scholarly journals On covariation between nasal consonant weakening and anticipatory vowel nasalization: Evidence from a Caribbean and a non-Caribbean dialect of Spanish

Author(s):  
Silvina Bongiovanni

In this study, I examine co-variation between the word-final nasal consonant and anticipatory vowel nasalization in two dialects of Spanish. In Caribbean dialects of Spanish, nasalization has been proposed as allophonic (an intended feature of the vowel) but elsewhere it is presumably coarticulatory (a marker of nasal consonant weakening). I argue that, when differences in the phonological interpretation of nasalization are factored in, the temporal extent of nasalization cannot be exclusively attributed to weakening of the nasal consonant. Twenty-eight speakers from Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) and twenty-six from Buenos Aires (Argentina) were recorded with a nasometer. Findings revealed that when the feature for nasality is phonologized in the representation of the vowel (Santo Domingo Spanish), earlier onset of nasalization can (and does) obtain with little (and arguably even without) weakening of the nasal. By analyzing nasal consonant weakening concurrently with anticipatory vowel nasalization, this study bridges the gap between the aforementioned sources of variation in nasalization.

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvina Bongiovanni

Abstract Spanish dialectology observes that dialects with a preference for velarized variants of /n/ (e.g. Caribbean dialects) include nasalized vocalic allophones in their inventory. Instrumental cross-dialectal comparisons of Spanish anticipatory nasalization, however, remain surprisingly rare. To this end, I compare the time-course of nasality in pre-nasal vowels in Argentine and Dominican Spanish, as well as across a number of linguistic variables described in the phonetic, sociolinguistic and historical literature. Twenty-eight speakers from Santo Domingo and twenty-six from Buenos Aires were recorded with a nasometer, an ideal instrument for data collection in the field. Measurements of nasal energy were extracted to acoustically characterize the time-course of nasality. Results indicate that Dominican speakers present more extensive anticipatory vowel nasalization than Argentine speakers. These findings are consistent with observations of allophonic nasalization (i.e. phonologized) in the Caribbean dialect under study, Dominican Spanish. Regarding the linguistic variables, stressed pre-nasal vowels showed earlier onset of nasalization, particularly among the Caribbean speakers, which further provides support for the phonological differences in vowel nasality.


2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-100
Author(s):  
Christina Cecelia Davidson

AbstractThis article examines North Atlantic views of Protestant missions and race in the Dominican Republic between 1905 and 1911, a brief period of political stability in the years leading up to the U.S. Occupation (1916–1924). Although Protestant missions during this period remained small in scale on the Catholic island, the views of British and American missionaries evidence how international perceptions of Dominicans transformed in the early twentieth century. Thus, this article makes two key interventions within the literature on Caribbean race and religion. First, it shows how outsiders’ ideas about the Dominican Republic's racial composition aimed to change the Dominican Republic from a “black” country into a racially ambiguous “Latin” one on the international stage. Second, in using North Atlantic missionaries’ perspectives to track this shift, it argues that black-led Protestant congregations represented a possible alternative future that both elite Dominicans and white North Atlantic missionaries rejected.


2005 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 1291-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suellen Miller ◽  
Tara Lehman ◽  
Martha Campbell ◽  
Anke Hemmerling ◽  
Sonia Brito Anderson ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Cesar Manuel Lozano ◽  
Manuel Antonio Vasquez Tineo ◽  
Maritza Ramirez ◽  
Maria Isabel Infante

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Zingman ◽  
Amarilis Then Paulino ◽  
Matilde Peguero Payano

Objective. To further characterize chikungunya virus infection and its associated clinical manifestations, using a sample of university professors and staff in Santo Domingo, the Dominican Republic. Methods. A cross-sectional study with quota sampling by department was performed to obtain a convenience sample of professors (n = 736) and staff (n = 499) at the Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo. Surveys were used to collect demographic and infection data during the fall term of 2014. Univariate and bivariate analyses were carried out to quantify infection and clinical manifestation prevalence and to assess relationships of these outcomes with age, sex, and acute phase duration. Results. Of 1 236 participants, 49% reported infection (professors = 41%; staff = 61%). Of these, 53% also reported the presence of chronic effects, largely arthralgia (48%). Significant relationships were observed between reported infection and sex (P = 0.023), age (P < 0.001), and occupation (P < 0.001). More headache (P = 0.008) and edema (P < 0.001) in females, more headache (P = 0.005) in younger subjects, and more myalgia (P = 0.006) in those with longer acute symptoms were found. Additionally, more chronic arthralgia (P < 0.001; P = 0.003) and chronic edema (P < 0.001; P = 0.001) in females and older subjects, and more chronic myalgia (P = 0.041) and chronic edema (P = 0.037) in those with longer acute symptoms were observed. Conclusions. To the authors knowledge, this is the first population-based chikungunya prevalence study in the Dominican Republic, and the first to explore clinical manifestations in a university setting. The findings reflect results from studies following the 2005 – 2006 Reunion Island outbreak: prevalence of infection and chronic arthralgia, as well as associations with sex, age, and acute intensity. Longitudinal research can provide further insight into these effects.


