The importance of the traditional fire knowledge system in a subtropical montane socio-ecosystem in a protected natural area

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 911 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Leonardo Martínez-Torres ◽  
Alicia Castillo ◽  
M. Isabel Ramírez ◽  
Diego R. Pérez-Salicrup

The use of fire for traditional agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry is highly important to farmers in developing countries where this practice is continuously blamed as being the main cause of forest fires. That is the case in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR), Mexico, where paradoxically, little is known about the inhabitants’ traditional uses of fire. In this study we characterise fire users, describe traditional fire uses and identify the ecological and social rules involved in the use of fire in the MBBR. Through participant observation and semi-structured interviews we found a robust body of knowledge among local people regarding the geophysical and ecological factors determining fire behaviour. This information is transferred orally and through everyday practices from parents to children. We identified nine types of fire uses. The most common is ‘mound burns’, which entails a process of extraction-piling-drying-burning of weeds from agricultural fields. Social rules are aimed at decreasing the risk of forest fires. Our results suggest there is a traditional fire knowledge system in the MBBR that has undergone changes and has adapted to the ecological and social reality of the region during the past few decades.

Revista Trace ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Astrid Wojtarowski Leal

La presente investigación se realizó en la localidad pesquera/turística El Cuyo, en la Reserva de la Biósfera Ría Lagartos, Yucatán, que destaca por su gran biodiversidad. Se indagó con los habitantes sobre la importancia que atribuyen a su patrimonio natural y cultural, la postura sobre las energías renovables y la actitud hacia la transformación del territorio. El enfoque fue cualitativo, con entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación directa. Los resultados arrojaron que valoran ambos patrimonios, pero poseen poca información, en particular del cultural, a pesar de ubicarse sobre un asentamiento maya prehispánico con vestigios visibles. Hay escasa información sobre energías renovables y asocian sus ventajas únicamente con el aspecto económico. Muestran una postura a favor de un desarrollo turístico mesurado y de bajo impacto. Existe una tendencia a conservar el estilo de vida y las condiciones actuales de la localidad, tanto en jóvenes como en adultos. Estas características culturales podrían incidir positivamente en la conservación y manejo adecuado, tanto de los ecosistemas de la zona como de las estructuras arqueológicas, pero suponen poca disposición para la instalación de dispositivos de energías renovables susceptibles de modificar el paisaje.Abstract: The actual research was conducted in the fishing / tourist town of El Cuyo, in the Ría Lagartos Biosphere Reserve, Yucatán, which stands out for its great biodiversity. I inquired with the inhabitants about the importance attributed to their natural and cultural heritage, the position on renewable energies and the attitude towards the transformation of the territory. The approach was qualitative, with semi-structured interviews and direct observation. The results showed that they value both patrimonies, but they have little information, particularly cultural information, despite being located on a pre-Hispanic Mayan settlement with visible vestiges. There is limited information on renewable energies and they associate their advantages with the economic aspect. They show a position in favor of a measured and low impact tourism development. There is a tendency to conserve the lifestyle and current conditions of the locality, both in young people and in adults. These cultural characteristics could have a positive impact on the conservation and proper management of both, the ecosystems of the area and the archaeological structures, but they imply little disposition for the installation of renewable energy devices capable of modifying the landscape. Keywords: natural heritage; cultural heritage; tourism in protected natural areas; Ría Lagartos; renewable energies.Résumé : La présente recherche a été menée dans la ville touristique de pêche d’El Cuyo, dans la réserve de biosphère de Ría Lagartos, dans le Yucatán, qui se distingue par sa grande biodiversité. Les habitants ont été interrogés sur l’importance qu’ils attribuent à leur patrimoine naturel et culturel, leur position sur les énergies renouvelables et leur attitude visà-vis de la transformation du territoire. L’instrument d’enquête était l’entrevue semistructurée. Les résultats ont montré qu’ils valorisaient les deux patrimoines, mais ils disposaient de peu d’informations, notamment culturelles, même s’ils se trouvaient dans une colonie maya préhispanique aux vestiges visibles. Il existe peu d’informations sur les énergies renouvelables; et celles-ci associent leurs avantages uniquement à l’aspect économique. Ils montrent une position en faveur d’un développement touristique à impact modéré et faible en raison d’une tendance à conserver le mode de vie et les conditions actuelles de la localité. Ces caractéristiques culturelles pourraient avoir un effet positif sur la conservation et la gestion appropriée des écosystèmes de la région et des structures archéologiques, et impliquer une faible disposition pour l’installation de dispositifs d’énergie renouvelable susceptibles de modifier le paysage.Mots-clés : patrimoine naturel ; patrimoine culturel ; tourisme dans les espaces naturels protégés ; Ría Lagartos ;  énergies renouvelables.


