Capitalism and the State in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Torres ◽  
Carina Borrastero
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The State ◽  
American Sociology ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Relationship

This article analyzes how the research on the relation between capitalism and the state in Latin America has developed from the 1950s up to the present. It starts from the premise that knowledge of this relation in sociology and other social sciences in Latin America has been taking shape through the disputes that have opposed three intellectual standpoints: autonomist, denialist, and North-centric. It analyzes how these standpoints envision the relationship between economy and politics and how they conceptualize three regionally and globally growing trends: the concentration of power, social inequality, and environmental depletion. It concludes with a series of challenges aimed at restoring the theoretical and political potency of the autonomist program in Latin American sociology.

scholarly journals FURTADO VS. PREBISCH: A LATIN AMERICAN CONTROVERSY

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (306) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Pedro Cezar Dutra Fonseca ◽  
Ivan Colangelo Salomão
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Development Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Executive Secretary ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
America Latina

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The second half of the 1950s saw a conflict between Raúl Prebisch —the Executive Secretary of Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)— and Celso Furtado, who was one of the most respected economists in the institution. The conflict is little explored in the literature and, somehow, it has become taboo within the institution itself, since it motivated Furtado’s abandonment of ECLAC in 1957. By investigating two official documents they prepared to subsidize the Argentinian and the Mexican governments, the current study highlights the main differences regarding anti-inflation and external insertion policies and, taking a broader view, the role played by the State in leading the development process.</p><p align="center"> </p><p align="center">FURTADO VS. PREBISCH: UNA CONTROVERSIA LATINOAMERICANA</p><p align="center"><strong>RESUMEN</strong></p>En la segunda mitad de la década de 1950 se registró un conflicto entre Raúl Prebisch, el Secretario Ejecutivo de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), y Celso Furtado, uno de los economistas más respetados de la institución. El conflicto está poco explorado en la literatura y se ha convertido en un tabú dentro de la propia institución, ya que motivó el abandono de la CEPAL por parte de Furtado en 1957. Al investigar dos documentos oficiales que ellos prepararon para subsidiar a los gobiernos de Argentina y México, el presente artículo destaca las principales diferencias respecto a las políticas de combate a la inflación y de inserción externa y, a partir de una visión más amplia, el papel desempeñado por el Estado en la conducción del proceso de desarrollo.

The Sociology of Religion in Latin America: from Theoretical Dependence to Its Specificity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Blancarte
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Theoretical Dependence ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
American Sociology ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social

Latin American sociology of religion is a relatively young discipline, although institutionally speaking, it has not lagged as far behind European sociology as we usually think. There is, in fact, an early link between Continental Europe and Latin America in the development of institutions dedicated to the study of religions. They have witnessed an incredible expansion, particularly over the past three decades. The author offers a general panorama of the trajectory of the subdiscipline and the development of a robust academic field. The reasons for this intellectual explosion go from the development of a scientific institutional framework for social sciences in emerging economies to the changing structure of religions and the social awareness of a historical plurality of beliefs in Latin America.

The Sociology of Gender in Latin America: from Social Mothers to Sexual Rights

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gioconda Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Family Work ◽  
American Sociology ◽  
And Gender

In Latin America, gender inequalities as a field emerged in the 1970s, when scholars began to look at women’s experiences in a wide array of areas then being studied by Latin American sociology, including urbanization, migration into cities, transformation of agrarian structures, and social movements. Since then, the field of sociology of gender has grown steadily across the continent. The first section of this chapter discusses three approaches to gendered analysis in Latin America: women’s subordination, unequal power relationships between women and men in various spaces, and gender as a performative practice. It then charts the evolution of two significant subfields in Latin American sociology: gender, work, and social reproduction; and gender, collective action, and the state. It discusses trajectories and debates arising within these subfields, underlining the contributions gender analysis has made toward broadening the definition and scope of crucial social institutions in sociological analysis: the family, work, and the state. Finally, it introduces three specialists’ sections that contribute to an understanding of the changing dynamics in Latin American societies: the study of gender violence across the continent; the particular focus on care in the study of social reproduction and public policies; and the evolution of the labor market with respect to gender.

scholarly journals La gran dama: Science Patronage, the Rockefeller Foundation and the Mexican Social Sciences in the 1940s

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Morcillo Laiz
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Hegemony ◽  
American Universities ◽  
Plausible Hypothesis ◽  
Latin American Universities

AbstractIf Latin America's public universities are considered part of the state, then it seems plausible to characterise them as similar to the state, i.e. as clientelistic. However, this plausible hypothesis has never been examined by the literature on twentieth-century Mexican social sciences. Just like clientelism, science patrons such as US philanthropic foundations have similarly been neglected. In this article I argue that, as an alternative to what the Rockefeller Foundation perceived as clientelism and amateurism at Latin American universities, it claimed to patronise liberal scholarship, practised according to formal rational criteria. While foundations have been frequently considered part of a US imperialistic drive towards cultural hegemony in Latin America, they were not unitary actors and frequently failed to predict the actual impact of their grants. In Mexico in the 1940s, the Rockefeller Foundation boosted the humanities, but missed the opportunity to support a local take on social science teaching and research.

