THE EFFECTS OF VASOPRESSIN ON WATER UPTAKE OF THE TOAD, BUFO MARINUS, WHILE BATHED IN DIFFERENT HYPOTONIC SOLUTIONS

SUMMARY The uptake of water with and without vasopressin was measured in the intact toad, Bufo marinus. When injected with vasopressin, toads sitting in tap water showed a significantly greater response than those sitting in distilled water. NaCl solutions of increasing concentrations potentiated the uptake of water in response to vasopressin over part of the hypotonic range. If the NaCl level was kept constant and glucose used to increase the concentration, there was a steady decrease in response as the concentration was increased towards isotonicity with the animal's body fluids. Uptake of water in response to vasopressin was far greater in sodium chloride than in either lithium or potassium chloride of the same concentration. The control water uptake was similar in the three solutions. Large doses of vasopressin brought about an increase in sodium loss through the toad's skin. The theoretical implications of these results are discussed in relation to possible mechanisms involved in this uptake of water.

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Evaluation of Millipore Cartridge-type Water Treatment Systems for Microbiological Applications

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-42.8.654 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 42 (8) ◽

pp. 654-655 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

BARBARA L. GREEN ◽

WARREN LITSKY

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Produced Water ◽

Tap Water ◽

Ionic Species ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Microbiology Laboratory ◽

Type Water ◽

Control Water ◽

Q System

Two different cartridge-type water treatment systems were evaluated for use in the microbiology laboratory, employing the Distilled Water Suitability Test (DWST). The Milli-Q system fed by distilled water and the Milli-R/Q system fed by tap water both produced water acceptable for microbiological use as measured by the DWST. Concentrations of ionic species (as measured by conductivity) in Milli-Q and Milli-R/Q products were significantly lower than in the double distilled control water.

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Influence of electrical conductivity on water uptake and vase life of cut gladiolus stems

Ornamental Horticulture ◽

10.14295/aohl.v21i2.673 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 221

Author(s):

Lucas Cavalcante Da Costa ◽

Fernanda Ferreira De Araújo ◽

Teresa Drummond Correia Mendes ◽

Fernando Luiz Finger

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Water Uptake ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Tap Water ◽

Vase Life ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Water Ph ◽

Maximum Water ◽

Standard Composition

<p>Several experiments reveal that distilled water varies among different laboratories and also does not have a standard composition. Water electrical conductivity (EC) of vase solution is one of the parameters that influence the water uptake by cut flowers. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of electrical conductivity on water uptake and vase life in cut stems of gladiolus. The stems harvested and kept in distilled water (pH 6.6, EC <0.01dS m-1) and tap water (pH 7.0, EC 0.75 dS m-1) at room temperature. Flowers kept in tap water showed lower fresh weight loss after the second day and higher water uptake during vase life. In a second set of experiments, we verified the limit EC saturation supported by the flower. For this, flowers were placed in individual test tubes containing four different solutions with varying ion concentrations. Solution 2 (EC 0.60 dS m-1) promoted increased vase life and allowed maximum water uptake by the flowers. The results show that the electrical conductivity of vase solution is a major parameter in experiments with vase life of cut gladiolus. The presence of ions in the vase solution increases the overall vase life and improves water uptake of flowers with favorable optimal EC between 0.60 to 0.87 dS m-1.</p>

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Effects of Different Concentrations of Sucrose on Vase Life of Rose (Rosa sps.cv. Dutch Hybrid)

Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science ◽

10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22539 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 183-190

Author(s):

G. Chaudhary ◽

A. Khanal

Keyword(s):