2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduarda Lopes Ferreira ◽  
Rodrigo Alves Barros ◽  
Paula Dias Bevilacqua

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the engagement of women in animal husbandry in agroecological transitions scenarios and reflects on the advancements and challenges encountered in overcoming gender inequalities in rural areas. Semi-structured interviews and participant observation were conducted in nine properties in three municipalities in the region of Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais State. Women are involved in husbandry of different animal species, and participate in the management, processing, and marketing of products, contributing to food diversification, self-consumption, and income generation. Overcoming gender inequality in an agroecological scenario requires making the work and knowledge of women farmers visible and increasing their prominence, while ensuring economic valuation of their work and access to the market through public policies aligned with the reality of animal production in agroecological family agriculture contexts.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Célia Coelho Gomes da Silva

This work is the result of the doctoral thesis entitled Pilgrimage of Bom Jesus da Lapa: Social Reproduction of the Family and Female Gender Identity, specifically the second chapter that talks about women in the Pilgrimage of Bom Jesus da Lapa, emphasizing gender relations, analyzing the location of the pilgrimage as a social reproduction of the patriarchal family and female gender identity. The research scenario is the Bom Jesus da Lapa Pilgrimage, which has been held for 329 years, in that city, located in the West part of Bahia. The research participants are pilgrim women who are in the age group between 50 and 70 years old and have participated, for more than five consecutive years in the Bom Jesus da Lapa Pilgrimage, belonging to five Brazilian states (Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Espírito Santo and Goiás) that register a higher frequency of attendance at this religious event. We used bibliographic, qualitative, field and documentary research and data collection as our methodology; we applied participant observation and semi-structured interviews as a technique. We concluded that the Bom Jesus da Lapa Pilgrimage is a location for family social reproduction and the female gender identity, observing a contrast in the resignification of the role and in the profile of the pilgrim women from Bom Jesus da Lapa, alternating between permanence and the transformation of gender identity coming from patriarchy.


Author(s):  
Amanda Cabral ◽  
Carolin Lusby ◽  
Ricardo Uvinha

Sports Tourism as a segment is growing exponentially in Brazil. The sports mega-events that occurred in the period from 2007 to 2016 helped strengthen this sector significantly. This article examined tourism mobility during the Summer Olympic Games Rio 2016, hosted by the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This study expands the understanding of the relationship between tourism and city infrastructure, therefore being relevant to academics, professionals of the area and to the whole society due to its multidisciplinary field. The existence of a relationship between means of transportation and the Olympic regions as well as tourist attractions for a possible legacy was observed. Data were collected from official sources, field research and through participant-observation and semi structured interviews. Data were coded and analyzed. The results indicate that the city was overall successful in its execution of sufficient mobility. New means of transportation were added and others updated. BRT's (Bus Rapid Transit) were the main use of mass transport to Olympic sites. However, a lack of public transport access was observed for the touristic sites.


2021 ◽  
pp. 096100062096216
Author(s):  
Sarah Barriage

Many children in the USA spend a significant amount of time in center-based childcare. However, research has yet to explore their information practices in this setting. This study investigates young children’s perceptions of the concept of information and their own information-seeking practices within the context of their day care classroom. The participants included 13 children between three and five years of age. Data was collected using participant observation, semi-structured interviews, child-led photo tours, and photo-elicitation interviews. The findings indicate that the children did not perceive the concept of information in a manner consistent with adult understandings of the term, and that they engaged in information-seeking related to finding out new things on their own, through interactions with others, and through classroom resources, activities, and routines. The findings have implications for both researchers and practitioners working with young children.