Emotions and politics of sensibilities in Latin America

2021 ◽  
pp. 026858092199451
Author(s):  
Adrian Scribano
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Latin America ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
Method Approach

The social sciences in Latin America have always had a special connection with the study and analysis of the place of emotions in the social structuration processes. The aim of this article is to offer a synthetic exposition of some inquiries about emotions and the politics of sensibilities in Latin America, emphasizing those that are being felt in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve this objective, first we offer a synthesis of the theoretical and methodological points that will guide the interpretation; then we draw on pre-existing inquiries and surveys which allow us to capture the state of sensibilities before and during the pandemic in the region; and finally some conclusions are presented. The work is based on a multi-method approach, where qualitative and quantitative secondary and primary data are articulated in tandem.

scholarly journals The Influence of Government Effectiveness and Corruption on the High Levels of Homicide in Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Spencer P. Chainey ◽  
Gonzalo Croci ◽  
Laura Juliana Rodriguez Forero
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
International Variation ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Structural Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin America Region

Most research that has examined the international variation in homicide levels has focused on structural variables, with the suggestion that socio-economic development operates as a cure for violence. In Latin America, development has occurred, but high homicide levels remain, suggesting the involvement of other influencing factors. We posit that government effectiveness and corruption control may contribute to explaining the variation in homicide levels, and in particular in the Latin America region. Our results show that social and economic structural variables are useful but are not conclusive in explaining the variation in homicide levels and that the relationship between homicide, government effectiveness, and corruption control was significant and highly pronounced for countries in the Latin American region. The findings highlight the importance of supporting institutions in improving their effectiveness in Latin America so that reductions in homicide (and improvements in citizen security in general) can be achieved.

Confinement risks and social inequality in Latin America: Evidence from Argentina

2021 ◽  
pp. 001139212199001
Author(s):  
Fiorella Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health And Well Being

Social distancing and isolation measures in response to COVID-19 have confined individuals to their homes and produced unexpected side-effects and secondary risks. In Latin America, the measures taken by individual governments to mitigate these new daily and experiential risks have varied significantly as have the responses to social isolation in each country. Given these new social circumstances, the purpose of this article is to investigate, from the sociological approach of risk-taking, the relationship between confinement, secondary risks and social inequality. The author argues that secondary risks, despite their broad scope, are deeply structured by social inequalities in contemporary societies, especially in developing countries. To corroborate this hypothesis, a quantitative comparative analysis is performed for the Argentine case. Using data from a web-survey and correspondence analysis (CA), there are three major findings: (1) there are some widespread experiences similarly distributed across all social strata, especially those related to emotional and subjective matters; (2) other risks follow socio-structural inequalities, especially those corresponding to material and cultural aspects of consumption; (3) for specific vulnerable groups, compulsory confinement causes great dilemmas of decision-making between health and well-being.

Colonialism, the Shuar Federation, and the Ecuadorian State

10.1068/d236t ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Rubenstein
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Indigenous Movements ◽  
Ecuadorian Amazon ◽  
State Authority ◽  
Extension Of State ◽  
The Relationship

This author suggests new avenues for thinking about the relationship between formerly stateless societies and the state. It does so through a detailed study of one particular group, the Shuar, indigenous to the Ecuadorian Amazon. Formerly an acephalous society of hunter-gardeners, the Shuar now constitute a federation with a democratically elected, hierarchical leadership and are at the forefront of indigenous movements in Latin America. The author analyzes this transformation in the context of colonialism but argues that colonialism involves far more than the movement of people from one place to another or the extension of state authority over new territory. Rather, he reveals colonialism to hinge on the transformation of sociospatial boundaries. Such transformations were critical not only to Shuar ethnogenesis but also to Ecuadorian state-building. That is, colonialism involves a dialectical reorganization both of the state and of its new subjects.

scholarly journals Taming the Tiger: Voting Rights and Political Instability in Latin America

2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep M. Colomer
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Electoral Rules ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThis article discusses the relationship between certain institutional regulations of voting rights and elections, different levels of electoral participation, and the degree of political instability in several Latin American political experiences. A formal model specifies the hypotheses that sudden enlargements of the electorate may provoke high levels of political instability, especially under plurality and other restrictive electoral rules, while gradual enlargements of the electorate may prevent much electoral and political innovation and help stability. Empirical data illustrate these hypotheses. A historical survey identifies different patterns of political instability and stability in different countries and periods, which can be compared with the adoption of different voting rights regulations and electoral rules either encouraging or depressing turnout.

“Borderland” as a way of preserving and asserting identity. The historical experience of the Native American cultures of Latin America in a universal context

2021 ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Yakov Shemyakin
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Native American ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Cultural System ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linguistic Reality

The article substantiates the thesis that modern Native American cultures of Latin America reveal all the main features of &quot;borderland&quot; as a special state of the socio-cultural system (the dominant of diversity while preserving the unity sui generis, embodied in the very process of interaction of heterogeneous traditions, structuring linguistic reality in accordance with this dominant, the predominance of localism in the framework of the relationship between the universal and local dimensions of the life of Latin American societies, the key role of archaism in the system of interaction with the heritage of the 1st &quot;axial time», first of all, with Christianity, and with the realities of the &quot;second axial time&quot; - the era of modernization. The author concludes that modern Indian cultures are isomorphic in their structure to the &quot;borderline&quot; Latin American civilization, considered as a &quot;coalition of cultures&quot; (K. Levi-Strauss), which differ significantly from each other, but are united at the deepest level by an extremely contradictory relationship of its participants.

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