Influence of neonatal hemicastration on in-vitro secretion of inhibin, gonadotrophins and testicular steroids in male rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ultee-van Gessel ◽  
F. G. Leemborg ◽  
F. H. de Jong ◽  
H. J. van der Molen
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Pituitary Secretion ◽  
Lh Releasing Hormone ◽  
Testicular Steroids

ABSTRACT Pituitary secretion of FSH in male animals is regulated, at least partly, by a protein hormone, inhibin, which is produced by Sertoli cells in the testes. To establish at which age the role of testicular inhibin in the regulation of FSH secretion becomes apparent, groups of male rats were hemicastrated or sham-operated on day 1 of life and pituitary and testicular function were investigated in vitro at 21, 42 or 63 days of age. Testis weights were increased in hemicastrated rats at all ages studied. Peripheral concentrations of gonadotrophins generally showed a good correlation with the concentrations of FSH and LH measured in the medium of hemipituitary glands which were incubated in vitro at 37 °C in the absence or presence of LH-releasing hormone. Peripheral testosterone concentrations in hemicastrated animals were not significantly different from those in sham-operated rats at all ages studied. Steroid production by Leydig cells in vitro was not significantly influenced by hemicastration. The secretion of inhibin by Sertoli cells from 21-day-old hemicastrated rats was decreased while Sertoli cells from 42- and 63-day-old hemicastrated animals secreted slightly but not significantly more inhibin than Sertoli cells from sham-operated rats. It is concluded that although compensatory increases of testosterone and inhibin production at later ages make it difficult to draw conclusions about the relative importance of inhibin in the feedback regulation of FSH secretion at different ages, it is likely that inhibin plays a role in the feedback of FSH in immature, rather than in mature male rats. J. Endocr. (1985) 106, 259–265

scholarly journals Prolactin and Male Fertility: The Long and Short Feedback Regulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Gill-Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Men

In the last 20 years, a pituitary-hypothalamus tissue culture system with intact neural and portal connections has been developed in our lab and used to understand the feedback mechanisms that regulate the secretions of adenohypophyseal hormones and fertility of male rats. In the last decade, several in vivo rat models have also been developed in our lab with a view to substantiate the in vitro findings, in order to delineate the role of pituitary hormones in the regulation of fertility of male rats. These studies have relied on both surgical and pharmacological interventions to modulate the secretions of gonadotropins and testosterone. The interrelationship between the circadian release of reproductive hormones has also been ascertained in normal men. Our studies suggest that testosterone regulates the secretion of prolactin through a long feedback mechanism, which appears to have been conserved from rats to humans. These studies have filled in a major lacuna pertaining to the role of prolactin in male reproductive physiology by demonstrating the interdependence between testosterone and prolactin. Systemic levels of prolactin play a deterministic role in the mechanism of chromatin condensation during spermiogenesis.

Hachimijiogan Produces Testosterone in Adult Rat Testes

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Usuki
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Testosterone Production ◽  
Incubation Study ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

The effect of Hachimijiogan (HZ) and Keishibukuryogan (KB) on the steroid production in rats was examined in vivo and in vitro. In an in vivo study, HZ stimulated the testes from ten-week old male rats to produce testoterone, whereas KB decreased the tissue testosterone concentrations. The Δ4-androstenedione and estradiol-17β (E2) showed no significant changes. In an incubation study, HZ also stimulated the testosterone production. The data suggested that HZ produces testosterone in rat testes. The role of KB is questionable.

Effect of triiodothyronine administration on estrogen receptor contents in peripuberal Sertoli cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Panno ◽  
D Sisci ◽  
M Salerno ◽  
M Lanzino ◽  
L Mauro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Androgen Metabolism ◽  
Testicular Steroids ◽  
In Vivo Administration