2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. L. Pinto ◽  
L. M. O. Morais ◽  
A. Q. Guimarães ◽  
E. D. Almada ◽  
P. M. Barbosa ◽  
...  

Abstract Local knowledge of biodiversity has been applied in support of research focused on utilizing and management of natural resources and promotion of conservation. Among these resources, Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess.) is important as a source of income and food for communities living in the Cerrado biome. In Pontinha, a “quilombola” community, which is located in the central region of State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, an ethnoecological study about Pequi was conducted to support initiatives for generating income for this community. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and crossing. The most relevant uses of Pequi were family food (97%), soap production (67%), oil production (37%), medical treatments (17%), and trade (3%). Bees were the floral visitors with the highest Salience Index (S=0.639). Among frugivores that feed on unfallen fruits, birds showed a higher Salience (S=0.359) and among frugivores who use fallen fruits insects were the most important (S=0.574). Borers (folivorous caterpillars) that attack trunks and roots were the most common pests cited. According to the respondents, young individuals of Pequi are the most affected by fire due to their smaller size and thinner bark. Recognition of the cultural and ecological importance of Pequi has mobilized the community, which has shown interest in incorporating this species as an alternative source of income.


Author(s):  
Sol Pérez Jiménez

The hegemonic development discourse continues to promote mining as an activity that generates progress despite the considerable evidence to the contrary. The article analyzes Grupo Mexico’s history, the largest mining consortium in the country, as part of the power elite. It shows how it achieved a monopoly of the leading copper deposits in the north of the country thanks to its alliances with the Mexican State. Later on, we present the cartography of the expansion of its operations in the north of the country, including the opening of controversial mining projects in strategic areas for biodiversity conservation such as the Sea of Cortés, the Baja California peninsula and, the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve in Michoacán. Therefore, it is argued that it is important to consider companies’ environmental and social records when evaluating mining concessions’ renewal or revocation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Mokhamad Yaurizqika Hadi ◽  
Nur Ittihadatul Ummah

