scholarly journals Flora y Vegetación de las zonas núcleo de la Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca, México

2017 ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Cornejo-Tenorio ◽  
Alejandro Casas ◽  
Berenice Farfán ◽  
José Luis Villaseñor ◽  
Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
One Year

A study of the flora and vegetation physiognomy was conducted at the core zones of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, in the states of México and Michoacán. Collection of plant specimens was carried out du ring one year of field work and this activity was supplemented by a review of voucher specimens previously collected in the area and deposited at the Mexican herbaria IEB, EBUM, and MEXU. A total of 423 vascular plant species including 32 infraespecific taxa and grouped in 86 families and 244 genera were identified, Families with the largest species richness were Asteraceae (103), Lamiaceae (21), Fabaceae (17), and Scrophulariaceae (17).The most speciose genera were Salvia (13), Stevia (8), and Ageratina (7). Mexican endemic species comprised 135 (31.9%) species, which included 13 infrae spec ific taxa; 40 of these species belong to Asteraceae. Herbs were represented by 326 species, followed by shrubs (5 1) and trees (33). The main vegetation types recognized were coniferous forest (including combinations of fir, pine, and oak forests), cloud forest, anthropogenic grass land, and Quercus forest.

Types and causes of tree mortality in a tropical montane cloud forest of Tamaulipas, Mexico

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Arriaga
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Tropical Montane Cloud Forest ◽  
Crown Cover ◽  
Montane Cloud Forest ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Shallow Soils

The types and causes of death of canopy and subcanopy trees were characterized for the tropical montane cloud forest of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Field work was carried out at the Biosphere Reserve ‘El Cielo’, located on the eastern slope of the Sierra Madre Oriental. Three study plots, each of 2 ha, were selected within the forest differing in their degree of exposure to wind. Results indicate that the tropical montane cloud forest presents a differential treefall regime derived from the great hurricane activity to which this mountain range is exposed. This effect is illustrated by the great number of fallen logs (545 trees in 6 ha) and the high percentage of uprooted (48.3%) and snapped off (37.6%) trees. Other treefall factors included the rocky and shallow soils and weakness of the dominant trees from insect attack. A differential disturbance level was obtained between zones. The disturbance was higher for the exposed zone, where the crown cover of emergent trees was not closed. Species composition of the dead material was related to the abundance of the overstorey species as standing vegetation. Ten of the 20 recorded species were able to sprout and just 7.5% of the 545 fallen trees were sprouting. Quercus germana, Q. sartorii, Clethra pringlei, Liquidambar styraciflua and Ceris canadensis, accounted for 78.5% of the gap-forming species. The type of treefall differed between species of the same genera: Q. germana was generally found uprooted, while Q. sartorii died standing probably because of previous weakening from dipterous insects.

Mist and fog interception in elfin cloud forests in Colombia and Venezuela

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Cavelier ◽  
Guillermo Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Cloud Forests ◽  
Santa Ana ◽  
Leaf Inclination ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACTFog interception and rainfall were measured during one year in three elfin cloud forests on small mountains along the Caribbean coast of South America and one in the Venezuelan Andes. (1) While rainfall increases from west to east in the small mountains along the coast, fog interception decreases. In 1985, the total annual rainfall and fog interception were 853 mm and 796 mm in the cloud forest of Serrania de Macuira, 1630 mm and 518 mm in Cerro Santa Ana and, 4461 mm and 480 mm in Cerro Copey. In the Andean forest of El Zum-bador, the 1985 rainfall was 1983 mm and the annual fog interception was only 72 mm. (2) Fog interception seems to be an important source of water to the elfin cloud forests of the small mountains which are surrounded by dry vegetation types and where the rainfall regime is highly seasonal. (3) Fog interception increases with altitude (in the same mountain), exposure (windward slopes) and leaf inclination. These variations of fog interception could partially explain the observed distribution of epiphytic flora in some of these cloud forests.

