EFFECT OF SOMATOSTATIN ON THE CONCENTRATION OF GROWTH HORMONE IN THE PLASMA OF FOETAL SHEEP

1978 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. McMILLEN ◽  
G. JENKIN ◽  
G. D. THORBURN ◽  
J. S. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Nuffield Department ◽  
John Radcliffe Hospital ◽  
Ovine Placenta

Nuffield Institute for Medical Research and Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, 0X3 9DU (Received 6 April 1978) Growth hormone (GH) has been located in the ovine foetal pituitary gland by day 50 of gestation (Stokes & Boda, 1968). The concentration of GH in the plasma of foetal sheep is ten times higher than the postnatal value, increasing from 40 ng/ml on day 100 of gestation to 100–120 ng/ml on day 140 (Bassett, Thorburn & Wallace, 1970). After foetal hypophysectomy, the concentration of GH falls to < 2 ng/ml, indicating that it originates in the foetal pituitary gland (Wallace, Stacey & Thorburn, 1973). Labelled GH does not cross the ovine placenta (Wallace et al. 1973). After sectioning the foetal pituitary stalk, the concentration of GH in the foetal plasma drops to approximately 5 ng/ml (Wallace et al. 1973), which implies that the secretion of GH

PRODUCTION OF THROMBOXANE B2 BY INTRA-UTERINE TISSUES FROM PREGNANT GOATS IN VITRO

1978 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. MITCHELL ◽  
A. P. F. FLINT ◽  
E. J. KINGSTON ◽  
G. D. THORBURN ◽  
J. S. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Thromboxane B2 ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
University Of Oxford ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Nuffield Department ◽  
John Radcliffe Hospital ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Prostaglandins E

Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU (Received 9 February 1978) It has been shown that prostaglandins play an important role in the mechanism of parturition in many species, including the goat (Currie & Thorburn, 1977; Thorburn, Challis & Robinson, 1977). Recently we have demonstrated that intra-uterine tissues from pregnant goats, when superfused in vitro, produce prostaglandins E and F (PGE, PGF) and 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F at various rates (Mitchell, Flint, Robinson & Thorburn, 1978). The exciting discoveries of two potent prostaglandin-like compounds, thromboxane A2 (TXA2; Hamberg, Svensson & Samuelsson, 1975) and prostacyclin (PGI2; Moncada, Gryglewski, Bunting & Vane, 1976), have radically altered our thinking on prostaglandins and basic data are urgently required concerning these compounds. Since prostaglandin endoperoxides are the immediate precursors of both prostaglandins and TXA2 (and PGI2) and since TXA2 has been shown to cause contraction of a number

scholarly journals SUN-LB2 Undescended Testicle and Short Stature as Manifestation of Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome a Report From Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Ahmed ◽  
Asirvatham Alwin robert
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Optic Chiasma

