CLINICAL APPLICATION OF GENE MEDICINE IN PREVENTING SPORTS INJURIES

ABSTRACT Introduction: Using gene therapy to transfer specific genes to implant therapeutic proteins into damaged tissues is a more promising way to treat sports injuries. The combination of tissue engineering and gene therapy will potentially promote the regeneration and repair of various damaged tissues. Objective: This article explores the adaptive relationship between gene selection therapy and athletes in sports. Methods: We selected students of related majors in sports schools to conduct specific genetic testing and measure the muscle area, fatigue level, muscle damage, and other related indicators before and after exercise. Results: After a series of physical fitness assessments, an increase in the gene sequence, as well as changes in the biochemical indices, were confirmed Conclusions: The muscle gain of the test subject during training is better than other genotypes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

A parametric and feasibility study for data sampling of the dynamic mode decomposition: range, resolution, and universal convergence states

Scientific research and engineering practice often require the modeling and decomposition of nonlinear systems. The dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a novel Koopman-based technique that effectively dissects high-dimensional nonlinear systems into periodically distinct constituents on reduced-order subspaces. As a novel mathematical hatchling, the DMD bears vast potentials yet an equal degree of unknown. This effort investigates the nuances of DMD sampling with an engineering-oriented emphasis. It aimed at elucidating how sampling range and resolution affect the convergence of DMD modes. We employed the most classical nonlinear system in fluid mechanics as the test subject—the turbulent free-shear flow over a prism—for optimal pertinency. We numerically simulated the flow by the dynamic-stress Large-Eddies Simulation with Near-Wall Resolution. With the large-quantity, high-fidelity data, we parametrized and identified four global convergence states: Initialization, Transition, Stabilization, and Divergence with increasing sampling range. Results showed that Stabilization is the optimal state for modal convergence, in which DMD output becomes independent of the sampling range. The Initialization state also yields sufficient accuracy for most system reconstruction tasks. Moreover, defying popular beliefs, over-sampling causes algorithmic instability: as the temporal dimension, n, approaches and transcends the spatial dimension, m (i.e., m < n), the output diverges and becomes meaningless. Additionally, the convergence of the sampling resolution depends on the mode-specific dynamics, such that the resolution of 15 frames per cycle for target activities is suggested for most engineering implementations. Finally, a bi-parametric study revealed that the convergence of the sampling range and resolution are mutually independent.

Modeling of Internal Combustion Engine Ignition Systems with a Circuit Containing Fractional-Order Elements

This paper discusses the research and analysis of the dynamics of high-voltage generating systems. The test subject is an ignition system modelled by a set of two induction coils with an open ferromagnetic core that constitutes an ignition coil. The essence of the tests involved the application of magnetic coupling of the fractional order that enabled taking into account the non-idealities of the coils and the connector that implements the ignition point. The paper contains the results of a theoretical analysis, supported by digital simulations. The conducted experiments confirm the purposefulness of the conducted analyses and the possibility of modeling real objects based on circuits with fractional-order elements.

Effects of Auditory Stimuli on Beat-Synchronized Long Distance Walking: Part A - Energize on Country Music

In well documented studies, walking and music have independently shown substantial medical, health, productivity, and other human benefits. When music is combined with walking, and especially when the walking is done in synchrony to the beat, the music can stimulate faster walking without apparent awareness, the “velocity effect”. Some studies have reported that music that is either familiar, more enjoyable, and/or has higher “groove” tends to be more stimulating, and that some music can actually be sedating resulting in a slower speed relative to that of walking to a metronome at the same cadence. Research illuminating the velocity effect has mostly been conducted over relatively short stepping distances in a laboratory or similar outdoor setting. The current study examines walking on a real-world long distance outdoor track with a single genre of music that was at least somewhat familiar and somewhat enjoyable to the test subject. In this study, the test subject stepped in self-instructed synchrony with confirmed high accuracy to two types of auditory stimuli – either to the beat of a metronome (a presumed neutral source or what might be considered a most rudimentary form of music), or to the beat of a broad-spectrum of country music continuously over a 2-mile course. Nine metronome tempos and twenty-one country music tempos were examined in a walkable range of 90 to 130 beats per minute (BPM), and the effects of the music and metronome on walking performance were examined and quantified. Overall, the mix of country music was significantly more energizing than the metronome providing a relatively consistent 10% increase in step length and a resulting 10% increase in speed over the entire tempo/cadence range. Speed as a function of tempo was essentially linear in the beat range for both auditory stimuli with an apparent increase in speed relative to the trendlines occurring near 120 BPM, a preferred human response frequency reported in some prior investigations.

