scholarly journals Complement synthesis in the injured kidney: does it have a role in immune complex glomerulonephritis?

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 2314-2319 ◽  
Author(s):  
S H Sacks ◽  
W Zhou ◽  
N S Sheerin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Complex ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Complement Component C3 ◽  
Injured Kidney ◽  
Made In

On pages 2428 to 2433 of this issue, Miyazaki et al. provide evidence that complement component C3 is synthesized within the glomeruli of patients with mesangial glomerulonephritis. Although it has been known for several years that cells isolated from the human kidney can synthesize a range of complement components, and that immune complex disease can increase the expression of these genes, it is only now that the link between intraglomerular synthesis of complement and human glomerulonephritis can be made. In view of the long interest in the role of complement in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, this begs the question to what extent local complement synthesis may be involved in the generation of tissue injury. Given also the double-sided nature of complement-proinflammatory and protective-It remains to be seen if the roles of local and systemic complement differ in these respects. To weigh these questions, we examine the current evidence that connects local complement synthesis with renal injury, and ask what studies are needed to provide more definitive answers.

scholarly journals Complement Synthesis in the Diseased Kidney and its Role in Renal Damage

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
M Khatun ◽  
ASM Nurunnabi ◽  
S Ara ◽  
M Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Immune Complex ◽  
Mesangial Cells ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Medical University

Renal biopsy tissues were taken from 142 suspected glomerulonephritic patients who were admitted into the Department of Nephrology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka and Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka. The tissues were processed for both Light Microscopy (LM) and Direct Immunofluorescence (DIF) studies. The study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka and Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka, from March to December 1999. Seven histopathological types of glomerulonephritis were identified with LM and another one type i.e. IgA Nephropathy was identified exclusively by using DIF. Diffuse immunofluorescence positivity was found in 44.36% cases. C3 components were found in all cases irrespective of the histopathological type of glomerulonephritis. Immune complex deposits were observed in immunofluorescence both in the mesangium and the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) with more generalized and less scattered distributions. Immunoglobulins (Ig) were tested for IgG, IgA and IgM. IgG was found the most common (74.60%) among immune complex deposits. Notable LM features include proliferation of mesangial cells, expansion of mesangial matrix, thickening of GBM, infiltration of glomerular macrophages, platelets and neutrophil and crescent formation. The presence of IgG in the mesangium of the kidney of the glomerulonephritic patient suggests a role of IgG in the inflammatory process. There is also evidence that C3 is synthesized within the glomeruli of the patients with glomerulonephritis. Finding the role of the complement components in pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, a keen observation is needed to determine the extent of local complement synthesis and their involvement in tissue injury process. Key words: Complement synthesis; immune complex; glomerulonephritis; renal biopsy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v20i1.8566 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2011; 20(1) : 15-19

Immune complexes: characteristics, clinical correlations, and interpretive approaches in the clinical laboratory.

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1259-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
S E Ritzmann ◽  
J C Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Immune Complex ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Therapeutic Monitoring ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Antigen Antibody

Abstract Immune-complex-mediated injury is thought to play a role in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, serum sickness, various infectious diseases, and malignancies. With increased appreciation of the biological and pathological significance of circulating immune complexes has come efforts to develop appropriate techniques for identifying and measuring them. Common approaches exploit such phenomena as the attachment of complement components to antigen-antibody complexes, the presence of specialized receptors for immune complexes at the surface of cells, and the ability of rheumatoid factor to bind with immune complexes. This variety of assay systems for immune complexes has yielded abstruse results in numerous human pathological conditions. Unfortunately, these results seldom correlate with one another in a given disease. Thus, use of a panel of immune complex assays has been recommended. Indirect consequences of immune complex disease may still be appraised and evaluated with some confidence in clinical medicine: measurements of C3 and C4, cryoglobulins, serum viscosity, and turbidity of serum samples. Measurement of immune complexes may be useful in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring, but it is the characterization of immune complexes that holds the greatest potential for better understanding of disease mechanisms.

scholarly journals Disease Ionomics: Understanding the Role of Ions in Complex Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8646
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Yinzhen Xu ◽  
Lin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Complex Disease ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Complex Diseases ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Systematic Understanding ◽  
Elemental Profiling ◽  
Made In

Ionomics is a novel multidisciplinary field that uses advanced techniques to investigate the composition and distribution of all minerals and trace elements in a living organism and their variations under diverse physiological and pathological conditions. It involves both high-throughput elemental profiling technologies and bioinformatic methods, providing opportunities to study the molecular mechanism underlying the metabolism, homeostasis, and cross-talk of these elements. While much effort has been made in exploring the ionomic traits relating to plant physiology and nutrition, the use of ionomics in the research of serious diseases is still in progress. In recent years, a number of ionomic studies have been carried out for a variety of complex diseases, which offer theoretical and practical insights into the etiology, early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of them. This review aims to give an overview of recent applications of ionomics in the study of complex diseases and discuss the latest advances and future trends in this area. Overall, disease ionomics may provide substantial information for systematic understanding of the properties of the elements and the dynamic network of elements involved in the onset and development of diseases.