This study discusses the Principal's Spiritual Leadership in Instilling Religious Culture in Jurangsapi 1 Elementary School, Tapen District, Bondowoso Regency. The principal is one of the important factors that determines school success because the principal is a vital organ in the school ecosystem, especially in public primary schools that have fewer religious activities than religious or religious schools so it needs to be balanced with the inculcation of religious culture so that religious values ​​remain embedded in students. This study aims to determine: (1) Principal's spiritual leadership in vision aspects in instilling religious culture (2) Principal's spiritual leadership in altruistic love in instilling religious culture (3) Principal's spiritual leadership in hope (aspects hope) in instilling religious culture. Data collection techniques using semi-participant observation, semi-structured interviews and documentation. Analysis of the data used is the qualitative data analysis of Milles and Huberman's interactive models, while the validity of the data used is the triangulation of sources and techniques. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Principal's Spiritual Leadership in the Aspect of Vision in Embedding Religious Culture ie the principal as a spiritual leader in instilling religious culture shows a vision of a strong spiritual leadership by involving all school stakeholders , defines the purpose of the school as the ideals of the principal, as well as encouraging expectations in a superior school standard, namely state primary schools with religious nuances. (2) Principal's Spiritual Leadership in the Altruistic Love Aspect in Instilling Religious Culture, namely the Principal as a spiritual leader promotes altruistic love (3) The Principal's Spiritual Leadership in the Hope Aspect (Instilling) in Instilling Religious Culture. The principal as a spiritual leader in realizing his ideals shows strong expectations. Penelitian ini membahas tentang Kepemimpinan Spiritual Kepala Sekolah dalam Menanamkan Budaya Religius di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Jurangsapi 1 Kecamatan Tapen Kabupaten Bondowoso. Kepala sekolah merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang menentukan keberhasilan sekolah karena kepala sekolah adalah organ vital dalam ekosistem sekolah, terlebih pada sekolah dasar negeri yang memiliki kegiatan agama lebih sedikit dibanding sekolah agama atau keagamaan sehingga perlu diimbangi dengan penanaman budaya religius agar nilai-nilai agama tetap tertanam pada diri peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Kepemimpinan spiritual kepala sekolah aspek visi (vision) dalam menanamkan budaya religius (2) Kepemimpinan spiritual kepala sekolah aspek cinta altruistik (altruistic love) dalam menanamkan budaya religius (3) Kepemimpinan spiritual kepala sekolah aspek harapan (hope) dalam menanamkan budaya religius. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan jenis observasi semi partisipan, wawancara semi terstruktur dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis data kualitatif model interaktif Milles dan Huberman, sedangakan keabsahan data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa : (1) Kepemimpinan Spiritual Kepala Sekolah pada Aspek Visi (vision) dalam Menanamkan Budaya Religius yakni kepala sekolah sebagai pemimpin spiritual dalam menanamkan budaya religius menunjukan visi (vision) kepemimpinan spiritual yang kuat dengan mengikut sertakan seluruh stake holder sekolah, mendefinisikan tujuan sekolah sebagai cita-cita kepala sekolah, serta mendorong harapan pada standart sekolah yang unggul yaitu sekolah dasar negeri yang bernuansa religius. (2) Kepemimpinan Spiritual Kepala Sekolah pada Aspek Cinta Altruistik (altruistic love) dalam Menanamkan Budaya Religius yakni Kepala sekolah sebagai pemimpin spiritual mengedepankan cinta altruistik (3) Kepemimpinan Spiritual Kepala Sekolah pada Aspek Harapan (hope) dalam Menanamkan Budaya Religius. Kepala sekolah sebagai pemimpin spiritual dalam mewujudkan cita-citanya menunjukan harapan yang kuat. Kata Kunci: kepemimpinan spiritual kepala sekolah, budaya religious, sekolah dasar


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Troisi ◽  
Anna Visvizi ◽  
Mara Grimaldi

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the emergence of innovation in smart service systems to conceptualize how actor’s relationships through technology-enabled interactions can give birth to novel technologies, processes, strategies and value. The objectives of the study are: to detect the different enablers that activate innovation in smart service systems; and to explore how these can lead dynamically to the emergence of different innovation patterns. Design/methodology/approach The empirical research adopts an approach based on constructivist grounded theory, performed through observation and semi-structured interviews to investigate the development of innovation in the Italian CTNA (Italian acronym of National Cluster for Aerospace Technology). Findings The identification and re-elaboration of the novelties that emerged from the analysis of the Cluster allow the elaboration of a diagram that classifies five different shades of innovation, introduced through some related theoretical propositions: technological; process; business model and data-driven; social and eco-sustainable; and practice-based. Originality/value The paper embraces a synthesis view that detects the enabling structural and systems dimensions for innovation (the “what”) and the way in which these can be combined to create new technologies, resources, values and social rules (the “how” dimension). The classification of five different kinds of innovation can contribute to enrich extant research on value co-creation and innovation and can shed light on how given technologies and relational strategies can produce varied innovation outcomes according to the diverse stakeholders engaged.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-604
Author(s):  
Sasha G. Louis ◽  
Rana N. Khoudary

Abstract This paper investigates the Lebanese conversational style in relation to Lebanese cultural values. The study adopts a discourse analysis approach based on interactional sociolinguistic methodology for the analysis of audio-recordings and semi-structured interviews involving Lebanese nationals (multi-active culture) and members of linear-active cultures, in addition to participant observation. Four distinctive linguistic features characterizing the Lebanese conversational style are identified: topic (focus on personal topics and abrupt topic shift), pacing (overlap and fast pace), expressive phonology and intonation, and formulaic language. The findings of this study reveal that the Lebanese have a high-involvement conversational style as a result of their cultural values which reflect those of high-context, multi-active and collectivist cultures. Furthermore, a connection is made between cultural and communicative differences which can account for instances of stereotyping and misunderstandings between members of the two cultural groups.


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