Research on High-Temperature Cooling Flight Test Technology of a Certain Type of Civil Aircraft Generator

The high-temperature special flight test is one of the important special meteorological flight tests for civil aircraft airworthiness certification flight test, and generator high-temperature cooling flight test is also very important as the key flight test subject of high-temperature special flight test. The purpose of this paper is to summarize and study the airworthiness background, technical research, technical preparation, technical implementation, and data analysis results of a certain type of civil aircraft generator high-temperature cooling flight test, to provide guidance and help for subsequent civil aircraft generator high-temperature cooling flight test.

What Was Known About Childhood Diabetes Mellitus Before the Discovery of Insulin?

It has been widely reported by historians that physicians were aware of two distinct types of diabetes mellitus by the 1880s, and that these were both similar to and the direct forerunners of type 1, juvenile-onset and type 2, adult-onset diabetes. The writings of prominent specialist physicians practicing just prior to the discovery of insulin in 1921–1922 were reviewed and there is little evidence that experts believed that adult and childhood diabetes were different. In fact, more than a decade passed after the discovery of insulin before diabetes in children and adults even began to be distinguished. Childhood diabetes was exceedingly rare in the early 20th century and diabetes was believed to be primarily a chronic disease of adults. It is interesting to speculate about what might have happened if the first pancreatic extract tests had been performed on adult-onset diabetics with insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus. Clearly, the results would have been disappointing and the discovery of insulin delayed. This essay explores how the test subject decision was made. It is fortuitous that a 14 year old boy with what was unequivocally type 1 diabetes was selected to be the first insulin recipient, and the rest is history.

A systematic review of the sensitivity and specificity of lateral flow devices in the detection of SARS-CoV-2

Background Lateral flow devices (LFDs) are viral antigen tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 that produce a rapid result, are inexpensive and easy to operate. They have been advocated for use by the World Health Organisation to help control outbreaks and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 infections. There are now several studies assessing their accuracy but as yet no systematic review. Our aims were to assess the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs in a systematic review and summarise the sensitivity and specificity of these tests. Methods A targeted search of Pubmed and Medxriv, using PRISMA principles, was conducted identifying clinical studies assessing the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs as their primary outcome compared to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Based on extracted data sensitivity and specificity was calculated for each study. Data was pooled based on manufacturer of LFD and split based on operator (self-swab or by trained professional) and sensitivity and specificity data were calculated. Results Twenty-four papers were identified involving over 26,000 test results. Sensitivity from individual studies ranged from 37.7% (95% CI 30.6–45.5) to 99.2% (95% CI 95.5–99.9) and specificity from 92.4% (95% CI 87.5–95.5) to 100.0% (95% CI 99.7–100.0). Operation of the test by a trained professional or by the test subject with self-swabbing produced comparable results. Conclusions This systematic review identified that the performance of lateral flow devices is heterogeneous and dependent on the manufacturer. Some perform with high specificity but a great range of sensitivities were shown (38.32–99.19%). Test performance does not appear dependent on the operator. Potentially, LFDs could support the scaling up of mass testing to aid track and trace methodology and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 with the additional benefit of providing individuals with the results in a much shorter time frame.

