The Impact of Radiation Energy on Dose Homogeneity and Organ Dose in the Göttingen Minipig Total-Body Irradiation Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Poirier ◽  
Stewart Becker ◽  
Cristina Decesaris ◽  
Wesley Culberson ◽  
Emily Draeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Organ Dose ◽  
Göttingen Minipig ◽  
Dose Homogeneity ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Elevating body temperature enhances hematopoiesis and neutrophil recovery after total body irradiation in an IL-1–, IL-17–, and G-CSF–dependent manner

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (13) ◽  
pp. 2600-2609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maegan L. Capitano ◽  
Michael J. Nemeth ◽  
Thomas A. Mace ◽  
Christi Salisbury-Ruf ◽  
Brahm H. Segal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Neutrophil Recovery ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Neutropenia is a common side effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation, increasing the risk of infection in these patients. Here we examined the impact of body temperature on neutrophil recovery in the blood and bone marrow after total body irradiation (TBI). Mice were exposed to either 3 or 6 Gy TBI followed by a mild heat treatment that temporarily raised core body temperature to approximately 39.5°C. Neutrophil recovery was then compared with control mice that received either TBI alone heat treatment alone. Mice that received both TBI and heat treatment exhibited a significant increase in the rate of neutrophil recovery in the blood and an increase in the number of marrow hematopoietic stem cells and neutrophil progenitors compared with that seen in mice that received either TBI or heat alone. The combination treatment also increased G-CSF concentrations in the serum, bone marrow, and intestinal tissue and IL-17, IL-1β, and IL-1α concentrations in the intestinal tissue after TBI. Neutralizing G-CSF or inhibiting IL-17 or IL-1 signaling significantly blocked the thermally mediated increase in neutrophil numbers. These findings suggest that a physiologically relevant increase in body temperature can accelerate recovery from neutropenia after TBI through a G-CSF–, IL-17–, and IL-1–dependent mechanism.

scholarly journals A study on the distribution of 85Sr and 134Cs radionuclides after total body irradiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-371
Author(s):  
Marketa Nemcova ◽  
Lenka Andrejsova ◽  
Anna Lierova ◽  
Marcela Jelicova ◽  
Zuzana Sinkorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of strontium, 85Sr, and cesium, 134Cs, were evaluated in a mouse experimental model to determine the impact of these radionuclides on a living organism concerning total body irradiation. Our study demonstrates that the elimination rate of 134Cs from the skeleton and teeth is influenced by total body irradiation and the presence of 85Sr. Higher accumulation and faster 134Cs elimination rates were observed in the skeleton and teeth of mice administrated with a mixture of 134Cs + 85Sr radionuclides. Regarding 85Sr, only a minimal effect was observed on its accumulation rate in skeleton, teeth, and muscle in total body irradiation mice. The effect of the 85Sr + 134Cs radionuclide mix on the accumulation of 85Sr was more apparent in teeth, showing a higher retention rate after 10-24 days of administration in non-irradiated mice. The evaluation of the kinetics of these radionuclides provided much-needed insight on their effects during the first two months after exposure, demonstrating that the accumulation rate of 85Sr is greater than that of 134Cs. Further, the elimination rate of the former is slower in comparison to the latter. Interestingly, total body irradiation has a greater effect on the hematological parameters of the mice blood than the radionuclides alone.

scholarly journals Improved dose homogeneity using electronic compensation technique for total body irradiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
Tara E. Tyson ◽  
Matthew B. Podgorsak ◽  
Anurag K. Singh ◽  
Iris Z. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
Dose Homogeneity ◽  
Compensation Technique ◽  
Electronic Compensation ◽  
Total Body

A Novel Translational Total Body Irradiation Technique

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek W. Brown ◽  
Kurt Knibutat ◽  
Nathan Edmonds ◽  
Daniel Tom ◽  
Leo Moriarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Beam ◽  
Treatment Delivery ◽  
Beam Shape ◽  
Delivery Technique ◽  
Irradiation Treatment ◽  
Dose Homogeneity ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Interlock System ◽  
Beam Technique

A novel translating bed total body irradiation treatment delivery technique that employs dynamically shaped beams is presented. The patient is translated along the floor on a moving bed through a stationary radiation beam and the shape of the radiation beam is changed dynamically as the patient is moved through it, enabling compensation for local variations in patient thickness and tissue density. We demonstrate that the use of dynamically shaped beams results in greatly improved dose homogeneity compared with standard techniques, which use a single static beam shape. Along a representative dose profile through the lungs of a mock-human body, the maximum range of dose deviation from the average is 5.6% (from +2.7% to −2.9%) for the dynamic beam technique compared with 12.8% (from +3.6% to −9.2%) for the static beam technique. A novel, dual-interlock system that prevents bed motion when the radiation beam is stopped and stops the radiation beam when the bed motor is stopped has also been developed. The dual-interlock not only enhances the safety of the treatment but also ensures accuracy in the delivery of the treatment.

