scholarly journals Common birds during winter in the face of urbanization, foraging ecology questioned thanks to an original citizen science scheme (BirdLab)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Lorrilliere ◽  
François Chiron ◽  
Chloé Duffaut ◽  
Sébastien Turpin ◽  
Carmen Bessa-Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
The Face ◽  
Common Birds

scholarly journals Coastal heritage, global climate change, public engagement, and citizen science

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (15) ◽  
pp. 8280-8286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Dawson ◽  
Joanna Hambly ◽  
Alice Kelley ◽  
William Lees ◽  
Sarah Miller
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
New Ways Of Working ◽  
Catastrophic Loss ◽  
The Face ◽  
Present World

Climate change is threatening an uncalculated number of archaeological sites globally, totaling perhaps hundreds of thousands of culturally and paleoenvironmentally significant resources. As with all archaeological sites, they provide evidence of humanity’s past and help us understand our place in the present world. Coastal sites, clustered at the water’s edge, are already experiencing some of the most dramatic damage due to anthropogenic climate change, and the situation is predicted to worsen in the future. In the face of catastrophic loss, organizations around the world are developing new ways of working with this threatened coastal resource. This paper uses three examples from Scotland, Florida, and Maine to highlight how new partnerships and citizen science approaches are building communities of practice to better manage threatened coastal heritage. It compares methods on either side of the Atlantic and highlights challenges and solutions. The approaches are applicable to the increasing number of heritage sites everywhere at risk from climate change; the study of coastal sites thus helps society prepare for climate change impacts to heritage worldwide.

Applying the Geohumanities

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Magrane
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
The Face ◽  
Future Work

In recent years, geography has taken up a renewed engagement with humanities approaches to place, space, and environment. These approaches offer new possibilities for relevant, publicly engaged research and teaching; applying the geohumanities expands the techniques that which expands the techniques that geographers can employ to do engaged work in the face of great social and environmental challenges. This article describes two examples of applied geohumanities projects: a community course on climate change and poetry and a creative approach to a citizen science bioblitz. Building on these examples, four questions for future work in applied geohumanities are posed.

scholarly journals Locating species range frontiers: a cost and efficiency comparison of citizen science and hair-tube survey methods for use in tracking an invasive squirrel

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. Goldstein ◽  
Colin Lawton ◽  
Emma Sheehy ◽  
Fidelma Butler
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Sciurus Carolinensis ◽  
Grey Squirrel ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Grey Squirrels

Context Improved knowledge of changing species distributions is critically important for conservation managers in the face of increasing species invasions, habitat disturbance and climate change. Efficient monitoring of the location of advancing species invasion frontiers is especially crucial for effective species community and habitat management. Aims To compare the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of two survey methods, a citizen science survey and a traditional hair-tube survey, in their abilities to locate the current southern invasion frontier of grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) in Ireland. Methods In the citizen science survey, we collected sighting reports of the grey squirrel and its native congener, the red squirrel (S. vulgaris), from the geographic region of the invasion frontier from untrained members of the public over a 2-year period. Hair-tube surveys were carried out in 14 woodlands (≥30 ha) in the same geographic area to test the ability of this indirect field method to identify colonising grey squirrel populations. The costs, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of each method were compared. Key results The citizen science sighting reports resulted in the clear delineation of the southern frontier of the zone invaded by the grey squirrel. The hair-tube survey ascertained the presence of grey squirrels in 4 of 14 sites, but did not detect this species close to the invasion frontier defined by the citizen science survey. Even though the total cost of the citizen science survey was higher, it was more cost-effective and efficient on a per detection basis for the purposes of detecting the presence of grey and red squirrels. Conclusions The citizen science survey detected invasive squirrels in sites where the hair-tube survey did not. As such, the citizen science survey provided a more comprehensive snapshot of the location of the grey squirrel invasion frontier more efficiently and cost-effectively than did traditional field techniques. Implications In the face of increasing ecological and economic costs of biological invasions, we recommend straightforward citizen science surveys, over indirect field surveys, to managers and researchers seeking to efficiently track progressing invasions of readily observable animals cost-effectively.

