varying degrees of correctness. The results can be used to prepare special courses in regional onomastics, historical studies of local lore and urban studies, as well as in educational and cultural work.

Automobile public transport in Kharkiv at the beginning of the twentieth century: projects and first attempts at implementation (based on materials from the local press)

Research aim is to establish the history of the first projects and attempts to organize bus passenger transportation in Kharkov at the beginning of the twentieth century. Research methodology. The article discusses the emergence and development of bus traffic in Kharkiv at the beginning of the twentieth century from the point of view of the concept of modernization of urban space. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the historiography the history of bus traffic in Kharkiv at the beginning of the 20th century became a topic of a special scientific study. The basic facts of the organization of regular bus traffic in the city in the context of the state of transport communication at that time have been established. Conclusions. The publications of the newspapers «Yuzhnyj Kraj» («South Land») and «Utro» («Morning») make it possible to identify the causes and content of the first projects of automobile passenger transportation in the city, as well as to find out that the beginning of bus traffic was closely connected with the solution of the so-called «tram issue» horse-drawn railways, which belonged to Belgian owners. Certain projects for road transport of passengers in Kharkiv - suburban bus service along the route Kharkov Measurements and delivery of the public to the hippodrome from Teatralnaya Square during the days of equestrian competitions - were carried out already in 1908-1909, but for the first time an official bus service in the city was opened along a regular route from Veterinarnaya Street to the railway station on June 6, 1910. Bus traffic existed in Kharkov during the summer-autumn of 1910, was resumed in the spring of the following year and probably lasted no longer than until the autumn of 1911. The first experience of organizing bus passenger transportation in Kharkiv was not very successful and could not compete properly with other types of urban public transport of that time - horse and electric trams. The cost of bus transportation was too high compared to the cost of horse tram and city electric trams.