Gap-building-phase regeneration in a tropical montane cloud forest of north-eastern Mexico

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Arriaga
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Tropical Montane Cloud Forest ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Crown Cover ◽  
Montane Cloud Forest ◽  
El Cielo Biosphere Reserve

Regeneration processes associated with gap-building-phase sites are described for the tropical montane cloud forest of the El Cielo Biosphere Reserve in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Twelve gap-building-phase sites c. 20 y old were selected within the forest according to their gap size and severity of disturbance (i.e. number of fallen logs). All flowering plants were recorded within the sites and specimens were identified to species level. Species were related to genera geographical affinity and growth form. Abundance, individual height and aerial crown cover were also recorded for all species. The composition for these sites was 121 vascular plant species grouped in 96 genera and 60 families. Results suggest that the advanced regeneration of shrub and tree species of the medium canopy, such as Eugenia capuli, Ternstroemia sylvatica, Turpinia occidentalis, Meliosma oaxacana, Myrsine coriacea and Podocarpus reichei, was favoured by the disturbance regime prevailing in this forest community. All of these woody species belong to tropical genera and are structurally dominant in the gap-building-phase sites. A differential response of the vegetation was obtained in these sites as a function of the severity of disturbance and gap size. This response was revealed by the dominance-diversity relationships. Small gaps (45–95 m2) or gaps created by two treefalls showed a higher diversity and density compared to larger gaps (95–150 m2) or those created by four fallen logs, which had a lower species diversity and significantly lower tree and vine densities. These results imply that gap size and the severity of disturbance have a significant effect on the regeneration of these disturbed sites.

Upernavik 98: reconnaissance mineral exploration in North-West Greenland

1999 ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Thomassen ◽  
Johannes Kyed ◽  
Agnete Steenfelt ◽  
Tapani Tukiainen
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Original Series ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
North West ◽  
One Year

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Thomassen, B., Kyed, J., Steenfelt, A., & Tukiainen, T. (1999). Upernavik 98: reconnaissance mineral exploration in North-West Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 183, 39-45. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v183.5203 _______________ The Upernavik 98 project is a one-year project aimed at the acquisition of information on mineral occurrences and potential in North-West Greenland between Upernavik and Kap Seddon, i.e. from 72°30′ to 75°30′N (Fig. 1A). A similar project, Karrat 97, was carried out in 1997 in the Uummannaq region 70°30′–72°30′N (Steenfelt et al. 1998a). Both are joint projects between the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) and the Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum (BMP), Government of Greenland, and wholly funded by the latter. The main purpose of the projects is to attract the interest of the mining industry. The field work comprised systematic drainage sampling, reconnaissance mineral exploration and spectroradiometric measurements of rock surfaces.

La flore et la végétation de la partie méridionale de l'Archipel des Nouvelles Hébrides

1975 ◽  
Vol 272 (918) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Active Volcano ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Secondary Vegetation ◽  
New Hebrides ◽  
Infertile Soils

The Southern region of the New Hebrides consists of five islands of very different size, clearly separated from and with a cooler climate than the remainder of the archipelago. Only the three largest islands have been studied botanically. These islands are Aneityum and Erromanga, now sparsely populated, where there is still extensive climax vegetation on the deep, infertile soils, and Tanna, with a dense human population, where, except in mountainous regions, there is scarcely anything but secondary vegetation, on generally fertile soils that are periodically rejuvenated by ash showers from a continuously active volcano. The principal vegetation types recognized are: dense Agathis (kauri) - Calophyllum forest; cloud forest, with mosses and ferns, on ridges above 500 m altitude; low forests or thickets with Euphorbiaceae, Hibiscus or Leucaena ; open Acacia spirorbis forest; thickets of Myrtaceae and Vaccinium ; various associations more or less dominated by grasses. The flora, though relatively rich in the New Hebridean context, appears poor in comparison with that of Fiji, to which it is nevertheless fairly closely related, and even poorer in comparison with that of New Caledonia. Its wider affinities are Malaysian.

Grupo México: Epítome de la deshumanización y la barbarie del extractivismo

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Sol Pérez Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
Power Elite ◽  
Development Discourse ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
The North ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Sea Of Cortes ◽  
Mining Projects ◽  
The Power Elite

The hegemonic development discourse continues to promote mining as an activity that generates progress despite the considerable evidence to the contrary. The article analyzes Grupo Mexico’s history, the largest mining consortium in the country, as part of the power elite. It shows how it achieved a monopoly of the leading copper deposits in the north of the country thanks to its alliances with the Mexican State. Later on, we present the cartography of the expansion of its operations in the north of the country, including the opening of controversial mining projects in strategic areas for biodiversity conservation such as the Sea of Cortés, the Baja California peninsula and, the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve in Michoacán. Therefore, it is argued that it is important to consider companies’ environmental and social records when evaluating mining concessions’ renewal or revocation.