scholarly journals A climate change adaptation measure through education and citizen science. The project FLOODUP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Llasat-Botija ◽  
Maria Carmen Llasat
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Structural Measures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Face ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Individual

<p>In this communication, FLOODUP, a strategy that combines a participatory methodology (citizen science) with educational activities, will be presented as a measure of adaptation to floods and their possible increase due to climate change. The adaptation strategies to climate change range from structural measures (building a dam, for example) to non-structural measures (legislation and improvement of risk assessment, for example). In recent years it has become clear that it is necessary to increase the risk awareness of the population in the face of extreme events such as floods, not only when they occur but also before and after (Hyogo Framework). The population's lack of awareness in front of natural hazards makes it difficult to take responsible decisions at the individual and community level. This is especially relevant considering the context of climate change, which also contributes with a perception of uncertainty. In this context, the development of innovative adaptation strategies based on the knowledge are needed. These strategies are also an opportunity to face the challenges associated with SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals).</p><p>The objective of FLOODUP project is double: (a) to improve the knowledge, capacitation and empowerment of the population in front of natural hazards and climatic change and (b) to collect information about their impact and management through citizen science. The tools developed in the project as a mobile application, questionnaires or educational materials will be presented. The main campaigns carried out will also be shown. Their aim is to generate spaces for reflection, especially after flood events. On the other hand, the itinerary of citizen science that is developed in secondary schools and its strengths and weaknesses will be presented. Finally, it will analyze how to respond to current challenges, such as those associated with the SDGs, from projects such as FLOODUP.</p><p>This work has been done in the framework of the M-CostAdapt (CTM2017-83655-C2-1&2-R) research project, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN-AEI/FEDER, UE) and the PIRAGUA project EFA210/16 Interreg V Spain-France-Andorre Programme (POCTEFA 2014-2020, EU).</p>

Unstructured citizen science data fail to detect long-term population declines of common birds in Denmark

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1024-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Kamp ◽  
Steffen Oppel ◽  
Henning Heldbjerg ◽  
Timme Nyegaard ◽  
Paul F. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Common Birds

Why do people believe in a zero-sum economy?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel G. B. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Everyday Experience ◽  
Coalitional Psychology ◽  
The Face ◽  
Zero Sum

AbstractZero-sum thinking and aversion to trade pervade our society, yet fly in the face of everyday experience and the consensus of economists. Boyer & Petersen's (B&P's) evolutionary model invokes coalitional psychology to explain these puzzling intuitions. I raise several empirical challenges to this explanation, proposing two alternative mechanisms – intuitive mercantilism (assigning value to money rather than goods) and errors in perspective-taking.

Mars: was There an Ancient Eden?

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 203-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias C. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Answer ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Habitable Zones ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Early Mars ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Rocky Planets ◽  
Impact Erosion

AbstractThe clear evidence of water erosion on the surface of Mars suggests an early climate much more clement than the present one. Using a model for the origin of inner planet atmospheres by icy planetesimal impact, it is possible to reconstruct the original volatile inventory on Mars, starting from the thin atmosphere we observe today. Evidence for cometary impact can be found in the present abundances and isotope ratios of gases in the atmosphere and in SNC meteorites. If we invoke impact erosion to account for the present excess of129Xe, we predict an early inventory equivalent to at least 7.5 bars of CO2. This reservoir of volatiles is adequate to produce a substantial greenhouse effect, provided there is some small addition of SO2(volcanoes) or reduced gases (cometary impact). Thus it seems likely that conditions on early Mars were suitable for the origin of life – biogenic elements and liquid water were present at favorable conditions of pressure and temperature. Whether life began on Mars remains an open question, receiving hints of a positive answer from recent work on one of the Martian meteorites. The implications for habitable zones around other stars include the need to have rocky planets with sufficient mass to preserve atmospheres in the face of intensive early bombardment.

