scholarly journals Determinants of Desired and Actual Number of Children and the Risk of having more than Two Children in Ghana and Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLAOLUWA SIMON YAYA ◽  
Olawale D. Osanyintupin ◽  
Olalekan J. Akintande
Keyword(s):  
Actual Number ◽  
Number Of Children

Follow-up on the diagnostic level of children covered by the Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening Program in Poland, divided into voivodships

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Grażyna Greczka ◽  
Monika Zych ◽  
Piotr Dąbrowski ◽  
Anna Gasińska ◽  
Anna Król ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Neonatal Hearing Screening ◽  
Central Database ◽  
Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening ◽  
Test Result

Introduction: Thanks to the Polish Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening Program (PUNHSP), All newborns in Poland undergo a free, screening hearing examination. Between 2006 and 2015, the average number of tested children per year was 373,477. According to the analysis of The Central Database(CDB), only 55.8% of the children attended the detailed hearing examinations at the second level of the Program. Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the dates concerning the attendance of the children at the diagnostic level of PUNHSP in different regions of Poland. Materials and methods: To conduct an analysis of this fact and find out the reasons for the low attendance at the second level in 2015, a telephone survey questionnaire was developed for parents whose children had not registered for further consultation - 3,239 randomly selected parents. Results: The analysis revealed that the number of children examined at the second diagnostic level of the program is in fact much higher than the results of The Central Database show. The actual number is 83.6% as opposed to 55,8%. As a result of the telephone questionnaire, some inaccuracies in the input data to the CDB were detected. The main errors involved in the gathering of information for the CDB was the incorrect OAE test result and the lack of performed examination. Conclusion: In Poland, the worst results for the attendance to the diagnostic level (the results were a comparison of the questionnaire results compared to the CDB) was shown in Pomorskie, Lubelskie, Mazowieckie, and Podlaskie regions. In many cases, there was a large difference in reality to what the information in the CDB claimed. The improvement of clarity concerning the CDB application is important in order to minimize the possibility of malformation in the CDB.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Number of Children in Five Developed Countries: A Statistical Analysis with an Evolutionary Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahito Morita ◽  
Hisashi Ohtsuki ◽  
Akira Sasaki ◽  
Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Unique Factor

Evolutionary studies of reproductive fitness will lead to a deep understanding of the evolution of human behavior. However, empirical studies that include Japanese data are rare. We analyze statistical data that include subjects in five developed countries (Japan, South Korea, United States, France and Sweden). Distributions of the actual and desired numbers of children of people aged 45 or older peak at two in all countries. Our analysis shows that the unique factor that affects the actual number of children is the age of first marriage (in Japan and U.S.) or household income (in France). Other factors, such as education level, hardly affect the actual number or presence of children. We suggest directions of future studies from these results.

scholarly journals Inertial reproduction: is the two-child psychology the rule in Costa Rica?

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Cristina Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Child Psychology ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Initial Preference ◽  
Demand For Children

This paper uses data from National Surveys on Sexual and Reproductive Health to test whether variables related to identity, sexuality and contraceptive knowledge are associated with the preference and demand for children in Costa Rica.  Both the preferred and actual number of children are estimated with a double hurdle model.  The findings indicate that preferences for children seem to be quite fixed around two children and are mainly associated with religious beliefs and the person’s gender, but they are not found to be associated with human capital.  In contrast, the probability of having a child and the number of children are related to investment in human capital and sex education.  Hence, human capital might be relevant in bringing a child into the world, but not in the initial preference.

scholarly journals Procreational Desires and Their Realization: A Study of Target Groups with Parents

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Vilma Ražauskienė ◽  
Lina Šumskaitė
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
The Common

Scientific research has shown that the procreational intentions and the actual number of children born may not coincide (Lutz 2020; Stankūnienė et al 2013; Testa 2013). Although the most common ideal number of children in European Union is two, not a single country has the total fertility rate of two (Beaujoun ir Sobotka 2014). The aim of current research is, first, to ascertain what procreational desires people have and, second, to shed some light on possible factors that influence the realization of those procreational desires. Three focus group discussions were conducted with parents 26 – 44 years of age (ten participants in total). It was found out that the procreational desires are not static and early determined: they change depending on the circumstances of the family creation, self-realisation in one‘s occupation and the reconciliation of the procreational desires of the partners. In accordance to other studies on the topic of procreational desires and their fulfillment, the results of this study demonstrate that the common obstacles that arise while trying to realize one‘s procreational desires are of social, financial and medical nature. Also, the results show that state support for families may have an impact on the number of children a family has if the family has been enduring some financial difficulties.