Abstract Background Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a congenital disease with isolated growth hormone deficiency or multiple anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies. Here, the authors report a case of PSIS from Saudi Arabia. Clinical Case A 16 year old Saudi boy presented to the endocrine clinic with short stature and undescended testis, status post bilateral orchidopexy. He was delivered by caesarean section because of breech presentation and birth asphyxia. Investigation revealed underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics with decreased facial and pubic hair growth. The patient height was 134 cm whereas the bone age was 9 - 11 years. Pelvis examination showed a scrotum with bilateral 1 mL testes and the stretch penile length was 3 cm. The patient laboratory investigations showed hemoglobin level of 13 g/dL, serum sodium 140 mmol/L, serum potassium 4.1 mmol/L, serum chloride 102 mmol/L, calcium 9.1 mg/dL, random blood sugar 110 mg/dL and albumin 3.8 mg/dL. A pituitary hormone profile showed hypopituitarism with thyroid, and adrenal sparing. The patient free T4 was 17.3 pmol/L (9-25 pmol/L) and synacthen test revealed a morning baseline cortisol level of 6.5 µg/dL (normal = 4.3-22.4 ug/dL) with adrenocorticotrophic hormone of 9.8 pmol/L (1.1 - 13.2 pmol/L). Insulin-like growth factor 1 level 50 ng/dL (normal = 193.0 - 731.0 ug/L), follicle-stimulating hormone 0.35 µIU/mL (normal, 0.0-10.0), and leutinizing hormone 0.4 µIU/mL (normal = 1.2-7.8). The patient’s morning testosterone level showed 8 ng/dL (normal = 280-800 ng/dL) and prolactin 116 mIU/L (normal = 86 - 324 mIU/L). There were no symptom suggestive of posterior pituitary involvement like polyuria and polydipsia as urine and serum osmolality. The MRI examination showed no pituitary gland identified in the sella turcica and no clear pituitary stalk. A T1 hyperintense focus with post-contrast enhancement was identified posterior to the optic chiasma representing an ectopic posterior pituitary gland. The growth hormone and testosterone therapy were added to medical therapy of the patients and no thyroid or hydrocortisone replacement therapy was given. Conclusion: Despite the fact that this is a rare disorder, it should always be kept in the differential diagnosis of a patient presenting with short stature. Patients with this disease have an excellent opportunity to reach normal height if they present before the joining of epiphyses.

CONCENTRATIONS OF 6-OXO-PROSTAGLANDIN F1α AND THROMBOXANE B2 IN THE TRACHEAL FLUID OF FOETAL SHEEP

1978 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-404
Author(s):  
M. D. MITCHELL ◽  
J. S. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
University Of Oxford ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Nuffield Department ◽  
John Radcliffe Hospital ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Tracheal Insufflation ◽  
Prostaglandins E

Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU (Received 21 July 1978) Prostaglandins of the E and F series have been shown to relax or contract respectively guinea-pig trachea and recently it has been demonstrated that the prostaglandin endoperoxides PGG2 and PGH2 (immediate precursors of prostaglandins E and F) have far greater potency in contracting tracheal smooth muscle than prostaglandin F (Hamberg, Svensson, Hedqvist, Strandberg & Samuelsson, 1976). Furthermore, both thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin can also elicit contraction of the trachea with thromboxane A2 being considerably more active (Omini, Moncada & Vane, 1977; Svensson, Strandberg, Tuvemo & Hamberg, 1977). Administration of thromboxane A2 has been shown to raise the tracheal insufflation pressure in guinea-pigs (Svensson et al. 1977) and indeed its stable metabolite thromboxane B2 is released in relatively large amounts from sensitized guinea-pig lungs when challenged with antigen (Dawson, Boot, Cockerill,

UTERINE TISSUES FROM PREGNANT GOATS PRODUCE 6-OXO-PROSTAGLANDIN F1α IN VITRO

1978 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. MITCHELL ◽  
A. P. F. FLINT ◽  
B. R. HICKS ◽  
E. J. KINGSTON ◽  
G. D. THORBURN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
University Of Oxford ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Nuffield Department ◽  
John Radcliffe Hospital ◽  
Prostaglandin F

Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, 0X3 9DU (Received 21 July 1978) It now seems likely that prostaglandins play an important role in the mechanisms of parturition in many species (Flint & Hillier, 1976; Thorburn, Challis & Robinson, 1977), including the goat (Thorburn, Nicol, Bassett, Shutt & Cox, 1972; Currie & Thorburn, 1977). This evidence has been further strengthened by the demonstration of the production of prostaglandins in vitro by uterine tissues from goats during late pregnancy (Mitchell, Flint, Robinson & Thorburn, 1978b). The recent discovery of prostacyclin (Moncada, Gryglewski, Bunting & Vane, 1976) has added a new dimension to prostaglandin research since in some biological systems it has a greater potency than other prostaglandins (Moncada et al. 1976; Omini, Moncada & Vane, 1977). Prostacyclin is highly unstable in aqueous media and degrades spontaneously to 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1α (6-oxo-PGF1α; Johnson, Morton, Kinner, Gorman,