Evidence for a shear mechanism for the precipitation of γ-zirconium hydride in zirconium

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
G.J.C. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Strain Field ◽  
Zirconium Hydride ◽  
Zirconium Atom ◽  
Atom Diffusion ◽  
Solvus Temperature ◽  
Hexagonal Close Packed ◽  
Partial Dislocations ◽  
The Face

In zirconium-hydrogen alloys, rapid cooling from an elevated temperature causes precipitation of the face-centred tetragonal (fct) phase, γZrH, in the form of needles, parallel to the close-packed <1120>zr directions (1). With low hydrogen concentrations, the hydride solvus is sufficiently low that zirconium atom diffusion cannot occur. For example, with 6 μg/g hydrogen, the solvus temperature is approximately 370 K (2), at which only the hydrogen diffuses readily. Shears are therefore necessary to produce the crystallographic transformation from hexagonal close-packed (hep) zirconium to fct hydride.The simplest mechanism for the transformation is the passage of Shockley partial dislocations having Burgers vectors (b) of the type 1/3<0110> on every second (0001)Zr plane. If the partial dislocations are in the form of loops with the same b, the crosssection of a hydride precipitate will be as shown in fig.1. A consequence of this type of transformation is that a cumulative shear, S, is produced that leads to a strain field in the surrounding zirconium matrix, as illustrated in fig.2a.

A study of interface sliding at F.C.C.-B.C.C. boundaries in a Cu-Zn alloy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 422-423
Author(s):  
F. Monchoux ◽  
A. Rocher ◽  
J.L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Diffusion Treatment ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
The Face ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Interface Sliding ◽  
Zn Alloy ◽  
Made In

Interphase sliding is an important phenomenon of high temperature plasticity. In order to study the microstructural changes associated with it, as well as its influence on the strain rate dependence on stress and temperature, plane boundaries were obtained by welding together two polycrystals of Cu-Zn alloys having the face centered cubic and body centered cubic structures respectively following the procedure described in (1). These specimens were then deformed in shear along the interface on a creep machine (2) at the same temperature as that of the diffusion treatment so as to avoid any precipitation. The present paper reports observations by conventional and high voltage electron microscopy of the microstructure of both phases, in the vicinity of the phase boundary, after different creep tests corresponding to various deformation conditions.Foils were cut by spark machining out of the bulk samples, 0.2 mm thick. They were then electropolished down to 0.1 mm, after which a hole with thin edges was made in an area including the boundary

The glycomes of Caenorhabditis elegans and other model organisms

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 117-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart M. Haslam ◽  
David Gems ◽  
Howard R. Morris ◽  
Anne Dell
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
The Face ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Nematode Worm

There is no doubt that the immense amount of information that is being generated by the initial sequencing and secondary interrogation of various genomes will change the face of glycobiological research. However, a major area of concern is that detailed structural knowledge of the ultimate products of genes that are identified as being involved in glycoconjugate biosynthesis is still limited. This is illustrated clearly by the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which was the first multicellular organism to have its entire genome sequenced. To date, only limited structural data on the glycosylated molecules of this organism have been reported. Our laboratory is addressing this problem by performing detailed MS structural characterization of the N-linked glycans of C. elegans; high-mannose structures dominate, with only minor amounts of complex-type structures. Novel, highly fucosylated truncated structures are also present which are difucosylated on the proximal N-acetylglucosamine of the chitobiose core as well as containing unusual Fucα1–2Gal1–2Man as peripheral structures. The implications of these results in terms of the identification of ligands for genomically predicted lectins and potential glycosyltransferases are discussed in this chapter. Current knowledge on the glycomes of other model organisms such as Dictyostelium discoideum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster is also discussed briefly.

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