Treatment outcomes in patients with central nervous system germinoma (neuro-ophthalmic aspects)

Abstract Objective: To study the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors and treatment outcomes in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).Materials and Methods: The data of total 5166 PCNSL patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2018 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was obtained.Results: The mean age was 63.1±14.9 years, with a male to female of 1.1:1.0. The most common histologic subtype was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (84.6%). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS were 50.1, 36.0 and 27.2% and corresponding to DSS were 54.4, 41.3 and 33.5%, respectively. Multivariate analysis with Cox regression showed that race, sex, age, marital status, surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were independent prognostic factors for OS, but radiotherapy no longer for DSS. Nomograms specially for DLBCL were established to predict the possibility of OS and DSS. The concordance index (C-index) of OS and DSS were 0.704 (95% CI 0.687-0.721) and 0.698 (95% CI 0.679-0.717), suggesting the high discrimination ability of the nomograms.Conclusion: Surgery or/and chemotherapy was favourably associated with better OS and DSS. However, radiotherapy did not benefit to OS and DSS in the long-term. A new predictive nomogram and a web-based survival rate calculator we developed showed favorable applicability and accuracy to predict the long-term OS for DLBCL patients specifically.

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Clinical Spectrum of Central Nervous System Tuberculosis and the Efficacy of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program in its Management

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice ◽

10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_163_18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (01) ◽

pp. 71-77

Author(s):

E. Uma Maheswari ◽

R. M. Bhoopathy ◽

K. Bhanu ◽

Heber Anandan

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Control Program ◽

Antituberculous Treatment ◽

National Tuberculosis ◽

Directly Observed Treatment ◽

Spinal Arachnoiditis ◽

Default Rate ◽

Timing Of Initiation

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global problem and poses a threat which is of considerable magnitude, with an estimated one-third of the population infected with TB bacillus. Aim: The aim of this study is to study the treatment outcomes in patients with various forms of neurological TB treated with the standardized Revised National TB Control Program (RNTCP), directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS). Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed to have TBM, tuberculoma with or without spinal arachnoiditis (central nervous system tuberculosis-TB [CNS-TB]) were categorized as per the RNTCP guidelines and received DOTS Category I or Category II thrice-weekly intermittent treatment as deemed appropriate. Results: The outcome of management with the standard RNTCP DOTS regimen was that a success rate (treatment completed) of 75%, the default rate of 6.6%, and a mortality of 3.3%. The target fixed by the RNTCP is to achieve a cure rate of 85%. We were able to document successful completion of treatment in 75% which is close to the target fixed by RNTCP. The default rate is 6.6% which quite negligible when compared to the unsupervised therapy which has a default rate of 50%. Conclusion: The most important factor in predicting the outcome of treatment in CNS-TB is early diagnosis and the timing of initiation of antituberculous treatment. Early initiation of treatment is associated with better treatment outcomes.

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Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of pigmented tumors in central nervous system: Focusing on melanocytic tumors

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/j.jocn.2020.09.009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 81 ◽

pp. 83-89

Author(s):

Liang Lyu ◽

Linbo Zou ◽

Yong Jiang ◽

Hao Ding ◽

Cheng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Melanocytic Tumors

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Neurotropic enteroviruses co-opt “fair-weather-friend” commensal gut microbiota to drive host infection and central nervous system disturbances

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18002741 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin B. Clark

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Gut Bacteria ◽

Infection Cycle ◽

Fair Weather ◽

Host Health ◽

Microbe Interactions ◽

Animal Hosts ◽

Host Infection ◽

Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Abstract Some neurotropic enteroviruses hijack Trojan horse/raft commensal gut bacteria to render devastating biomimicking cryptic attacks on human/animal hosts. Such virus-microbe interactions manipulate hosts’ gut-brain axes with accompanying infection-cycle-optimizing central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, including severe neurodevelopmental, neuromotor, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Co-opted bacteria thus indirectly influence host health, development, behavior, and mind as possible “fair-weather-friend” symbionts, switching from commensal to context-dependent pathogen-like strategies benefiting gut-bacteria fitness.

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