scholarly journals Methodological Aspects of Developing an Efficient Transportation System for Products of Forestry Enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-432
Author(s):  
Boris Turenko ◽  
Roman Kolesnik
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Timber Industry ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Cost Of Transportation ◽  
Modern Russian

Modern Russian timber industry is increasingly facing the problem of raw material shortage. The country has enough stock of root wood, however, a combination of objective factors does not allow calculated cut to be fully used. One of these factors is the transport inaccessibility of root wood. In this regard, a SWOT analysis of traditional transport modes used in the transportation of wood was performed, the strengths and weaknesses of each mode of transport were identified. It is proposed to use aircraft, namely airships as an alternative for transporting wood and other necessary kinds of cargo in the timber industry. Airships can significantly reduce the cost of transportation in the conditions of inaccessible taiga. The developed methodological approach allows us to justify the effectiveness of this type of transportation of products of forestry enterprises.

scholarly journals The competitiveness of gold fields

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Valerii V. Balashenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Opencast Mining ◽  
Competitive Growth ◽  
Gold Extraction ◽  
Simplified Procedure ◽  
The Cost

Relevance. Russia currently ranks third in terms of global gold extraction and production, and the Urals is considered the birthplace of gold mining in Russia. Gold supply of Ural enterprises nowadays makes up 20–30 years of underground mining and 30–40 years of opencast mining. Reserves increment in Russia is mostly observed at primary deposits, while extraction from placers decreases continually. At the same time, gold prices rise creates prerequisites for the involvement of reserve gold fields into operation. Insufficient financial resources often make the development of new fields impossible; access to the most promising projects, the highly competitive gold fields, is the first priority for potential investors. Research aim is to develop a methodological approach to the assessment of competitive gold fields at the stage of pre-investment study and its approval in the conditions of certain fields. Research methodology includes the benchmarking method, analogue method, and the techno-economic assessment. Results. In the course of research the main obstacles for the development of new gold fields were revealed. It has been proved that the crucial aspect of miners’ competitive advantages is the cost of crude minerals based on in-place reserves and non-commercial reserves, hard rock and other rock in dumps, valuable components in tailings, etc. A formula calculating aggregated cost of the object is proposed, and the competitiveness of the revived Peshchernoe gold field is compared with three newly developed fields of Altyntashskoe, Shilovskoe, and Iagodnoe. Based on the basic indicators of field mining, the cost of mineral raw material was calculated making it possible to rank the compared fields as far as the degree of competitiveness is concerned. Summary. The analysis has shown the gradual deterioration in the quality characteristics of gold fields with the accumulation of refuse mass. Institutional barriers and insufficient financial resources of subsoil users prevent from introducing new fields. Small and medium-sized mining enterprises’ competitive growth requires: introduction and development of land provision declarative principle for geological exploration; simplified procedure of timberland registration for subsoil use; introduction of tax benefits and simplification of subsoil usage procedures as for technogenic objects; creation of favorable investment environment; improved mechanisms aimed at integrated cluster development.

scholarly journals A Comparative Assessment of Cross-Sectoral Links in the Ukrainian Timber Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
L. Yo. Sozanskyy
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Timber Industry ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Intermediate Consumption ◽  
Timber Products ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Cost

The timber industry is an important intersectoral segment and an element of many production chains. The products of this industry are the raw material base for operation of many units of manufacturing and other economic activities. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative assessment of the cross-sectoral links of the Ukrainian timber industry, and to draw relevant analytical conclusions. The main need for assessing the cross-industry relationships of the timber industry is to determine the match and the reciprocal impact of supply and demand on woodworking products. For this purpose, the structure of output and costs (intermediate consumption) of the woodworking industry of Ukraine, Poland, Germany and other EU countries were compared. The information base of the study was the cost-release tables. An empirical study performed by the author reveals that the structure of consumption of timber products with industrial purposes in Ukraine essentially differs from the analogous structure in Poland and Germany by relatively small shares of construction and furniture industry. The revealed structural differences in cross-sectoral links of the timber industry are a core reason explaining why the consumption of timber products by the Ukrainian economy is six times lower than the Polish economy and more than twenty times lower than the German one. As a result, the supply of domestic furniture enterprises and construction sector with input resources is still an empty niche for the domestic timber industry, although a promising one.        According to the analysis of the cost structure and dynamics in timber industry of Ukraine, it was found that the cost level of domestic woodworking is the highest among EU countries. This is largely explained by the significant differences in the cost structures (intermediate consumption) of the timber industry of Ukraine and the EU. The latter is dominated by the share of timber products, while in Ukraine it tends to decrease. Also, during 2014–2017, the share of agricultural and forestry products increased in the structure of expenditures of the domestic timber industry, while the share of products and services of retail chains decreased. As a result, there was a decrease in the degree of processing of timber raw materials and deterioration in the manufacturability of production. Hence the need to transform the structure of output in timber industry in a way to increase the output of products for the construction and furniture industries, as well as creating organizational, economic and institutional legal conditions that would contribute to the growth of demand for such products in the domestic and foreign markets.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL PREMISES LOCATED IN THE ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENT BUILDING

