scholarly journals Size and shape variations in wing morphology of Anopheles maculipennis s.s. Meigen, 1818 (Diptera: Culicidae) from northeastern Turkey

2022 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-510
Author(s):  
Berna DEMİRCİ
Keyword(s):  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Anopheles Maculipennis

scholarly journals Annual Variability of Wing Morphology in Culex sitiens Wiedemann (Diptera, Culicidae) Mosquito Vectors from the Coastal Area of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanawat Chaiphongpachara ◽  
Sedthapong Laojun
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Size And Shape

Culex sitiens Wiedemann (Diptera, Culicidae) is a mosquito vector that is found in coastal areas. Effective control of mosquitoes requires knowledge of the biology, ecology, and behavior of the vector as well as of various other aspects, including its morphology. Currently, variations in the wing size and shape of coastal Cx. sitiens have not been described. Here, morphological changes were studied in the wings of Cx. sitiens from a coastal area of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. Samples were collected at night (6:00 pm–6:00 am) during single weeks of September in the years 2015–2017 using Center for Disease Control light traps with dry ice as bait. Eighteen landmarks of each individual were selected and digitized for landmark-based geometric morphometric analyses. Wing size variability was estimated using the isometric estimator of centroid size. Wing-shape variables were computed as Procrustes superimposition with residual coordinates of the 18 landmarks following a Generalized Procrustes Analysis and the principal components of residual coordinates. Degrees of wing-shape dissimilarity among individuals were analyzed using discriminant analysis or canonical variate analysis, which was illustrated in a discriminant space of canonical variables. Differences in wing size and shape among populations were calculated using nonparametric permutations based on 1000 runs with Bonferroni correction tests at a p-value of <0.05. The wing sizes and shapes of the mosquitoes differed significantly between observation years in all population groups, as indicated by nonparametric tests (1000 runs) with the Bonferroni correction. Differing rainfall between observation years was related to morphological changes in mosquito populations, presumably reflecting environmental adaptation. Differences in the wing morphology of Cx. sitiens between annual populations reflect adaptation to environmental variables such as rainfall and may affect the potential to act as insect vectors of human disease. These observations may facilitate the development of tools for managing mosquito-borne disease.

scholarly journals Taxonomy of the winged popcorn flower: Cryptantha pterocarya (Boraginaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAKENZIE E. MABRY ◽  
REGINA A. DOWDY ◽  
LEE M. SIMPSON ◽  
JON P. REBMAN ◽  
MICHAEL G. SIMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Voucher Specimens

Cryptantha pterocarya (Boraginaceae), the winged nut popcorn flower, is distinguished in part by nutlets with marginal, typically lobed wings. Four varieties of this species have been accepted in recent treatments: vars. cycloptera, pterocarya, purpusii, and stenoloba. We tested the taxonomic discreteness, degree of variation, and geographic range of these varieties of C. pterocarya by examining material from numerous voucher specimens. We quantified differences among specimens by measuring or calculating twenty features of the corolla and fruit, the latter focusing on mature (fruiting) calyx and nutlet characteristics. Type specimens of all four varieties were examined and quantified, and all specimens were georeferenced and mapped. From our observations and measurements, we recognize two new morphological forms in the complex, termed the “pseudocycloptera” form and the “truncata” form. The “pseudocycloptera” form is similar to var. pterocarya but is homomorphic, with all four nutlets winged. The “truncata” form is similar to var. cycloptera, but is heteromorphic, with the odd nutlet having a reduced basal wing (somewhat truncate in shape) and having a slightly reduced gynobase stipe. We conclude that C. p. var. pterocarya, var. purpusii, and var. stenoloba should continue to be recognized as taxa at that rank. The “pseudocycloptera” form, although generally morphologically discrete in nutlet heteromophism, shows some intergradation, even within a specimen, of the typical form of C. p. var. pterocarya and exhibits no clear geographic discontinuity; it should thus be recognized as a homomorphic form of that taxon, which we formally name forma pseudocycloptera. Variety purpusii should continue to be recognized at that rank given its variation in nutlet wing morphology but with continuity in geographic range. Variety stenoloba should also continue to be recognized at this rank given its distinctive calyx and nutlet body size and shape, but having a quite limited geographic range. We conclude that what has been most commonly recognized as C. pterocarya var. cycloptera should be resurrected to the rank of species, as C. cycloptera, because of the distinctiveness of this taxon in three, discrete morphological characters, one of which (gynobase stipe) was previously undescribed. The “truncata” form, which shows some intergradation with C. cycloptera and lacks geographic discontinuity, should be recognized as a heteromorphic form of C. cycloptera, which we formally name forma truncata. A revised key is proposed to better accommodate the identity of these taxa and forms. We hope that future molecular studies will elucidate the phylogenetic relationships, character evolution, and geographic history of this interesting taxonomic complex.

scholarly journals Conserved and Divergent Aspects of Plasticity and Sexual Dimorphism in Wing Size and Shape in Three Diptera