THE EXTRACTION OF PROLACTIN FROM HUMAN PITUITARY GLANDS

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Apostolakis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
List Type ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Isoelectric Precipitation ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Prolactin Content ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A method for the extraction of prolactin from human pituitary glands is described. It is based on acetone drying, distilled water extraction, acetone and isoelectric precipitation. Two main products are obtained: Fraction R8 with a mean prolactin activity of 12.2 IU/mg and fraction U8 with a mean prolactin activity of 8.6 IU/mg. The former fraction does not contain any significant gonadotrophin activity and the latter contains on an average 50 HMG U/mg. In both cases contamination with ACTH and MSH is minimal. The growth hormone activity of both these fractions is low. It is postulated that in man too, prolactin and growth hormone are two distinct hormones. A total of 1250 human pituitary glands have been processed by this method. The mean prolactin content per pituitary gland has been found to be 73 IU.

Single and repeated testing of growth hormone secretory capacity in hypopituitarism using growth hormone releasing factor

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S118-S122 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. BUTENANDT ◽  
M. EMMLINGER ◽  
H. DOERR
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Secretory Capacity

Abstract 38 patients with proven growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and 19 children with familial short stature received an iv GRF-bolus injection of 1 ug/kg body weight. Whereas in all control children plasma growth hormone rose significantly (mean of maximal values 36 ng/ml), only 7 out of 38 patients with GHD reached peak values of 8 ng/ml or more. GRF-priming by 1 ug GRF/kg BW given once daily s.c. for 5 days in 19 patients improved the response of the pituitary gland in 11. Thus, following the first GRF test, only 21 % of patients demonstrated function of the pituitary gland whereas 45 % did so when all test results are combined. To evaluate the pituitary function in patients with GHD correctly, GRF tests following a GRF priming period seems to be necessary to reactivate atrophic somatotropic cells of the pituitary gland.

Human Pituitary Growth Hormone, by Allen W. Root, M.D. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas, 1972, 259 pp. $10.50

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-159
Author(s):  
Selna L. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Pituitary Growth Hormone ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Clinical Syndromes

This book, divided into four sections, provides a comprehensive review of the biochemical effects of growth hormone as well as the clinical syndromes associated with abnormalities of its secretion and metabolism. The book opens with a historical résumé of the "discovery" of this hormone, identification of its varied biologic actions, and isolation from the pituitary gland. The second part discusses the development of radioimmunoassay for measurement of growth hormone by Roth and associates and the subsequent surge in studies of the control mechanisms for the secretion of growth hormone.

Posttranscriptional regulation of rat growth hormone gene expression: increased message stability and nuclear polyadenylation accompany thyroid hormone depletion

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2624-2632
Author(s):  
D Murphy ◽  
K Pardy ◽  
V Seah ◽  
D Carter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Gh Gene ◽  
Rat Growth ◽  
Pituitary Glands

In thyroid hormone-depleted rats, the rate of transcription of the growth hormone (GH) gene in the anterior pituitary gland is lower than the rate in euthyroid controls, and there is a corresponding reduction in the abundance of the GH mRNA. Concomitantly, the poly(A) tail of the GH mRNA increases in length. Examination of nuclear RNA from anterior pituitary glands of control and thyroid hormone-depleted rats revealed no difference in the length of pre-mRNAs containing the first and last introns of the GH gene. However, mature nuclear GH RNA is differentially polyadenylated in euthyroid and hypothyroid animals. We suggest that the extent of polyadenylation of the GH transcript is regulated in the cell nucleus concomitant with or subsequent to the splicing of the pre-mRNA. Experiments with anterior pituitary gland explant cultures demonstrated that the GH mRNA from thyroid hormone-depleted rats is more stable than its euthyroid counterpart and that the poly(A) tail may contribute to the differential stability of free GH ribonucleoproteins.

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