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Iuliia Kalynichenko ◽  
Diana Nazarian
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Commercial Real Estate ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Architectural Monument ◽  
Cost Of Materials ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Background Construction

The components of value are determined. The ranking of factors, which influence the cost of buildings the monuments of architecture, is carried out. It is proved that such factors as the historical and artistic value of a buildings-monuments increase the value of the object of estimation and, at the same time, make expensive assessments, substantial expenses for restoration, repair and maintenance. It is substantiated that the prestige of the architectural monument increases the income from the use of commercial premises located in it. However, the more unique a monument, the more encumbrances and restrictions exist in the implementation of any transaction, in the conduct of economic activity in the premises that are located in such a building. The variant of classification of architectural monuments according to the method of use is suggested. The peculiarity of application of three generally accepted in the world practice of estimation of methodical approaches to determination of cost of architectural monument is analyzed. The main advantage of the cost approach is the ability to accurately determine the value of low-performing markets. Without cost analysis it is impossible to make informed decisions about the feasibility of projects for the reconstruction of architectural monuments. However, it is virtually impossible to determine accurately the cost of materials and construction technologies that existed at the time of construction of the monument. A comparable approach can only be used when assessing the premises located in buildings-monuments of urban background construction. In this case, the comparative approach will have a complementary character with respect to the results obtained by other approaches. It is proved that the use of an integral coefficient that takes into account the value of an architectural monument as an object of cultural heritage does not affect the final value of the value of the commercial premises in which it is located. It is substantiated that the main methodological approach for estimating the value of commercial premises located in monuments is the income approach. The main criterion for investment attractiveness of commercial real estate is profitability. In determining the value through the use of a return approach, in addition to a retrospective analysis, possible scenarios for future activities are modeled.

scholarly journals Analisa Persediaan Bahan Baku Mengunakan Metode EOQ (Economy Order Quantity) di CV. Alfa Nafis

Rekayasa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Sofiyanurriyanti Sofiyanurriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Inventory Cost ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Electricity Costs ◽  
Forecasting Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Transportation

<p>Persaingan yang semakin ketat antar perusahaan mendorong setiap perusahaan untuk menetapkan pengendalian terhadap persediaan bahan baku secara tepat guna untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan yang diinginkan, Salah satunya dengan cara mengetahui persediaan bahan baku pembantu dan menggunakan metode Economy Order Quantity guna untuk memaksimalkan kinerja pada setiap bagiannya. Pengumpulan dan menggunakan wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Economy Order Quantity.<br />Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukkan pengendalian persediaan bahan baku dengan menggunakan metode Economy Order Quantity di CV. Alfa Nafis. Data permintaan baja ringan pada tahun 2016 sebesar 93 unit. Dimana biaya persediaan terdiri dari biaya pemesanan meliputi biaya pengangkutan dan bongkar muat, biaya adminitrasi, biaya telepon, sedangkan biaya penyimpanan terdiri biaya listrik gudang dan biaya pajak. Untuk biaya pemesanan setiap kali pesan sebesar Rp 183.333,00. Perhitungan pada EOQ dapat menyimpulkan bahwa pembelian bahan baku baja ringan yang ekonomis adalah 8.124 m^2 dengan frekuensi 4 kali pemesanan dalam satu minggu. Maka sebaiknya CV Alfa Nafis sebaiknya menerapka metode Economy Order Quantity didalam menentukan kuantitas pembelian bahan baku pembantu secara optimal sehingga dapat meminimalkan total biaya yang akan dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan setiap tahunnya. <br />Kata Kunci: Economy Order Quantity, Biaya Persediaan, Biaya Pemesanan.</p><p><strong>Forecasting Analysis and Raw Material Supplies Using EOQ Method (Economy Order Quantity) in CV. Alfa Nafis</strong></p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Increasingly intense competition between companies encourages each company to establish control of raw material inventory in an appropriate manner to achieve the desired corporate objectives, one of them by knowing the supply of raw materials and using the method of Economy Order Quantity in order to maximize performance in each part. Collecting and using interviews and documentation. Data analysis used in this research is Economy Order Quantity. This study aims to establish raw material inventory control using Economy Order Quantity method in CV. Alfa Nafis. Data of light steel demand in 2016 amounted to 93 units. Where the cost of inventory consists of the cost of ordering include the cost of transportation and loading and unloading, administrative costs, telephone costs, while the storage costs consist of warehouse electricity costs and tax costs. For booking fee every time the message is Rp 183,333,00. Calculations on EOQ can conclude that the purchase of lightweight, economically feasible steel is 8,124 m ^ 2 with a frequency of 4 orders in a week. Then CV Alfa Nafis should preferably apply the Economy Order Quantity method in determining the quantity of purchase of raw material auxiliary optimally so as to minimize the total cost to be issued by the company every year.<br />Keywords: Economy Order Quantity, Inventory Cost, Booking Cost.</p>

