Thermodynamic modeling of metal reduction from melts of high-iron oxidized nickel ore

Thermodynamic modeling is used to describe the metal reduction processes by hydrogen from oxide melt in the B2O3-CaO- MeO (Me – Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu) system. Open systems approximation with periodic removal of metal particles and gases from the working melt composition is used in the method. By this work we present the thermodynamic modeling results of metal reduction processes (Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn) by Hydrogen. The reducible metals oxides content in the all melts was 3 mass %, and the mass ratio of B2O3/CaO was taken as 3 to be close to eutectic composition. The calculations made it possible to determine such parameters as oxide melt compositions and elements reduction degree depending on the induced gas quantity. of the Nickel, Copper, Lead and Zinc reduction process simulation from B2O3-CaO-MeO melts proved the reduction process by Hydrogen is similar to that which was earlier established when Carbon monoxide was used as the reducing agent. When Copper is reduced from CuO, the process occurs with intermediate Cu2O oxide formation (CuO → Cu2O → Cu). The Nickel (NiO → Ni), Lead (PbO → Pbs + Pbg) and Zinc (ZnO → Zng) recovery have been realized by one stage. The non-ferrous metals change content in the oxide melt and the degrees of its reduction depending on temperature and reducing agent quantity introduced are described by the second-order polynomial functional equations. Comparison of the Carbon monoxide and Hydrogen used for Nickel, Copper, Lead, and Zinc reducing to 90% metallization degree proved much less Hydrogen consumption.

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ON THE PROCESSING OF HEMATITE RAW MATERIALS AT THE KRYVOROZHSK MINING AND PROCESSING PLANT OF OXIDIZED ORE ON TECHNOLOGY OF DIRECT RECOVERY ITmk3

Metallurgicheskaya i gornorudnaya promyshlennost ◽

10.33101/s005-59768574 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 32-37

Author(s):

P.I. Loboda ◽

Younes Razaz ◽

S. Grishchenko

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Cast Iron ◽

Iron Content ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Direct Reduction ◽

Processing Plant ◽

High Iron Content ◽

High Iron ◽

Direct Restoration ◽

First Time

Purpose. To substantiate the efficiency of processing hematite raw materials at the Krivoy Rog Mining and Processing Plant of Oxidized Ores using the direct reduction technology itmk3®. Metodology. Analysis of the results of the itmk3® direct restoration technology developed by Kobe Steel Ltd., Japan and Hares Engineering GmbX, Austria, with a view to using it to process Krivbass hematite ores into granulated iron (so-called “nuggets”). Findings. The involvement in the production of hematite ores (oxidized quartzite) of Krivbass with high iron content, but with low magnetic properties for their processing into granular cast iron is grounded. Originality. The use of itmk3® direct reduction technology from Kobe Steel Ltd., Japan and Hares Engineering GmbH, Austria for the processing of Krivbass hematite ores into granular cast iron is justified for the first time. Practical value. The efficiency of the use of hematite ores (oxidized quartzite) has been substantiated, which can significantly reduce the costs in the mining cycle for the economical production of metallurgical products.

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Thermodynamic Modeling of Hypergenesis of the Allarechensky Deposit Dumps under the Conditions of Different Temperatures and Moistening Modes

Chemistry for Sustainable Development ◽

10.15372/csd2019164 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Thermodynamic Modeling ◽

Different Temperatures

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Continuum Thermodynamic Modeling of Drying Capillary Particulate Materials via an Improved Edge-based Algorithm

Proceeding of Thermal Sciences 2004. Proceedings of the ASME - ZSIS International Thermal Science Seminar II ◽

10.1615/ichmt.2004.intthermscisemin.180 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Arnaud Malan ◽

Roland W. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Thermodynamic Modeling ◽

Particulate Materials ◽

Continuum Thermodynamic ◽

Edge Based

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Room Temperature Alkali Metal Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

10.26434/chemrxiv.12665336 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lucas A. Freeman ◽

Akachukwu D. Obi ◽

Haleigh R. Machost ◽

Andrew Molino ◽

Asa W. Nichols ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkali Metal ◽

Alkali Metals ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Chemical Reduction ◽

Bond Cleavage ◽

Open Shell ◽

Metal Reduction ◽

One Pot ◽

Earth Abundant ◽

Electron Reduction

The reduction of the relatively inert carbon–oxygen bonds of CO2 to access useful CO2-derived organic products is one of the most important fundamental challenges in synthetic chemistry. Facilitating this bond-cleavage using earth-abundant, non-toxic main group elements (MGEs) is especially arduous because of the difficulty in achieving strong inner-sphere interactions between CO2 and the MGE. Herein we report the first successful chemical reduction of CO2 at room temperature by alkali metals, promoted by a cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbene (CAAC). One-electron reduction of CAAC-CO2 adduct (1) with lithium, sodium or potassium metal yields stable monoanionic radicals clusters [M(CAAC–CO2)]n(M = Li, Na, K, 2-4) and two-electron alkali metal reduction affords open-shell, dianionic clusters of the general formula [M2(CAAC–CO2)]n (5-8). It is notable that these crystalline clusters of reduced CO2 may also be isolated via the “one-pot” reaction of free CO2 with free CAAC followed by the addition of alkali metals – a reductive process which does not occur in the absence of carbene. Each of the products 2-8 were investigated using a combination of experimental and theoretical methods.

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