scholarly journals Estudios feministas de seguridad y ética del cuidado: la seguridad en Latinoamérica a raíz de la pandemia

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-61
Author(s):  
Mariana S. Leone ◽  
Sergio Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Care Ethics ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Security Challenges

La seguridad en Latinoamérica ha sido abordada tradicionalmente desde una visión estatocéntrica y marcadamente realista, destacando las amenazas que sufre el Estado frente a un actor externo o frente a desestabilizaciones internas. Este artículo busca resaltar la idoneidad de introducir los estudios feministas de seguridad y la ética del cuidado en los análisis de seguridad, en aras de redefinir las amenazas y qué implica “sentirse seguro”, máxime en el escenario generado por la pandemia de la COVID-19. Para ello, se evidencian las lagunas y los silencios de las teorías dominantes a la hora de entender el agravamiento de los desafíos a la seguridad en los primeros seis meses de pandemia y cómo desde la ética del cuidado sí se incorporan esos matices y percepciones de seguridad. Se concluye que la ética del cuidado conlleva un ensanchamiento conceptual a la hora de analizar —académica y políticamente— las amenazas a la seguridad en Latinoamérica. Abstract Security in Latin America has traditionally been addressed from a state-centric and notable realistic perspective, underlining the threats to the state, from an external actor or from internal destabilization. This paper aims to highlight the suitability of incorporating Feminist Security Studies and Care Ethics in security analysis in order to redefine threats and what “feeling safe” implies, especially in the scenario generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, the gaps and silences in mainstream theories in the diagnoses on the worsening of the security challenges in the first semester of the pandemic are evidenced. Also, the nuances and perceptions of security included in the Care Ethics approach are highlighted. It is concluded that the conceptual broadening that the Care Ethics approach entails is relevant to analyze —academically and politically— the security threats in Latin America.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Smart Contracts Security Threats Alongside Existing Solutions

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Antonio López Vivar ◽  
Alberto Turégano Castedo ◽  
Ana Lucila Sandoval Orozco ◽  
Luis Javier García Villalba
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Very High

Smart contracts have gained a lot of popularity in recent times as they are a very powerful tool for the development of decentralised and automatic applications in many fields without the need for intermediaries or trusted third parties. However, due to the decentralised nature of the blockchain on which they are based, a series of challenges have emerged related to vulnerabilities in their programming that, given their particularities, could have (and have already had) a very high economic impact. This article provides a holistic view of security challenges associated with smart contracts, as well as the state of the art of available public domain tools.

Critical human security studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD NEWMAN
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Critical Security Studies ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distinct Approach

AbstractFrom a critical security studies perspective – and non-traditional security studies more broadly – is the concept of human security something which should be taken seriously? Does human security have anything significant to offer security studies? Both human security and critical security studies challenge the state-centric orthodoxy of conventional international security, based upon military defence of territory against ‘external’ threats. Both also challenge neorealist scholarship, and involve broadening and deepening the security agenda. Yet critical security studies have not engaged substantively with human security as a distinct approach to non-traditional security. This article explores the relationship between human security and critical security studies and considers why human security arguments – which privilege the individual as the referent of security analysis and seek to directly influence policy in this regard – have not made a significant impact in critical security studies. The article suggests a number of ways in which critical and human security studies might engage. In particular, it suggests that human security scholarship must go beyond its (mostly) uncritical conceptual underpinnings if it is to make a lasting impact upon security studies, and this might be envisioned as Critical Human Security Studies (CHSS).

Hybrid Challenges Require Hybrid, Scientifically Based, Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Gordan Akrap
Keyword(s):  
Security Studies ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Hybrid Threats ◽  
Almost All

New security challenges are looking for new security paradigms in order that state and societies can successfully face with them on preventive level. Due to the rapid influence of hybrid threats to almost all areas of our lives today, we must change our attitude toward those problems and introduce and transform existing intelligence and security studies as a separate science in order to prepare our societies for security challenges that are already here.

Capitalism and the State in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Torres ◽  
Carina Borrastero
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The State ◽  
American Sociology ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Relationship

This article analyzes how the research on the relation between capitalism and the state in Latin America has developed from the 1950s up to the present. It starts from the premise that knowledge of this relation in sociology and other social sciences in Latin America has been taking shape through the disputes that have opposed three intellectual standpoints: autonomist, denialist, and North-centric. It analyzes how these standpoints envision the relationship between economy and politics and how they conceptualize three regionally and globally growing trends: the concentration of power, social inequality, and environmental depletion. It concludes with a series of challenges aimed at restoring the theoretical and political potency of the autonomist program in Latin American sociology.

Indigenous movements, ICTs and the state in Latin America

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Pascal Lupien ◽  
Gabriel Chiriboga ◽  
Soledad Machaca
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
The State ◽  
Indigenous Movements

Emotions and politics of sensibilities in Latin America

2021 ◽  
pp. 026858092199451
Author(s):  
Adrian Scribano
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Latin America ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
Method Approach

The social sciences in Latin America have always had a special connection with the study and analysis of the place of emotions in the social structuration processes. The aim of this article is to offer a synthetic exposition of some inquiries about emotions and the politics of sensibilities in Latin America, emphasizing those that are being felt in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve this objective, first we offer a synthesis of the theoretical and methodological points that will guide the interpretation; then we draw on pre-existing inquiries and surveys which allow us to capture the state of sensibilities before and during the pandemic in the region; and finally some conclusions are presented. The work is based on a multi-method approach, where qualitative and quantitative secondary and primary data are articulated in tandem.

Diplomatic Assurances Against Torture – An Effective Strategy? A Review of Jurisprudence and Examination of the Arguments

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Skoglund
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Actual Risk ◽  
Substantial Risk ◽  
International Human ◽  
Controversial Area

AbstractHuman rights organisations have warned repeatedly that basic human rights are being challenged in the so-called 'War on Terror'. One particularly controversial area is the use of diplomatic assurances against torture. According to international human rights instruments, the state shall not return anyone to countries in which they face a substantial risk of being subjected to torture. In the 'War on Terror', an increasing number of non-citizens are being deemed 'security threats', rendering them exempt from protection in many Western states. To be able to deport such 'threats' without compromising their duties under international law, states are increasingly willing to accept a diplomatic assurance against torture – that is, a promise from the state of return that it will not subject the returnee to torture. There is wide disagreement as to whether and/or when diplomatic assurances can render sufficient protection to satisfy the obligations of non-refoulement to risk of torture. Whereas the human rights society label such assurances as 'empty promises', others view them as effective, allowing states to retain their right to remove non-citizens without violating international law. This article reviews international and selected national jurisprudence on the topic of diplomatic assurances against torture and examines if and/or when such assurances might render sufficient protection against torture to enable removals in accordance with international law. The courts and committees that have reviewed the use of diplomatic assurances against torture have identified essential problems of using them, thus rejecting reliance on simple promises not to torture. However, they have often implied that sufficient protection might be rendered by developing the assurances. I argue that this approach risks leading the governments into trying to perfect a system that is inherently flawed – whilst, incidentally, deportations to actual risk of torture continue. Even carefully modelled assurances render only unreliable protection against torture. For this, and reasons connected to undesirable side-effects of their use, I argue that the practice should be rejected.

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