First Report of Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype B Field Strain in a Romanian Broiler Flock During an Outbreak of Respiratory Disease

Background and Aim: Swollen head syndrome (SHS) is a complex disease caused by various agents, including bacterial and viral pathogens, as well as environmental factors. Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is one of the most important causes of respiratory diseases and SHS in poultry and one of the most widespread viruses worldwide; however, it has not been recorded in Iraq. This study aimed at the molecular identification and subtyping of aMPV in poultry, with the objectives of investigating the prevalence of aMPV in infected broiler flocks with SHS and molecular typing using primers specific to the study of the prevalence of subtypes A, B, and C of aMPV. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 67 broiler farms that reported typical SHS from September 2018 to August 2019. Swabs were collected from the trachea, infraorbital sinuses, and lung, then uploaded on FTA cards and subjected to an RNA extraction protocol. Results: aMPV was detected in 16 (23.8%) samples. Molecular typing using primers specific to the attachment glycoprotein (G) gene showed that all positive samples belonged to subtype B, as assessed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Conclusion: aMPV may be the main etiological factor causing SHS in poultry. Moreover, this was the first report of the prevalence of subtype B aMPV strains in broiler farms in Iraq.

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Novel Inactivated Subtype B Avian Metapneumovirus Vaccine Induced Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines8040762 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 762

Author(s):

Yuanling Bao ◽

Mengmeng Yu ◽

Peng Liu ◽

Fujun Hou ◽

Farooque Muhammad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Novel ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Avian Metapneumovirus ◽

Virus Shedding ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Subtype B ◽

Protection Efficacy ◽

Tract Disease ◽

High Virus ◽

Cellular Immune

Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), a highly contagious agent, is widespread and causes acute upper respiratory tract disease in chickens and turkeys. However, currently, there is no vaccine licensed in China. Herein, we describe the development of an inactivated aMPV/B vaccine using the aMPV/B strain LN16. Combined with a novel adjuvant containing immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs), the novel vaccine could induce high virus-specific and VN antibodies. In addition, it activated B and T lymphocytes and promoted the expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ. Importantly, boosting vaccination with the inactivated aMPV/B vaccine could provide 100% protection against aMPV/B infection with reduced virus shedding and turbinate inflammation. The protection efficacy could last for at least 6 months. This study yielded a novel inactivated aMPV/B vaccine that could serve as the first vaccine candidate in China, thus contributing to the control of aMPV/B and promoting the development of the poultry industry.

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Italian Field Survey Reveals a High Diffusion of Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype B in Layers and Weaknesses in the Vaccination Strategy Applied

Avian Diseases Digest ◽

10.1637/10362-1020212-digest.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. e5-e6

Author(s):

Mattia Cecchinato ◽

Caterina Lupini ◽

Enrico Ricchizzi ◽

Marco Falchieri ◽

Amelio Meini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Survey ◽

Vaccination Strategy ◽

Avian Metapneumovirus ◽

Subtype B ◽

High Diffusion

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Detection and Molecular Characterization of Avian Metapneumovirus in Iran: The First Report

Iranian Journal of Virology ◽

10.21859/isv.6.2.26 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 26-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H Hosseini ◽

A Ghalyanchi-Langeroudi ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Avian Metapneumovirus ◽

First Report

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Genome Sequence of a Ranavirus Isolated from a Red-Eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) in Poland

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.00781-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (47) ◽

Author(s):

Ewa Borzym ◽

Magdalena Stachnik ◽

Michał Reichert ◽

Artur Rzeżutka ◽

Agnieszka Jasik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Genome Sequence ◽

Trachemys Scripta ◽

Trachemys Scripta Elegans ◽

First Report ◽

Midwife Toad ◽

Free Ranging

ABSTRACT The red-eared slider (RES) ranavirus (RESRV) was isolated from a free-ranging RES turtle that died with evidence of respiratory disease. The RESRV genome sequence (106,878 bp) was determined, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that it is a common midwife toad virus (CMTV) strain. This study is the first report of CMTV in RES.

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Molecular Epidemiology and Genotyping of Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Avian Metapneumovirus in Backyard and Commercial Chickens in Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci7040187 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 187

Author(s):

Dechassa Tegegne ◽

Yosef Deneke ◽

Takele Sori ◽

Mukarim Abdurahaman ◽

Nigatu Kebede ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽

Control Measure ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Avian Metapneumovirus ◽