scholarly journals Influence of Hypoxia on the Epithelial-Pathogen Interactions in the Lung: Implications for Respiratory Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee K. Page ◽  
Karl J. Staples ◽  
C. Mirella Spalluto ◽  
Alastair Watson ◽  
Tom M. A. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Tissue Hypoxia ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens

Under normal physiological conditions, the lung remains an oxygen rich environment. However, prominent regions of hypoxia are a common feature of infected and inflamed tissues and many chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases are associated with mucosal and systemic hypoxia. The airway epithelium represents a key interface with the external environment and is the first line of defense against potentially harmful agents including respiratory pathogens. The protective arsenal of the airway epithelium is provided in the form of physical barriers, and the production of an array of antimicrobial host defense molecules, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, in response to activation by receptors. Dysregulation of the airway epithelial innate immune response is associated with a compromised immunity and chronic inflammation of the lung. An increasing body of evidence indicates a distinct role for hypoxia in the dysfunction of the airway epithelium and in the responses of both innate immunity and of respiratory pathogens. Here we review the current evidence around the role of tissue hypoxia in modulating the host-pathogen interaction at the airway epithelium. Furthermore, we highlight the work needed to delineate the role of tissue hypoxia in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in addition to novel respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the epithelial-pathogen interactions in the setting of hypoxia will enable better understanding of persistent infections and complex disease processes in chronic inflammatory lung diseases and may aid the identification of novel therapeutic targets and strategies.

scholarly journals ACUTE IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASE IN RABBITS

1971 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Henson ◽  
C. G. Cochrane
Keyword(s):  
Immune Complex ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Immune Complex Disease ◽  
Neutrophil Accumulation ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Arterial Lesions ◽  
Immunological Reactions ◽  
Independent Reaction

By depletion of C3 from rabbits undergoing acute experimental immune complex disease with an anticomplementary factor in cobra venom, it has been possible to demonstrate that deposition of the complexes in arteries and glomeruli does not require the complement components reacting after C2. Immunological reactions, in which platelets release their vasoactive amines, have been examined in rabbits undergoing immune complex disease. A correlation was obtained between the presence of a complement-independent reaction which required blood leukocytes, antigen and platelets, the deposition of immune complexes, and the induction of glomerulonephritis. C3 depletion did, however, have a marked alleviating effect on the severity of the arterial lesions. Neutrophil accumulation and the subsequent necrotizing arteritis were prevented. In contrast, the character and severity of the glomerulonephritis was not altered by depletion of later-acting complement components.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to T Cell-Mediated Injury in Immune Complex Disease Is Linked to Local Activation of Renin-Angiotensin System: The Role of NF-AT Pathway

2002 ◽  
Vol 169 (8) ◽  
pp. 4136-4146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Suzuki ◽  
Carmen Gómez-Guerrero ◽  
Isao Shirato ◽  
Oscar López-Franco ◽  
Purificación Hernández-Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Complex ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Immune Complex Disease ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Local Activation

scholarly journals Role of Tumor and Stroma-Derived IGF/IGFBPs in Pancreatic Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1228
Author(s):  
Divya Thomas ◽  
Prakash Radhakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Signaling Axis ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Novel Therapeutic ◽  
Made In

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the utmost stroma-rich cancer, which is accompanied by fibrotic reactions that stimulate interactions between tumor cells and stroma to promote tumor progression. Considerable research evidence denotes that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) signaling axis facilitate tumor growth, metastasis, drug resistance, and thereby facilitate PC into an advanced stage. The six members of IGFBPs were initially considered as passive carriers of free IGFs; however, current evidence revealed their functions beyond the endocrine role in IGF transport. Though numerous efforts have been made in blocking IGF/IGFBPs, the targeted therapies remain unsuccessful due to the complexity of tumor-stromal interactions in the pancreas. In this review, we explore the emerging evidence of the various roles of the tumor as well as stroma derived IGF/IGFBPs and highlight as a novel therapeutic target against PC progression.

scholarly journals RENAL DEPOSITION OF SOLUBLE IMMUNE COMPLEXES IN MICE BEARING B-16 MELANOMA

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula K. F. Poskitt ◽  
Thomas R. Poskitt ◽  
John H. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Immune Complex ◽  
Tumor Antigen ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Tumor Progress ◽  
Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity ◽  
Soluble Immune Complexes ◽  
Complex Deposition

Histologic and immunofluorescence studies of the kidneys of mice bearing a progressive melanoma show a proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with immune complex deposition in the mesangium and along the glomerular basement membrane This immune complex disease is distinct from the age-associated disease of the C57BL/6J host strain and the complexes can be shown to consist of soluble tumor antigen and antitumor antibody. Furthermore, the intensity of IgG complex deposition correlates directly with tumor progress (size and metastases) and inversely with mononuclear leukocyte infiltration of the tumor. In vitro assays for lymphocyte cytotoxicity and humoral antibody were found to be less reliable indicators of tumor progress. The possible role of circulating soluble tumor antigen in modifying the immune response to tumors is discussed.

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