Panno ML, Sisci D, Salerno M, Lanzino M, Mauro L, Morrone EG, Pezzi V, Palmero S. Fugassa E, Andò S. Effect of triiodothyronine administration on estrogen receptor contents in peripuberal Sertoli cells. Eur J Endocrinol 1996:134:633–8. ISSN 0804–4643 The effects of thyroid hormone on androgen metabolism in peripuberal Sertoli cells through the inhibition of estradiol production have been reported previously. It was our intention to investigate further the possible role of thyroid hormone on the interaction between testicular steroids and Sertoli cells by analyzing the effects of triiodothyronine (T3) on estrogen receptor content in 2-, 3- and 4week-old euthyroid rats. Triiodothyronine treatment (3 μg/100 body wt per day) given during the last week prior to sacrifice resulted in reduced testicular growth in 2-week-old animals. Sertoli cells from all groups were cultured initially under basal conditions for the first 24 h and subsequently in the presence of testosterone and/or T3 for the additional 24 h. The in vitro addition of T3 induced a decrease of estrogen receptors (ERs) in 2- and 3-week-old animals that appeared more pronounced especially in the presence of T3 and testosterone. When T3 was tested in vivo we noticed that the decrease of ER content was even greater in all three groups under the in vitro influence of both T3 and testosterone. In 3-week-old animals a simultaneous assay of ERs in both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments was performed. The ER concentrations in the nucleus were closely related to those of the cytoplasm. The in vivo administration of T3 was responsible for a greater decrease of ERs in the nucleus than in the cytosol. On the basis of these results, and in agreement with our previous data, we speculate that the effect of T3 in the maturational events of Sertoli cells could involve both estradiol production and ER content. Sebastiano Andò Cattedra di Fisiopatologia Endocrina, Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare, Università della Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy

Effect of catecholamines on porcine Sertoli and Leydig cells in primary culture

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2053-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Renier ◽  
J. Gaulin ◽  
W. Gibb ◽  
R. Collu ◽  
J. R. Ducharme
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Adrenergic Agonists ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Estradiol Synthesis

The accumulation by purified immature porcine Leydig and Sertoli cells of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate in the presence of 1-methyl-3-isobuthylxathine was studied and their respective testosterone and 17β-estradiol production in response to catecholamines was assessed in vitro. These substances increased both basal and FSH-stimulated cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate accumulation in Sertoli cells. In contrast, catecholamines slightly enhanced basal cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate production but inhibited its human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated accumulation by Leydig cells. Catecholamines had no effect on basal and stimulated testosterone release by these cells, while dopamine inhibited 17β-estradiol synthesis by Sertoli cells. Using various α- and β-adrenergic agonists and antagonists, β-receptors, likely of the β1-subtype, were shown to be present in both cell lines. Taken together these data suggest the presence of a cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate-linked adrenergic receptor in porcine Leydig and Sertoli cells, the role of which remains to be determined.

Follicle-stimulating hormone-dependent estrogen secretion by rat Sertoli cells in vitro: Modulation by calcium

1991 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alan Talbot ◽  
Ann Lambert ◽  
Robert Mitchell ◽  
Marek Grabinski ◽  
David C. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Dibutyryl Camp ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Estradiol Secretion ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Abstract We have investigated the role of Ca2+ in the control of FSH-induced estradiol secretion by Sertoli cells isolated from 8-10 days old rats. Exogenous Ca2+ (4-8 mmol/1) inhibited FSH-stimulated E2 secretion such that, with 8 mmol/l Ca2+ and FSH (8 IU/l) E2 secretion decreased from 2091±322 to 1480±84 pmol/l (p<0.002), whilst chelation of Ca2+ in the culture medium with EGTA (3 mmol/l) increased E2 secretion from 360±45 to 1242±133 pmol/l) in the absence of FSH. Further, EGTA (3 mmol/l) markedly potentiated FSH (8 IU/l), forskolin (1 μmol/l) and dibutyryl cAMP (1 mmol/l)-stimulated E2 secretion. Addition of the Ca2+ ionophores, ionomycin (2-5 μmol/l) and A23187 (2 μmol/l), inhibited FSH (8 IU/l)-stimulated E2 secretion by >80%. The effect of ionomycin was totally reversible, whereas that of A23187 was irreversible. Ionomycin (5 μmol/l) had no effect on EGTA-induced E2 secretion in the absence of FSH, but reduced EGTA-provoked E2 secretion by 59% in the presence of FSH (8 IU/l). Similarly, forskolin- and dibutyryl cAMP-provoked E2 production was inhibited 46-50% by ionomycin (5 μmol/l). We conclude that FSH-induced E2 secretion from immature rat Sertoli cells is modulated by intra- and extracellular Ca2+.