Resource efficiency in deinked pulp production: a review

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIISA KOTANEN ◽  
MIKA KÖRKKÖ ◽  
ARI ÄMMÄLÄ ◽  
JOUKO NIINIMÄKI
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ecological Strategy ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Recycled Pulp ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pulp Production

The use of recovered paper as a raw material for paper production is by far the most economical and ecological strategy for the disposal of waste paper. However, paper production from recovered paper furnish generates a great amount of residues, and the higher the demand requirements for the end product, the higher the amount of rejected material. The reason for this is that the selectivity of the deinking process is limited; therefore, some valuable components are also lost in reject streams. The rejection of usable components affects the economics of recycled paper production. As the cost of waste disposal continues to increase, this issue is becoming more and more severe. This paper summarizes the current state of the resource efficiency in recycled pulp production and provides information on the volumes of rejected streams and the usable material within them. Various means to use these reject streams are also discussed, including the main findings of a recent thesis by the main author. This review summarizes current internal and external use of reject streams generated in the deinking operations.

OPTIMAL FEASIBLE SOLUTIONS TO A ROAD FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Tolulope Latunde ◽  
Joseph Oluwaseun Richard ◽  
Opeyemi Odunayo Esan ◽  
Damilola Deborah Dare
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Problem ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
North West ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Basic Feasible Solutions ◽  
Feasible Solutions ◽  
Road Freight Transportation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Transportation

For twenty decades, there is a visible ever forward advancement in the technology of mobility, vehicles and transportation system in general. However, there is no "cure-all" remedy ideal enough to solve all life problems but mathematics has proven that if the problem can be determined, it is most likely solvable. New methods and applications will keep coming to making sure that life problems will be solved faster and easier. This study is to adopt a mathematical transportation problem in the Coca-Cola company aiming to help the logistics department manager of the Asejire and Ikeja plant to decide on how to distribute demand by the customers and at the same time, minimize the cost of transportation. Here, different algorithms are used and compared to generate an optimal solution, namely; North West Corner Method (NWC), Least Cost Method (LCM) and Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM). The transportation model type in this work is the Linear Programming as the problems are represented in tables and results are compared with the result obtained on Maple 18 software. The study shows various ways in which the initial basic feasible solutions to the problem can be obtained where the best method that saves the highest percentage of transportation cost with for this problem is the NWC. The NWC produces the optimal transportation cost which is 517,040 units.

SELISIH BIAYA PRODUKSI SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN MANAJEMEN PT INDO PUSAKA BERAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
SAFITRI NURHIDAYATI ◽  
RIZKI AMELYA SYAM
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to analyze whether the difference that occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor, and factory overhead costs between the standard costs and the actual costs in PLTU LATI is a difference that is favorable or unfavorable. Data collection techniques with field research and library research. The analytical tool used is the analysis of the difference in raw material costs, the difference in direct labor costs and the difference in factory overhead costs. The hypothesis in this study is that the difference allegedly occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb is a favorable difference. The results showed that the difference in the cost of producing MWh electricity at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb in 2018, namely the difference in the price of raw material costs Rp. 548,029.80, - is favorable, the difference in quantity of raw materials is Rp. 957,216,602, - is (favorable) , the difference in direct labor costs Rp 2,602,642,084, - is (unfavorable), and the difference in factory overhead costs Rp 8,807,051,422, - is (favorable) This shows that the difference in the overall production cost budget is favorable or profitable. This beneficial difference shows that the company is really able to reduce production costs optimally in 2018.  

Are Roundabouts Safe and Economically Viable Replacing Conventional Diamond Interchange Ramp Terminals?

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110088
Author(s):  
Boris Claros ◽  
Beau Burdett ◽  
Madhav Chitturi ◽  
Andrea Bill ◽  
David A. Noyce
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Weighted Distribution ◽  
Crash Rates ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Service Life Cycle

Roundabout implementations at traditional intersections have been shown to be effective at reducing severe crashes. Roundabouts have also been implemented at interchange ramp terminals; however, limited research is available. In this study, 25 roundabout ramp terminal implementations were evaluated. The methodological approach consisted of Empirical Bayes for safety effectiveness and crash cost changes, crash type weighted distribution, crash rate analysis of bypass configuration, and cost of implementation. Roundabouts were effective at reducing fatal and injury crashes when replacing existing interchange diamond ramp terminals: 65% reduction for roundabouts replacing stop-controlled ramp terminals and 41% reduction for roundabouts replacing signal-controlled ramp terminals. Observed crash type weighted distributions are provided to visualize the frequency and location of crashes within roundabout ramp terminals for design considerations. Exit ramp and outside crossroad approaches with right-turn bypass showed significantly lower crash rates than designs without bypass. The crash cost analysis showed that roundabouts replacing diamond ramp terminals yielded crash cost savings of between $95,000 and $253,000 per site per year (69% to 54% decrease in crash costs). Considering crash costs savings only, the cost of implementation should be less than $1.9 million for a roundabout replacing a stop-controlled ramp terminal and less than $5.1 million for a roundabout replacing a signal-controlled ramp terminal to accomplish benefit-cost ratios greater than one for a service life cycle of 20 years. Costs are in 2019 dollars.

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