Characteristic of the fractures of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in the victims of a traffic accident found in the passenger compartment of a modern motor vehicle

Tyre imprints on the skin are usually considered to be the result of being run over by a motor vehicle. This article reports a traffic accident in which tyre marks on the victim’s skin were caused by a collision rather than by being run over. The mechanism of the injury in this case is analysed and discussed. A 23-year-old male drove a motorcycle while under the influence of alcohol and collided with a sign pillar on the side of the road. Both the victim and the motorcycle careened into the bottom of a tractor-trailer. No witnesses or surveillance videos could confirm the process of the accident. Because tyre imprints were found on the victim’s skin, traffic police believed that he had been run over during the accident. However, forensic autopsy and analysis of the accident process revealed that the true cause of the imprints was a collision between the victim’s body and a tyre.

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METHOD OF NATURAL MODELING WHILE PERFORMING COMPREHENSIVE FORENSIC MEDICAL, TRANSPORT TRACE EVIDENCE AND AUTO-TECHNICAL EXAMINATION

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics ◽

10.32353/khrife.2018.68 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. 585-592

Author(s):

O. V. Saushkin ◽

A. A. Khaniants ◽

A. G. Bondareva ◽

S. V. Sulim

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accident ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Causal Link ◽

Steering Wheel ◽

Trace Evidence ◽

Human Contact ◽

Decisive Importance ◽

Technical Examination ◽

Medical Transport ◽

Mental Modeling

The article points to the importance of applying the method of natural modeling as one of the key methods in carrying out comprehensive forensic medical, transport trace evidence and auto-technical examinations. This method give an opportunity identifying a person who was behind steering wheel of the vehicle during a traffic accident in case of intervention in motor vehicle driving by another person: the driver, determining his location in the cabin; identifying the pedestrian's location regarding traumatic elements of the vehicle; determining person location at the time of the traffic accident: on a bicycle or as a pedestrian, led a bicycle nearby. The mentioned method also allows verifying testimonies of traffic accident participants and excludes farfetched options for its development in future. The importance of the method lies in the ability to accurately simulate (reproduce) the mechanism of a traffic accident regarding reciprocal contact of vehicles, with other objects and a person. Advantage of the method of natural modeling over the method of mental modeling which is more widespread while performing comprehensive forensic medical, transport trace evidence examinations is the opportunity to confirm or disprove versions of previous expert versions and reduce their number to a minimum that means in most cases to one. It allows coming to categorical conclusions about the mechanism of human contact with vehicle elements and is of decisive importance while solving by autotechnician experts issues on the establishment of a causal link between the actions of traffic accident participants and the requirements of Traffic Сode of Ukraine.

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Human Response to Dynamic Rollover Conditions

Advances in Bioengineering ◽

10.1115/imece2003-43071 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Jack Bish ◽

Terence Honikman ◽

Jason Sigel ◽

Carl Nash ◽

Donald Friedman

Keyword(s):

Motor Vehicle ◽

Rotation Axis ◽

Test Subject ◽

Rotational Axis ◽

Human Response ◽

Passenger Compartment ◽

Hybrid Iii ◽

Drop Tests ◽

Vehicle Rollover ◽

The Difference

To date, human responses in motor vehicle rollover accidents have been studied through the use of Hybrid III dummies in dolly vehicle rollover tests, quasi-static spit tests where the vehicle and occupant are rotated slowly about the rotation axis of the spit fixture, computer simulations and vehicle drop tests. To demonstrate human responses to dynamic rollover conditions more accurately we designed and built a fixture to accommodate a passenger compartment in a hoop structure that rotates as it translates. The rotational axis of the hoop structure is offset from the rotational axis of the passenger compartment to replicate vehicle center of gravity motion seen in dolly rollover tests. Testing showed the difference in restraint behavior depending upon whether the occupant was seated on the near (initially leading) or far side. It demonstrated that human and Hybrid III dummy neck response is very different. The human test subject received no injuries from diving into the roof of the passenger compartment even though this is the predicted injury mechanism reported in several technical papers.

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