Role of glycine-containing oligopeptides in blood cells aggregation stimulated by adrenaline

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
М. Голубева
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Current Interest

Введение. Изменение реологических свойств крови характерно для различных заболеваний, многие из которых связаны с нарушением реологии и, прежде всего, с изменением агрегации эритроцитов. Целью исследования было сравнение влияния малых регуляторных пептидов, являющихся фрагментами нейрогормонов, на агрегацию эритроцитов и тромбоцитов под действием адреналина в экспериментах in vitro. Материалы и методы. Эксперименты проводили на белых беспородных крысах-самцах, массой тела 180-200 г. Использовали пептиды, представляющие собой С-концевые фрагменты вазопрессина (Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2) и окситоцина (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2). Результаты. Показано, что малые регуляторные пептиды, являющиеся продуктами протеолиза нейропептидов, оказывают существенное влияние на агрегатное состояние клеток крови. При сравнении влияния пептидов на агрегацию клеток крови, стимулированную адреналином, установлено, что фрагмент вазопрессина Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2 вызывал достоверное усиление агрегации как эритроцитов, так и тромбоцитов; тогда как фрагмент окситоцина Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 ингибировал только агрегацию эритроцитов, не изменяя агрегации тромбоцитов. Заключение. Изучение путей поэтапного протеолиза пептидов может привести к разработке новых препаратов для направленной коррекции различных нарушений в организме, поэтому изучение эффектов С-концевых фрагментов гипофизарных гормонов на гемостаз является актуальным. Introduction. The changing of blood rheological properties is typical for various diseases; many of them are associated with rheology disorder and primarily with change of erythrocytes aggregation. The aim was to compare the effect of small regulatory peptides (fragments of neurohormones) on the aggregation of erythrocytes and platelets under adrenaline action in experiments in vitro. Materials and methods. Experiments were conducted on white outbred male rats, body weight 180-200 g. We used 2 peptides – C-terminal fragments of vasopressin (Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2) and oxytocin (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2). Results. It was shown that small regulatory peptides (they are products of neuropeptides proteolysis) had a significant effect on blood cells aggregation. We compared the peptides effect on blood cells aggregation stimulated by adrenaline. It was found that vasopressin fragment Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2 significantly increased both erythrocytes and platelets aggregation, while oxytocin fragment Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 inhibited only erythrocytes aggregation without changing of platelet aggregation. Conclusion. Investigation of phased peptides proteolysis may result in the development of new drugs for targeted correction of various disturbances. So it is of current interest to study the effects of C-terminal fragments of pituitary hormones on hemostasis.

Effects on growth and body composition of androgen deprivation by castration or autoimmunization to LH-releasing hormone in the male rat under conditions of controlled food intake

1986 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Fletcher ◽  
G. E. Lobley ◽  
A. Connell
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Lh Releasing Hormone ◽  
Testicular Steroids ◽  
Intact Rats

ABSTRACT The effects of endogenous gonadal hormones on the regulation of body composition and energy retention have been investigated under conditions of controlled food intake. Male and female rats were fed the same amount from weaning to 82 days of age. The carcases of males contained more protein, less lipid and yielded more ash than females, but they had the same amount of total energy in their carcases as females. In a second experiment, male rats were sham-operated or castrated at 19 days and then fed equal amounts from weaning. At 40 days, intact and castrated rats did not differ in total carcase energy content nor in carcase composition. At 82 days the carcases of intact rats had more protein but had retained the same amount of energy as castrated rats. By 131 days, the difference in protein content was larger and intact rats had less carcase lipid, less carcase energy and gave less ash than castrated rats. At the same age and with a similar food intake, the differences in carcase composition between intact males and females were considerably larger than between intact and castrated males. In a third experiment, male rats were sham-operated or castrated at 1 day post partum and fed the same amount as in the second experiment from weaning to 82 days. Both sham-castrated and castrated rats grew less well than rats operated on at 19 days. The differences in carcase composition between intact and castrated rats were in the same direction but of greater magnitude than in rats operated at the later age. In a fourth experiment the effects on body compositon and energy retention of sham-operation, castration or immunization to LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) at weaning were compared in male rats fed the same amount from weaning to 131 days. Intact rats retained less carcase energy, less lipid and produced less ash than castrated and LHRH-immunized animals. Castrated and LHRH-immunized rats did not differ in carcase composition or amount of energy retained. It is concluded that (1) endogenous sex steroids affect growth and carcase composition independently of food intake, (2) the characteristic carcase composition of the female rat is largely due to the presence of ovarian steroids rather than lack of testicular steroids, (3) in the absence of increased food intake the effects of testicular steroids upon growth and energy expenditure are small but similar to those found in animals with free access to food, (4) the long-terms effects of perinatal exposure to testicular steroids upon growth and carcase composition are not only a consequence of changed food intake and (5) surgical castration and functional castration, induced by LHRH auto-immunization, produce the same effects on carcase composition. J. Endocr. (1986) 110, 97–102

scholarly journals Dynein 1 supports spermatid transport and spermiation during spermatogenesis in the rat testis