Increase Student Learning Interest in Covid-19 with Digital Teaching Materials

The problem behind this research was the implementation of learning courses that tend to attract less students to study. This research was research and development. The subject of the research trial was a student of the Religious Education Study Program. The data collected in this research were data from expert test subject content, design expert test, learning media expert test, and from student trials. Data collection instrument used in the form of evaluation sheet (questionnaire). Data analysis used qualitative and descriptive quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of the assessment of media products were carried out based on six aspects, namely: aspects of the content of the field of study / with a percentage of achievement rate of 87.00% with a worthy predicate; reviewed from the aspect of learning design with a percentage of achievement rate of 85.55% worthy predicate; reviewed from the aspect of learning media with a percentage of achievement rate of 88.00% worthy predicate; reviewed from the aspect of individual trials, with a percentage rate of 90.65% pedikat very feasible; small group trials, with a percentage achievement rate of 95.55% predicate is very feasible;and reviewed from the aspect of field trials with a percentage achievement rate of 94.45% predicate is very feasible. Thus this product in the form of teaching materials has a good level of validity and deserves to be used in the learning process in religious education courses.

Development of an Optical System for Non-Contact Type Measurement of Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability

Self-mixing optical coherent detection is a non-contact measurement technique which provides accurate information about the vibration frequency of any test subject. In this research, novel designs of optical homodyne and heterodyne detection techniques are explained. Homodyne and heterodyne setups are used for measuring the frequency of the modulated optical signal. This technique works on the principle of the optical interferometer, which provides a coherent detection of two self-mixing beams. In the optical homodyne technique, one of the two beams receives direct modulation from the vibration frequency of the test subject. In the optical heterodyne detection technique, one of the two optical beams is subjected to modulation by an acousto-optics modulator before becoming further modulated by the vibration frequency of the test subject. These two optical signals form an interference pattern that contains the information of the vibration frequency. The measurement of cardiovascular signals, such as heart rate and heart rate variability, are performed with both homodyne and heterodyne techniques. The optical coherent detection technique provides a high accuracy for the measurement of heart period and heart rate variability. The vibrocardiogram output obtained from both techniques are compared for different heart rate values. Results obtained from both optical homodyne and heterodyne detection techniques are compared and found to be within 1% of deviation value. The results obtained from both the optical techniques have a deviation of less than 1 beat per minute from their corresponding ECG values.

Anti-arthralgic activity of the n-hexane extract (HTp) of yellow oleander seeds; Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum

Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K.Schum. (Apocynaceae) seeds are known to possess cardioactive glycosides such as thevetin A, thevetin B, nerifolin etc. They are also used locally for general pain relief for which there is no scientific evidence to our knowledge. Arthralgia is regarded generally as pain without inflammation. It is endemic in the society and sufferers continue to imbibe pain relieving drugs in their tons all over the world. Analgesic activity test was carried out using the formalin-induced pain models, at 0.1g, 0.2g and 0.3g/kg doses of n-hexane extracts of Thevetia peruviana seeds (HTp) in Wistar mice. Diclofenac was used as positive control. Acute toxicity test was carried out at doses of 1000, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg weight of test subject. It was observed that HTp at concentrations of 0.1g, 0.2g and 0.3g/kg showed significant analgesic effect at compared to the control. The percentage inhibition observed was 29.60%, 44.80% and 50.72% for the early pain phase and 100% for the late pain phase respectively, indicating HTps NSAID-like property. HTp showed the highest percentage inhibition at 300 mg/kg (50.72 %) and significant; P < 0.005 pain reduction. HTp did not produce any toxicity up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg weight which is very interesting as the seeds are known for their toxicity due to the cardiac glycoside presence. The results of the study suggest that HTp does indeed relieve pain significantly in a dose dependent manner, thus justifying its use in management of arthralgia. Keywords: Arthralgia, Herbal medicine, Pain,Thevetia peruviana, yellow oleander