Arts & Health ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Padilla ◽  
Armando Matiz-Reyes ◽  
José Félix Colón-Burgos ◽  
Nelson Varas-Díaz ◽  
John Vertovec

Author(s):  
Джордж Парарас-Караяннис

Пересмотренные официальные записи Следственного суда ВМС США содержат выводы о том, что разрушение бронированного крейсера USS Memphis 29 августа 1916 года на якоре у гавани Санто-Доминго (Сьюдад-Трухильо) Доминиканской Республики, остров Эспаньола, вероятно, было вызвано «тропическим волнением» «сейсмической бурей» или «цунами». Тем не менее, современный анализ этой морской катастрофы свидетельствует о том, что гибель корабля произошла не по какой-либо из этих причин, а из-за волн-убийц метеоцунами, вызванных быстрым, значительным и прогрессирующим падением атмосферного давления, которое началось в районе около 22 августа и было связано с проходящим ураганом, который в его самой близкой точке был около 250 морских миль на юг. Кроме того, штормовые волны от этого урагана двигались в направлении Санто-Доминго, преломляясь в резонансе у берега, и усиливались и трансформировались низким барометрическим давлением, мелким континентальным шельфом и местными особенностями побережья и батиметрией залива. Настоящий анализ основан на тщательном изучении судового журнала и наблюдений за событиями со стороны экипажа и людей на берегу. Учитывая ограниченные метеорологические данные того периода времени, в настоящем анализе использовался эмпирический подход для грубой оценки функции распределения Рэлея, верхнего предела изменчивости высоты штормовой волны вдали от наиболее интенсивных потоков ветра, а также максимального периода, длины волны и амплитуды генерируемых штормовых волн в глубине . Основываясь на теориях кноидальных волн и волн Эйри, период и скорость наиболее значительных экстремальных внутренних волн имели метеорологическое происхождение, которое было преобразовано в мелкой воде в результате резонансного и наложенного прихода двух других волн, которые создали трехступенчатое плато, на переднем фронте огромная одиночная волна-убийца метеоцунами высотой около 70 футов, с тремя четкими ступенями, двумя плато на передней поверхности и предшествующей впадиной длиной около 300 футов. Основываясь на этом анализе, настоящее исследование пришло к выводу, что именно эта значительная волна метеоцунами / волна-убийца в сочетании с одновременно прибывающими штормовыми волнами охватила Мемфис USS в 16 ч. 40 м. 29 августа 1916 года, разорвав цепи якорей и разрушая его на скалах Санто-Доминго. Official revised records of a U.S. Navy Court of Inquiry concluded that the 29 August 1916 destruction of the armored cruiser USS Memphis anchored off Santo Domingo (Ciudad Trujillo) harbor of the Dominican Republic, Island of Hispaniola, was probably caused by a “tropical disturbance”, a “seismic storm”, or a “tsunami”. However, the present analysis of this naval disaster documents that the loss of the ship was not due to any of these causes, but to rogue waves of a meteotsunami generated from a rapid, significant and progressive drop in atmospheric pressure which begun in the area around August 22 and was associated with a passing hurricane which at its closest point was about 250 nautical miles to the south. Also, storm waves from this hurricane moved towards Santo Domingo refracting in resonance near shore and were further amplified and transformed by the low barometric pressure, the shallow continental shelf and the local coastal features and bathymetry of the bay. The present analysis is based on careful examination of the ship’s log, and on observations of events by the crew and people on the shore. Given the limited meteorological data of that time period, the present analysis used an empirical approach to roughly evaluate the Rayleigh distribution function, the upper limit of storm wave height variability away from the most intense wind fetches, as well as the maximum period, wavelength and deep-water heights of generated storm waves. Based on Airy and cnoidal wave theories, the deep water period and celerity of the most significant extreme wave was of meteorological origin which was transformed in shallower water by the resonant and superimposed arrival of two other waves which created a three step plateau on the face of a huge single rogue wave of the meteotsunami, estimated to be about 70 feet in height, with three distinct steps, two plateaus on its forward face, and a preceding trough estimated to be 300 ft. long. Based on this analysis, the present study concluded that it was this significant meteotsunami/rogue wave, in combination with concurrently arriving storm swells, that engulfed the USS Memphis at 1640 hour in the afternoon of 29 August 1916 - breaking the chains of its anchors and wrecking it on the rocks of Santo Domingo.


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