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (5) ◽  
pp. E924-E948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wen ◽  
Elizabeth I. Tang ◽  
Wing-yee Lui ◽  
Will M. Lee ◽  
Chris K. C. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Cytoplasmic Dynein ◽  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Organelle Transport ◽  
Cellular Events

In the mammalian testis, spermatogenesis is dependent on the microtubule (MT)-specific motor proteins, such as dynein 1, that serve as the engine to support germ cell and organelle transport across the seminiferous epithelium at different stages of the epithelial cycle. Yet the underlying molecular mechanism(s) that support this series of cellular events remain unknown. Herein, we used RNAi to knockdown cytoplasmic dynein 1 heavy chain (Dync1h1) and an inhibitor ciliobrevin D to inactivate dynein in Sertoli cells in vitro and the testis in vivo, thereby probing the role of dynein 1 in spermatogenesis. Both treatments were shown to extensively induce disruption of MT organization across Sertoli cells in vitro and the testis in vivo. These changes also perturbed the transport of spermatids and other organelles (such as phagosomes) across the epithelium. These changes thus led to disruption of spermatogenesis. Interestingly, the knockdown of dynein 1 or its inactivation by ciliobrevin D also perturbed gross disruption of F-actin across the Sertoli cells in vitro and the seminiferous epithelium in vivo, illustrating there are cross talks between the two cytoskeletons in the testis. In summary, these findings confirm the role of cytoplasmic dynein 1 to support the transport of spermatids and organelles across the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis.

Increase in Leydig cell responsiveness in the unilaterally cryptorchid rat testis and its relationship to the intratesticular levels of testosterone

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Sharpe ◽  
I. Cooper ◽  
D. G. Doogan
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Testosterone Production ◽  
Lh Releasing Hormone ◽  
Unilateral Cryptorchidism

ABSTRACT Adult rats were made unilaterally cryptorchid (UCD) and 6–7 weeks later Leydig cells were isolated from the scrotal and abdominal testes and their capacity to secrete testosterone in vitro was compared. Basal testosterone production by Leydig cells from the abdominal testes of UCD rats was lowered, compared with cells from the contralateral scrotal testes, whilst their responsiveness to both human chorionic gonadotrophin and an LH releasing hormone agonist was enhanced two- to threefold (P< 0·001) compared both with cells from the contralateral scrotal testes and with cells isolated from untreated rats of the same age. In the UCD rats, concentrations of testosterone in testicular interstitial fluid (IF) were reduced (P< 0·001) by 70–90% in abdominal, compared with scrotal, testes. A similar reduction was evident in the levels of testosterone in spermatic venous blood, and both this decrease and that in IF levels of testosterone varied according to the degree of testicular involution. The ontogeny of the above changes was investigated. After induction of unilateral cryptorchidism, the weight of the abdominal compared with the scrotal testis declined slowly, such that by day 5 there was only a 25% reduction in weight compared with a 70% reduction by day 40. In contrast, the levels of testosterone in IF from abdominal testes declined rapidly, such that by day 5 an 80% reduction was attained, compared with scrotal testes, with little further change by day 40. Hormone-stimulated testosterone production by Leydig cells isolated from the abdominal testes was unchanged or marginally reduced over the first 3 days compared with cells from the scrotal testes, but by day 5 there was a significant increase in responsiveness; this increase was of smaller magnitude than that evident at day 40. These results suggest a possible association between the fall in intratesticular levels of testosterone induced by unilateral cryptorchidism and the Leydig cell hypertrophy and hyper-responsiveness that occurs in the same testes. The implications with respect to altered Sertoli–Leydig cell interaction are discussed. J. Endocr. (1984) 102, 319–327

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