scholarly journals Effects of pyriproxyfen and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915 on enzymatic antioxidant defense system and hemocytes of Galleria mellonella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
Benay TUNÇSOY ◽  
Pınar ÖZALP
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

scholarly journals Antioxidant protection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant

The literature review summarizes the data on the classification and characteristics of the antioxidant defense system. This model combines a number of different substances. Each of the components of the antioxidant system acts in close connection with its other structural elements, harmoniously complements, and in many cases – enhances the action of each other. The functional basis of the system of antioxidant protection is formed by the glutathione system, the constituent elements of which are actually glutathione and enzymes that catalyze the reactions of its reverse transformation (oxidation ↔ reduction). Most researchers conventionally divide the system of antioxidant protection into enzymatic and non-enzymatic. The enzyme links of the antioxidant defense system include: catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase and other enzymes. The non-enzymatic system includes fat-soluble vitamins A, E and K, water-soluble vitamins C and PP, biogenic amines, glutathione, carotenoids, ubiquinone, sterols. Both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems are present in the bloodstream. The activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system is very well regulated and depends on age, physiological condition, hormone dynamics, intensity of antioxidant enzyme synthesis, pH, presence of coenzymes, inhibitors, activators and other factors. The non-enzymatic part of the antioxidant system does not require as many regulators as the chemical itself - the antioxidant - reacts chemically with the radical. Only the reaction rate can change. The lungs are directly exposed to oxygen and oxidants of polluted air, they are most sensitive to oxidative damage, so they have an increased possibility of free radical reactions. Protection against the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species and free radicals is provided by anti-radical protective systems, especially the glutathione system and its enzymes. Numerous papers have obtained clinical and experimental data on the important role of free radical oxidation of lipids (FROL) and antioxidant systems (AOS) protection in the development of many diseases, including pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The review presents modern views on the state of the system of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant protection in TB. The main topic of the review is information on the generation of free radical compounds by different populations of leukocytes with further enhancement of LPO and secondary deepening of functional disorders. The article substantiates the feasibility of identifying LPO products as non-specific markers of aseptic inflammation in TB and the need to develop new generations of antioxidants. One of the universal mechanisms of damage to cell membranes is LPO, the excessive activation of which is normally prevented by factors of the antioxidant defense system. Membrane-bound enzymes involved in the formation of LPO products include lipoxy and cyclooxygenases. Lipoperoxidation processes change the structure and phospholipid composition of cell membranes, which negatively affects the cellular immune response due to damage to the mechanisms of information transfer from extracellular regulators to intracellular effector systems.

Melatonin levels and enzymatic antioxidant defense system decrease in blood of patients with bronchial asthma

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Gumral ◽  
S Calıskan ◽  
F Ozgüner ◽  
S Kaleli ◽  
A Akkaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant

scholarly journals Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic Antioxidant System in Young Plants of Tachigali vulgaris Submitted to Drought

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Wander Luiz da S. Ataíde ◽  
Glauco André dos S. Nogueira ◽  
Ana Ecídia de A. Brito ◽  
Ellen Gleice da S. Lima ◽  
Juscelino Gonçalves Palheta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Significant Difference

Tachigali vulgaris is a pioneer species, colonizing marginal lands and roadsides, often initiates secondary succession in open areas by the intense germination of their seeds in the soil. The main components of the antioxidant defense system can be divided into enzyme found primarily intracellularly (superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, etc.) and small non-enzymatic molecules that can be divided into soluble in water (ascorbic acid, glutathione and bilirubin) and lipid soluble (α-tocopherol, β-carotene and lycopene). Plants were then separated into leaves and roots, wrapped in aluminum foil and stored in Ultrafreezer at -80 °C. To determine the enzymatic activity and biochemical analyzes, the plant material was first frozen in liquid nitrogen and subsequently lyophilized. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 3 × 2 (three times: zero, five and ten days of water suspension, and two water conditions: control and drought stress), with four repetitions. Analysis of variance was applied to the results and when significant difference, the means were compared using the t test adopting the 5% level of probability through the statistical package (7.7 beta Assistat, 2015). Since they were able to drive quickly the enzymatic antioxidant defense system (SOD, CAT and APX), however, failing to reduce oxidative damage resulting in the death of them.

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