EFFECTS OF INDEX LEARNING STYLES (ILS) ON LEARNERS PREFERENCES STYLES TOWARDS LEARNING AUTISM BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasni Dolah ◽  
Mohamad Omar Bidin
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Past Research ◽  
School Level ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
Visual Learners ◽  
Multimedia Learning Environment

In Malaysia, the issue of Autism is silently increasing and it needs to be considered seriously by a society. Azizan (2008) stated that based on a research conducted in Perak; one in every 625 children was autistic. Even though the finding does not represent the actual number of children being affected in Malaysia, the actual number might be higher than that in the real situation. The lack of research particularly on how society should be taught on this disability makes the situation become worse. Nobody knows what causes autism; no proper guide has been distributed and no information on autism was shared at school level. Autism needs special attention from society since the cause of this disability was unknown. More support in terms of research and guidance is needed. Most of the past research and study only focused on autistic children and their parents. Those findings mostly too scientific to be understood by the societies and the results does not often to be published. So in order to increase the knowledge and awareness of learners', the learners preferences style need to be identify in the first place so that when designing the learning material, it can suits and match with their learning styles. In this case, the instrument of Index Learning Styles (ILS) which developed by Felder and Soloman (1994) has been utilized. This instrument consists of forty four (44) items that fall under four categories; Sensing-intuitive, Visual-verbal, Active-reflective and sequential-global. The finding shows that visual learners are dominant compared to text learners. The findings from this study help researcher to develop a suitable an Interactive Multimedia Learning Environment (IMLE) which based on visuals characters which can helps society in learning Autistic behavioral symptoms.

scholarly journals Factors that Influence the Coverage of Vaccination against Pneumococcal Infections of Children up to 1 Year Old of Age at the Starting Phase of Vaccination

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Filatov ◽  
M. P. Kostinov ◽  
T. N. Elagina ◽  
M. N. Loktionova ◽  
E. V. Lisitsyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Parental Attitude ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Modest Level ◽  
New Moscow

Whereas the quality of the program depends on promptness, full coverage, vaccination schedule abidance. Taking new Moscow regions as an example there have been studied factors influencing vaccination against Pneumococcal infection (PI). Insufficient provision of the vaccine to reach the desired level of coverage has been detected: in 2014 only 67.57% of liable children could receive double vaccination; the available quantity of vaccine in 2015 was able to provide 33. 84% of children up to 12 months old with double vaccination.However, the actual number of children vaccinated turned to be much lower (0.23% in 2014 and 20.85% in 2015).The survey of the doctors with the purpose of defining the level of knowledge and commitment to the vaccination against PI has shown a modest level of epidemiology, clinical implications, PIimmunoprophylaxis method awareness. Parental attitude towards PI vaccination has been estimated as positive. Parental interest to opportunities of immunoprophylaxis against PI is worthwhile noting despite the insufficient level of knowledgeability of its effects. Hence 74.5% of parents whose children are not vaccinated against PI would like to start vaccination, however a part of them look into receiving more information (29.41% parents).

Speech Therapy Services in a Large School System: A Six-Year Overview

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance P. DesRoches
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Case Load ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
School Population ◽  
System A ◽  
Therapy Services ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Selection Factors

A statistical review provides analysis of four years of speech therapy services of a suburban school system which can be used for comparison with other school system programs. Included are data on the percentages of the school population enrolled in therapy, the categories of disabilities and the number of children in each category, the sex and grade-level distribution of those in therapy, and shifts in case-load selection. Factors affecting changes in case-load profiles are identified and discussed.

Assessment and Intervention for Children With Limited English Proficiency and Language Disorders

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Roseberry-McKibbin
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Limited English Proficiency ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Academic Difficulties ◽  
Language Differences ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

The number of children with limited English proficiency (LEP) in U.S. public schools is growing dramatically. Speech-language pathologists increasingly receive referrals from classroom teachers for children with limited English proficiency who are struggling in school. The speech-language pathologists are frequently asked to determine if the children have language disorders that may be causing or contributing to their academic difficulties. Most speech-language pathologists are monolingual English speakers who have had little or no coursework or training related to the needs of LEP children. This article discusses practical, clinically applicable ideas for assessment and treatment of LEP children who are language impaired, and gives suggestions for distinguishing language differences from language disorders in children with limited English proficiency.

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