Water Uptake ◽

Sucrose Solution ◽

Tap Water ◽

Energy Requirement ◽

Vase Life ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Flower Diameter ◽

Flower Quality ◽

Main Food Source

Keeping quality is an important parameter for evaluation of rose cut flower quality, both in export and domestic markets as fresh cut rose flowers are highly perishable due to limited water uptake and low available energy. Carbohydrate is the main food source to maintain the energy requirement for flowers .An experiment was conducted at Horticulture Laboratory of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lamjung, Nepal on January 2017 in order to find out best concentration of sucrose that enhances and prolongs the better flower quality and longevity. Experiment was laid out with 10 treatments viz. tap water, tap water + 2% sucrose, tap water + 4% sucrose, tap water + 6% sucrose, tap water + 8% sucrose, distilled water, distilled water + 2% sucrose, distilled water + 4% sucrose, distilled water + 6% sucrose and distilled water + 8% sucrose under completely randomized design with three replications. Rose sticks were harvested at flower bud stage and two sticks were kept in each vase solution. Effect of different concentrations of sucrose solution on water uptake, weight gain or loss, neck bending, flower diameter, days to full bloom and vase life was affected significantly. The rose flower held in distilled water + 6% Sucrose was recorded to have higher value (7.77cm) for flower diameter at 10 days followed by Tap water + 6% Sucrose with value 7.62cm. Similarly, lower flower diameter (2.29cm) was observed in Tap water at Day16 followed by Distilled water with value 3.21cm. Similar pattern was observed in all other parameters having highest vase life (19.5 days) in Distilled water + 6% Sucrose and lowest (15.17 days) in tap water only. Among different concentrations of sucrose solution, distilled water + 6% sucrose was found highly effective for longevity of cultivar.

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The effect of water quality on nutrient availability for grower/finisher pigs

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas94-021 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 141-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. S. Anderson ◽

D. M. Anderson ◽

J. M. Murphy

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

Treatment Effect ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Tap Water ◽

Sodium Sulphate ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Significant Treatment Effect ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

Water Treatments

Two 6 × 6 Latin square experiments were conducted with male grower/finisher pigs (initial weight approximately 45 kg) to determine the effects of increasing levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) in water on the partitioning of nutrients from the diet. The first experiment consisted of six water treatments, 0 (distilled water), 370 (tap water), 1000, 4000, 6350, and 8000 ppm TDS. The increased TDS levels were obtained by the addition of sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, and sodium sulphate (in the ratio 3:3:1) to the tap water. At these levels there was no significant treatment effect (P > 0.05) on growth rate (GR), digestibility of energy (DE) or crude protein, or metabolizable crude protein. As water TDS increased, metabolizable energy (ME) decreased (P < 0.05) from 3150 kcal kg−1 to 2932 kcal kg−1. In the second experiment, six water treatments were prepared by the addition of magnesium sulphate, sodium sulphate, and sodium chloride (in the ratio of 3:3:1) to tap water (450 ppm TDS) to obtain water containing 1100, 4000, 7000, or 11 700 ppm TDS. Distilled water (0 ppm TDS) was used as a control. No significant treatment effect (P > 0.05) was observed for water intake, urinary output, GR, DE, ME, or metabolizable crude protein. However, sulphates at 11 700 ppm TDS significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein. Mineral excretion, in feces and urine, and retention were also examined in both experiments. Key words: Water quality, pigs, salinity, digestibility, minerals

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NaCl adaptation in Rana ridibunda and a comparison with the euryhaline toad Bufo viridis

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.63.3.763 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 763-773

Author(s):

U. Katz

Keyword(s):

Water Uptake ◽

Sodium Transport ◽

Tap Water ◽

Physiological Adaptation ◽

Salt Adaptation ◽

Osmotic Gradient ◽

Rana Ridibunda ◽

Bufo Viridis ◽

Water Frogs ◽

Toad Bufo

The physiological adaptation of the frog Rana ridibunda to saline environment was studied. It was found that blood was always hypertonic to the external solution, but at the highest salinity tolerated (i.e. 300 mOsM) the osmotic gradient across the skin was nearly abolished. Water uptake by the living frog remained unchanged, whereas sodium transport across the skin decreased markedly. Neurohypophyseal hormone increased water uptake and sodium transport to levels similar to those in tap water frogs. Water content of the tissues was not affected by saline adaptation, although it varied appreciably under acute conditions. Oxygen consumption increased in dehydrated frogs, but not in adapted ones. The results are discussed and compared to the euryhaline toad Bufo viridis; the importance of high urea levels for high salt adaptation is stressed.

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