Infectious Bronchitis ◽

Subtype B ◽

Jimma Zone

Poultry production plays a relevant role in the Ethiopian economy and represents a source of poverty alleviation for several social classes. Infectious diseases can therefore significantly impact the economy and welfare. Despite infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) being present, the knowledge of their epidemiology and impact is extremely limited. In the present work, a cross-sectional study based on 500 tracheal swabs collected from 50 intensive and backyard unvaccinated flocks of the Jimma Zone was performed to investigate the circulation of these viruses and molecularly characterize them. IBV and aMPV presence was tested by molecular assays, and genotyping was carried out on positive samples. Accordingly, 6% (95% CI 2.06% to 16.22%) and 8% (95% CI 3.15% to 18.84%) of flocks tested IBV and aMPV positive, respectively. Particularly, IBV 793B (GI-13) strains were detected in backyard flocks only, and identical or closely related sequences (p-distance <2%) were detected in distantly spaced flocks, suggesting relevant viral circulation. On the contrary, both backyard and intensive flocks were affected by aMPV subtype B. Potential epidemiological links associated to the importation of parental birds from foreign countries could be established. These results highlight non-negligible circulation of these viruses, warranting further epidemiological studies and the evaluation of control measure implementation.

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First report of influenza D virus infection in Turkish cattle with respiratory disease

Research in Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.02.017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 130 ◽

pp. 98-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aysun Yilmaz ◽

Sajid Umar ◽

Nuri Turan ◽

Ozge Aydin ◽

H. Emre Tali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

First Report

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TMPRSS12 Is an Activating Protease for Subtype B Avian Metapneumovirus

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.01567-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 90 (24) ◽

pp. 11231-11246 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Bingling Yun ◽

Yao Zhang ◽

Yongzhen Liu ◽

Xiaolu Guan ◽

Yongqiang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Replication ◽

Membrane Fusion ◽

Serine Protease ◽

Viral Envelope ◽

Host Cells ◽

Protein Cleavage ◽

Avian Metapneumovirus ◽

F Protein ◽

Subtype B ◽

Transmembrane Serine Protease

ABSTRACTThe entry of avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) into host cells initially requires the fusion of viral and cell membranes, which is exclusively mediated by fusion (F) protein. Proteolysis of aMPV F protein by endogenous proteases of host cells allows F protein to induce membrane fusion; however, these proteases have not been identified. Here, we provide the first evidence that the transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS12 facilitates the cleavage of subtype B aMPV (aMPV/B) F protein. We found that overexpression of TMPRSS12 enhanced aMPV/B F protein cleavage, F protein fusogenicity, and viral replication. Subsequently, knockdown of TMPRSS12 with specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) reduced aMPV/B F protein cleavage, F protein fusogenicity, and viral replication. We also found a cleavage motif in the aMPV/B F protein (amino acids 100 and 101) that was recognized by TMPRSS12. The histidine, aspartic acid, and serine residue (HDS) triad of TMPRSS12 was shown to be essential for the proteolysis of aMPV/B F protein via mutation analysis. Notably, we observed TMPRSS12 mRNA expression in target organs of aMPV/B in chickens. Overall, our results indicate that TMPRSS12 is crucial for aMPV/B F protein proteolysis and aMPV/B infectivity and that TMPRSS12 may serve as a target for novel therapeutics and prophylactics for aMPV.IMPORTANCEProteolysis of the aMPV F protein is a prerequisite for F protein-mediated membrane fusion of virus and cell and for aMPV infection; however, the proteases usedin vitroandvivoare not clear. A combination of analyses, including overexpression, knockdown, and mutation methods, demonstrated that the transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS12 facilitated cleavage of subtype B aMPV (aMPV/B) F protein. Importantly, we located the motif in the aMPV/B F protein recognized by TMPRSS12 and the catalytic triad in TMPRSS12 that facilitated proteolysis of the aMPV/B F protein. This is the first report on TMPRSS12 as a protease for proteolysis of viral envelope glycoproteins. Our study will shed light on the mechanism of proteolysis of aMPV F protein and pathogenesis of aMPV.

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Effect of amino acid sequence variations at position 149 on the fusogenic activity of the subtype B avian metapneumovirus fusion protein

Archives of Virology ◽

10.1007/s00705-015-2524-x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 160 (10) ◽

pp. 2445-2453 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bingling Yun ◽

Yanni Gao ◽

Yongzhen Liu ◽

Xiaolu Guan ◽

Yongqiang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Sequence ◽

Fusion Protein ◽

Avian Metapneumovirus ◽

Fusogenic Activity ◽

Subtype B ◽

Sequence Variations

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Complete Genome Sequence of an Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype B Strain from Hungary

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.00177-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (19) ◽

Author(s):

Iryna V. Goraichuk ◽

Darrell R. Kapczynski ◽

Bruce S. Seal ◽

David L. Suarez

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequence ◽

Complete Genome Sequence ◽

Complete Genome ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Disease ◽

Avian Metapneumovirus ◽

Subtype B ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Tract Disease ◽

Generation Sequencing

Avian metapneumoviruses (aMPVs), which have been reported in many countries, cause acute upper respiratory tract disease in chickens and turkeys. Using next-generation sequencing, we report here the complete genome sequence of an aMPV subtype B strain that was isolated from a turkey in Hungary in 1989.

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