scholarly journals Lipodystrophy-like features after total body irradiation among survivors of childhood acute leukemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Visentin ◽  
Gérard Michel ◽  
Claire Oudin ◽  
Béatrice Cousin ◽  
Bénédicte Gaborit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Childhood Acute Leukemia ◽  
The Impact

Background/objective The number of long-term survivors of childhood acute leukemia (AL) is substantially growing. These patients are at high risk for metabolic syndrome (MS), especially those who received total body irradiation (TBI). The consequences of children’s irradiation on adipose tissue (AT) development in adulthood are currently unknown. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of TBI on AT of childhood AL survivors. Design We compared the morphological and functional characteristics of AT among survivors of childhood AL who developed MS and received (n = 12) or not received (n = 12) TBI. Subjects/methods Body fat distribution and ectopic fat stores (abdominal visceral and liver fat) were evaluated by DEXA, MRI and 1H-spectroscopy. Functional characteristics of subcutaneous AT were investigated by studying gene expression and pre-adipocyte differentiation in culture. Results Patients who have received TBI exhibited a lower BMI (minus 5 kg/m2) and a lower waist circumference (minus 14 cm), especially irradiated women. Despite the lower quantity of intra-abdominal AT, irradiated patient displayed a nearly two-fold greater content of liver fat when compared to non-irradiated patient (17 vs 9%, P = 0.008). These lipodystrophic-like features are supplemented by molecular abnormalities in subcutaneous AT of irradiated patients: decrease of gene expression of SREBP1 (minus 39%, P = 0.01) and CIDEA (minus 36%, P = 0.004) and a clear alteration of pre-adipocyte differentiation. Conclusions These results strongly support the direct effect of irradiation on AT, especially in women, leading to specific nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, despite lower BMI. A long-term appropriate follow-up is necessary for these patients.

scholarly journals CT-based analysis of dose homogeneity in total body irradiation using lateral beam

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanta K. Hui ◽  
R.K. Das ◽  
Bruce Thomadsen ◽  
Douglas Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
Dose Homogeneity ◽  
Total Body

Investigation of dose homogeneity in paediatric anthropomorphic phantoms for a simple total body irradiation technique.

2000 ◽  
Vol 73 (867) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
S E Vollans ◽  
B Perrin ◽  
J M Wilkinson ◽  
H R Gattamaneni ◽  
D P Deakin
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
Anthropomorphic Phantoms ◽  
Dose Homogeneity ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Clinical summary guide: reproduction in women with previous abdominopelvic radiotherapy or total body irradiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Rozen ◽  
P Rogers ◽  
S Chander ◽  
R Anderson ◽  
O McNally ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
English Language ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Patient Counselling ◽  
Uncomplicated Pregnancy ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

Abstract STUDY QUESTION What is the evidence to guide the management of women who wish to conceive following abdominopelvic radiotherapy (AP RT) or total body irradiation (TBI)? SUMMARY ANSWER Pregnancy is possible, even following higher doses of post-pubertal uterine radiation exposure; however, it is associated with adverse reproductive sequelae and pregnancies must be managed in a high-risk obstetric unit. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In addition to primary ovarian insufficiency, female survivors who are treated with AP RT and TBI are at risk of damage to the uterus. This may impact on its function and manifest as adverse reproductive sequelae. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A review of the literature was carried out and a multidisciplinary working group provided expert opinion regarding assessment of the uterus and obstetric management. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Reproductive outcomes for postpubertal women with uterine radiation exposure in the form of AP RT or TBI were reviewed. This included Pubmed listed peer-reviewed publications from 1990 to 2019, and limited to English language.. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The prepubertal uterus is much more vulnerable to the effects of radiation than after puberty. Almost all available information about the impact of radiation on the uterus comes from studies of radiation exposure during childhood or adolescence. An uncomplicated pregnancy is possible, even with doses as high as 54 Gy. Therefore, tumour treatment doses alone cannot at present be used to accurately predict uterine damage. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Much of the data cannot be readily extrapolated to adult women who have had uterine radiation and the publications concerning adult women treated with AP RT are largely limited to case reports. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This analysis offers clinical guidance and assists with patient counselling. It is important to include patients who have undergone AP RT or TBI in prospective studies to provide further evidence regarding uterine function, pregnancy outcomes and correlation of imaging with clinical outcomes. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study received no funding and there are no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

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