The importance of the traditional fire knowledge system in a subtropical montane socio-ecosystem in a protected natural area

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 911 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Leonardo Martínez-Torres ◽  
Alicia Castillo ◽  
M. Isabel Ramírez ◽  
Diego R. Pérez-Salicrup
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
Knowledge System ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
Protected Natural Area

The use of fire for traditional agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry is highly important to farmers in developing countries where this practice is continuously blamed as being the main cause of forest fires. That is the case in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR), Mexico, where paradoxically, little is known about the inhabitants’ traditional uses of fire. In this study we characterise fire users, describe traditional fire uses and identify the ecological and social rules involved in the use of fire in the MBBR. Through participant observation and semi-structured interviews we found a robust body of knowledge among local people regarding the geophysical and ecological factors determining fire behaviour. This information is transferred orally and through everyday practices from parents to children. We identified nine types of fire uses. The most common is ‘mound burns’, which entails a process of extraction-piling-drying-burning of weeds from agricultural fields. Social rules are aimed at decreasing the risk of forest fires. Our results suggest there is a traditional fire knowledge system in the MBBR that has undergone changes and has adapted to the ecological and social reality of the region during the past few decades.

scholarly journals The flora and vegetation of an old solvay process tip in Jaworzno (Upper Silesia, Poland)

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
E V. J. Cohn ◽  
B. Tokarska-Guzik ◽  
L. C. Trueman ◽  
G. Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Percentage Cover ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
Solvay Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
Future Loss

This paper demonstrates the flora, plant communities and substrates of an old solvay process spoil tip in Upper Silesia, Poland. In an area of 15 000 m<sup>2</sup> there are growing 136 vascular plant species. The flora is characterised by the preponderance of Asteraceae - species and long-lived perennial herbs, many of them coming from meadows and grasslands. Ninety-five percent of species are apophytes despite the anthropogenic origin of the site. A majority of species are associated with moderately dry, base-rich soils with low or moderate levels of nitrogen. The site is shown to be an important refuge for some protected species, montane species and other elements uncommon in the local flora. An analysis of a series of samples used a methodology based on the assessment of percentage cover of particular species and multivariate analysis based on TWINSPAN. Both suggested a relatively high overall similarity between the samples with minor variations associated with moister substrates.Elemental analysis and pH determinations of soil samples associated with the relevés revealed a narrow range of pH and an absence of any strong concentrations of heavy metals. A redundancy analysis of the soil-plant relationships suggested that the strongest trend of differentiation was most closely associated with a phosphate gradient, and the next strongest was pH and possibly waterlogging. The most species-rich vegetation was associated with low phosphate and high pH levels. The results could be interpreted to suggest that processes of soil development and plant succession are slow but nevertheless perceptible, with implications for future loss of diversity. The vegetation constitutes an assemblage essentially of one type showing only weak relationships with described vegetation types such as <em>Molinio-Arrhenatheretea</em> meadow, <em>Festuco-Brometea</em> grassland and <em>Caricetalia davallianae</em> mire. The results also suggest that the vegetation of the site is of considerable value for nature conservation. The site should be protected and be the subject of further research.

scholarly journals Inventario florístico del Cerro El Cebú y zonas adyacentes en la Reserva de la Biosfera El Triunfo (Polígono V), Chiapas, México

2017 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Jorge Martínez-Meléndez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Pérez-Farrera ◽  
Oscar Farrera-Sarmiento
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Red List ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Oak Forest

A total of 502 species that belong to 115 families and 301 genera were recorded for Mt. El Cebu and adjacent zones in Polygon V of the El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve. The most speciose families were Orchiclaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Bromeliaceae and polypodiaceae with 58, 29, 28, 17, and 17 species, respectively. Six plant communities were recognized in the area, among which the cloud forest was the most diverse with 234 species, followed by pine-oak fore st with 150 species, and the tropical rain forest with 127. The oak forest and the tropical deciduous forest were less diverse, with 71 and 39 species, respectively. Only 13 species are included in the Mexican red list of endangered taxa.

scholarly journals The Cuito catchment of the Okavango system: a vascular plant checklist for the Angolan headwaters

PhytoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Goyder ◽  
Nigel Barker ◽  
Stoffel P. Bester ◽  
Arnold Frisby ◽  
Matt Janks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
River System ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
System A ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
First Time

This paper aims to provide a baseline for conservation planning by documenting patterns of plant diversity and vegetation in the upper catchment of the Cuito River. 417 species are recorded from this region. Nine of these are species potentially new to science. Ten species are newly recorded from Angola, with an additional species only recorded previously within Angola from the northern enclave of Cabinda. The 108 new provincial records for Moxico clearly indicate the lack of collections from Angola’s largest province. We note the existence of extensive peat deposits in the Cuito river system for the first time and suggest that one of Barbosa’s vegetation types in the area needs to be reassessed.

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