scholarly journals On the relationship of proton irradiation and heat treatment of monocrystalline silicon with its structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
V. E. Asadchikov ◽  
I. G. Dyachkova ◽  
D. A. Zolotov ◽  
Yu. S. Krivonosov ◽  
V. T. Bublik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Monocrystalline Silicon ◽  
Relative Deformation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silicon Crystals ◽  
Integral Characteristics ◽  
Disturbed Layer ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The method of two-crystal X-ray diffractometry is used to control the quality and perfection of monocrystalline silicon obtained by implantation of hydrogen ions and subsequent thermal annealing, which is used in a number of semiconductor technologies. The principal feature of this approach is the ability to quickly obtain reliable experimental results, which was confirmed in this paper by the use of X-ray topography. The presented data provide information on the state of the disturbed layer of silicon crystals of n-type conductivity (ρ = 100 Om ⋅ cm) by orientation (111), 2 mm thick, implanted by protons with energy E = 200, 300, 100 + 200 + 300 keV, dose D = 2 ⋅ 1016cm-2 and subjected to subsequent thermal treatment in the temperature range T from 100 to 900 °С. We have established a non-monotonic dependence of the integral characteristics of the disturbed layer, namely the average effective thickness Leff and the average relative deformation ∆а/а, on annealing temperature, with the maximum level of distortion in the field of temperature ∼300 °С, using the method of integral characteristics. Obtained data allowed to assess the general condition of disturbed layer during thermal treatment.

scholarly journals Determination of Fe and Zn Accumulation in Leafy Vegetables and Mushrooms Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia STIHI ◽  
Gabriela BUSUIOC ◽  
Cristiana RADULESCU ◽  
Carmen ELEKES ◽  
Sorin CIULEI
Keyword(s):  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Wild Edible Mushrooms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Edxrf Technique ◽  
Armillariella Mellea ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to determine the Fe and Zn concentrations in some leafy vegetables (cabbage, spinach, celery and lettuce) and in their growing soil collected from sites with different industrial activity; in fruiting body of wild edible mushrooms (Armillariella mellea) and in their substrate (soil) collected at different distances by a metal smelter, by using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) technique. A quantitative evaluation of the relationship of Fe and Zn uptake by the vegetables and mushrooms from soil was made by calculating the coefficient accumulation Ka. The results reveal that lettuce is a accumulator of Fe and Armillariella mellea is a accumulator of Zn.

Synthese und Röntgenstrukturanalyse von KCuGd2Mo4O16 und KCuTb2Mo4O16/Synthesis and X-Ray Analysis of KCuGd2Mo4O16 and KCuTb2Mo4O16

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1794-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hk. Müller-Buschbaum ◽  
St. Gallinat
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Energy ◽  
Rare Earth Ions ◽  
Monoclinic Symmetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coulomb Term ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Symmetry Space ◽  
Oxidation State Of Copper ◽  
Symmetry Space Group

Single crystals of the so far unknown compounds KCuGd2Mo4O16 (I) and KCuTb2Mo4O16 (II) have been prepared by flux technique. The compounds crystallize with monoclinic symmetry. space group C62h-C2 /c with (I): a = 5.278(2), b = 12.666(5), c = 19.604(14) Å; β = 92.76(6)°; (II): a = 5.259(13), b = 12.616(3), c = 19.556(9) Å, β = 92.93(4)°, Z = 4. Molybdenum exhibits tetrahedral coordination. The surroundings of copper can be described by distorted tetrahedra, capped by two more distant oxygen atoms, and the rare earth ions show a square antiprism. Potassium is inside an irregular polyhedron. The relationship of the structures of (I) and (II) is discussed with respect to the KLnMo2O8 type compounds. Coulomb term calculations of the lattice energy indicate an oxidation state of copper higher than CuI.

X-ray diffraction studies of vivianite, metavivianite, and barićite

1985 ◽  
Vol 49 (350) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sameshima ◽  
G. S. Henderson ◽  
P. M. Black ◽  
K. A. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Monoclinic Phase ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Twin Plane ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Triclinic Phase ◽  
Type Lattice ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractVivianite specimens from various world localities yield X-ray powder patterns of two types: one corresponds with that shown by synthetic Fe3(PO4)2· 8H2O and is not readily distinguished from that of barićite; the second shows reflections of monoclinic vivianite and triclinic metavivianite along with reflections of a bobierrite-type phase. The triclinic phase occurs as two twin-related lattices with twin plane 110 being the structural equivalent of 010 in the monoclinic phase. The relationship of the bobierrite-type lattice to the other two has not been established. The ternary pattern is produced by some coarse-grained vivianites on natural oxidation. Finer grained vivianites oxidise to an X-ray amorphous state without passing through a triclinic intermediate.

Synthesis and Characterization of the First 1:2 Ordered Perovskite Ruthenate

2002 ◽  
Vol 718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Job Rijssenbeek ◽  
Sylvie Malo ◽  
Takashi Saito ◽  
Vincent Caignaert ◽  
Masaki Azuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Neutron Diffraction Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perovskite Lattice

AbstractPerovskite-like mixed metal ruthenates are of interest owing to their varied electronic and magnetic properties, which are heavily dependent on the ordering of the transition metals. We report the synthesis and structural characterization of the first 1:2 ordered perovskite ruthenate, Sr3CaRu2O9. The structure was determined from a combination of powder X-ray, electron and neutron diffraction data and is characterized by a 1:2 ordering of Ca2+ and Ru5+ over the sixcoordinate B-sites of the perovskite lattice. Sr3CaRu2O9 is the first example of this structure-type to include a majority metal with d electrons (Ru(V), d3). The relationship of this material to the K2NiF4-type Sr1.5Ca0.5RuO4 (i.e., Sr3CaRu2O8) highlights the dramatic effects of the ruthenium valence on the resultant structure. Remarkably, these two structures can be quantitatively interconverted by the appropriate choice of reaction temperature and atmosphere.

scholarly journals Contact-deformation mechanism of boundary friction

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 14004
Author(s):  
Alexandr Dykha ◽  
Volodymyr Kukhar ◽  
Viktor Artiukh ◽  
Maxim Aleksandrovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Relative Deformation ◽  
Contact Deformation ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Friction Units ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Research was conducted to determine the effect of lubricants on stress and strain in the contact of metal surfaces. Experiments were carried out on the introduction of a fixed and moving indenter in contact with a dry and lubricated surface.The steel spherical specimen was pressed into a lubricated and dry metal surface. The microstructures of the structure of the surface layer are studied under various conditions of deformation. The diagrams of the relative deformation of the surface layers are constructed. The mechanism of the formation and distribution of internal stresses for dry and greased contact is described. Experimental studies of the introduction of a moving steel indenter into a lubricated surface have been carried out. The relationship of the deformation mechanisms of lubricated surfaces with their wear resistance is determined. The results obtained are recommended for predicting the durability of lubricated friction units according to the criterion of contact strength.

The Oblique Lateral Jaw Radiograph

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
C. P. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Film Area

The Oblique Lateral Jaw Radiograph has been used as a routine diagnostic x-ray view for many years as an aid to orthodontic diagnosis and for the assessment of the positions of unerupted third molar teeth. Many methods for obtaining clear undistorted views of the teeth have been suggested from a freehand setting up of film, patient and x-ray tube, to the use of simple orientated devices. The present article describes a method of standardizing the relationship of film and x-ray tube to one another so that it is only necessary for the radiographer thereafter to place the patient on the film area in a manner depending on whether a view. is required of the third molars only or of the complete upper and lower buccal segments.

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