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micael Reis ◽  
Natalia Siomava ◽  
Ernst A. Wimmer ◽  
Nico Posnien
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Rearing Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The ability of powered flight in insects facilitated their great evolutionary success allowing them to occupy various ecological niches. Beyond this primary task, wings are often involved in various premating behaviors, such as the generation of courtship songs and the initiation of mating in flight. These specific functions imply special adaptations of wing morphology, as well as sex-specific wing morphologies. Although wing morphology has been extensively studied in Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen, 1830), a comprehensive understanding of developmental plasticity and the impact of sex on wing size and shape plasticity is missing for other Diptera. Therefore, we raised flies of the three Diptera species Drosophila melanogaster, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) and Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758) at different environmental conditions and applied geometric morphometrics to analyze wing shape. Our data showed extensive interspecific differences in wing shape, as well as a clear sexual wing shape dimorphism in all three species. We revealed an impact of different rearing temperatures on wing shape in all three species, which was mostly explained by plasticity in wing size in D. melanogaster. Rearing densities had significant effects on allometric wing shape in D. melanogaster, while no obvious effects were observed for the other two species. Additionally, we did not find evidence for sex-specific response to different rearing conditions in D. melanogaster and C. capitata, while a male-specific impact of different rearing conditions was observed on non-allometric wing shape in M. domestica. Overall, our data strongly suggests that many aspects of wing morphology underly species-specific adaptations and we discuss potential developmental and functional implications of our results.

Unbiased estimation of particle number and sizes using the new stereological tools: the disector, the fractionator, the selector, and the nucleator — or just point-sampled intercepts

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
H.J.G. Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Number ◽  
Small Distance ◽  
Parallel Plane ◽  
Unbiased Estimation ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
New Era ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Distinct Property ◽  
Sectioned Tissue

Previously, all stereological estimation of particle number and sizes were based on models and notoriously gave biased results, were very inefficient to use and difficult to justify. For all references to old methods and a direct comparison with unbiased methods see recent reviews.The publication in 1984 of the DISECTOR, the first unbiased stereological probe for sampling and counting 3—D objects irrespective of their size and shape, signalled the new era in stereology — and give rise to a number of remarkably simple and efficient techniques based on its distinct property: It is the only known way to obtain an unbiased sample of 3-D objects (cells, organelles, etc). The principle is simple: within a 2-D unbiased frame count or sample only cells which are not hit by a parallel plane at a known, small distance h.The area of the frame and h must be known, which might sometimes in itself be a problem, albeit usually a small one. A more severe problem may arise because these constants are known at the scale of the fixed, embedded and sectioned tissue which is often shrunken considerably.

The influence of confocal microscope design on imaging performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
C J R Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Confocal Microscope ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Weak Signals ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Imaging Performance ◽  
Fundamental Limitation

The confocal microscope is now widely used in both biomedical and industrial applications for imaging, in three dimensions, objects with appreciable depth. There are now a range of different microscopes on the market, which have adopted a variety of different designs. The aim of this paper is to explore the effects on imaging performance of design parameters including the method of scanning, the type of detector, and the size and shape of the confocal aperture.It is becoming apparent that there is no such thing as an ideal confocal microscope: all systems have limitations and the best compromise depends on what the microscope is used for and how it is used. The most important compromise at present is between image quality and speed of scanning, which is particularly apparent when imaging with very weak signals. If great speed is not of importance, then the fundamental limitation for fluorescence imaging is the detection of sufficient numbers of photons before the fluorochrome bleaches.

SIZE AND SHAPE OF CRYSTAL FACES ON HEATED METAL TIPS

1984 ◽  
Vol 45 (C9) ◽  
pp. C9-29-C9-37
Author(s):  
Vu Thien Binh ◽  
M. Drechsler
Keyword(s):  
Size And Shape ◽  
Heated Metal

Computational Technique for the Qualification of Focal Spot Size and Shape of Industrial Radioscopy Equipment Using Star Patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-486
Author(s):  
Marcela Tatiana Fernandes Beserra ◽  
◽  
Ricardo Tadeu Lopes ◽  
Davi Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Claudio Carvalho Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focal Spot ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Computational Technique ◽  
Focal Spot Size ◽  
Size And Shape

Normal mediastinal lymph node size and shape; CT and cadaver study

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
C K Im ◽  
K S Lee ◽  
M C Han ◽  
C W Kim
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Cadaver Study ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Lymph Node Size ◽  
Node Size

Manga Shakespeare and Cervantes: Trash or Reclamation?

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 155-167
Author(s):  
Penny Brown
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural Authority ◽  
Multimodal Texts ◽  
Page Layout ◽  
Don Quijote ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Word And Image ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Visual Skills

This paper considers the merit of manga versions of Shakespeare's Hamlet and Cervantes' Don Quijote de la Mancha which employ the impressionistic techniques of the Japanese comic format to create new, dynamic texts. Such multimodal texts demand different verbal and visual skills to decode the synergy between word and image and elements like the page layout, the size and shape of images and speech balloons and the style of lettering. Far from debasing the cultural authority of the originals by blurring the boundaries between high and popular culture, these versions can be seen as an act of salvage of the original texts from the perceived difficulties of challenging language and content, reinvigorating them with a vibrant immediacy. By making demands on the imagination and intellect in exciting ways, they may also salvage the act of reading itself by encouraging a young or reluctant readership, as well as the already enthusiastic, to explore new ways of engaging with a text.

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