scholarly journals The Patchwork Text as Assessment Tool for Postgraduate Law Teaching in South Africa

Obiter ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-308
Author(s):  
JG Horn ◽  
L Van Niekerk

In the increasingly competitive higher education sphere, delivering graduates with a sound academic grounding in their discipline is no longer enough. Institutions of higher learning must yield lifelong learners who are employable and equipped with the practical skills required by the profession. To ensure this, the right assessment approach is key. While assessment has always been a crucial component of instruction, traditional assessment tools run the risk of being mere tools for certification, facilitating surface learning instead of deep learning. Assessment approaches need to be re-evaluated to strike a balance between encouraging deep learning and instilling proper academic knowledge in graduates. To contribute to such a re-evaluation of traditional assessment methods, this article reports on the introduction of the patchwork text (PWT) as an alternative assessment tool in postgraduate law teaching at the University of the Free State (UFS). After making the case for the move towards more authentic, alternative assessment techniques, the authors embark on a discussion of the main features of the PWT, as well as guidelines for drafting a PWT assessment. The focus then shifts to an overview of PWT implementation in other postgraduate modules, ending with a discussion of the authors’ experience introducing the PWT in their own teaching. Useful information about the authors’ approach is shared, including examples of formative assessment exercises used as part of the PWT, specifics regarding the portfolio of evidence of learning to be handed in, and an outline of the four “patches” making up the assessment. It is concluded that the PWT has proven to be a viable tool for assessing postgraduate students in certain law modules at the UFS. It has managed to promote deep learning, develop students into critical thinkers and problem-solvers, and compel them to continuously engage with the study material – all while achieving the intended learning outcomes. The PWT is therefore recommended to lecturers who seek to equip students with a macro-vision of their field of study, the ability to integrate and contextualise different areas of the discipline, and the skill to reflect critically on new, emerging developments in the field.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-429
Author(s):  
Jason A. Lord ◽  
Danny J. Zuege ◽  
Maria Palacios Mackay ◽  
Amanda Roze des Ordons ◽  
Jocelyn Lockyer

ABSTRACT Background Determining procedural competence requires psychometrically sound assessment tools. A variety of instruments are available to determine procedural performance for central venous catheter (CVC) insertion, but it is not clear which ones should be used in the context of competency-based medical education. Objective We compared several commonly used instruments to determine which should be preferentially used to assess competence in CVC insertion. Methods Junior residents completing their first intensive care unit rotation between July 31, 2006, and March 9, 2007, were video-recorded performing CVC insertion on task trainer mannequins. Between June 1, 2016, and September 30, 2016, 3 experienced raters judged procedural competence on the historical video recordings of resident performance using 4 separate tools, including an itemized checklist, Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS), a critical error assessment tool, and the Ottawa Surgical Competency Operating Room Evaluation (O-SCORE). Generalizability theory (G-theory) was used to compare the performance characteristics among the tools. A decision study predicted the optimal testing environment using the tools. Results At the time of the original recording, 127 residents rotated through intensive care units at the University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Seventy-seven of them (61%) met inclusion criteria, and 55 of those residents (71%) agreed to participate. Results from the generalizability study (G-study) demonstrated that scores from O-SCORE and OSATS were the most dependable. Dependability could be maintained for O-SCORE and OSATS with 2 raters. Conclusions Our results suggest that global rating scales, such as the OSATS or the O-SCORE tools, should be preferentially utilized for assessment of competence in CVC insertion.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suha Al Muhaissen ◽  
Hatim S. AlKhatib ◽  
Gayle Brazeau ◽  
Amal Akour

Abstract Background Examination is the traditional assessment tool, and are used to guide the improvement of academic programs. Accreditation committees’ emphasis on the implementation of standardized examinations. The aims of the current study are to evaluate the quality of assessment tools of sixth year PharmD students as a function of assessment item format and type/structure and to assess the effect of the number of response choices on the characteristics of MCQs as assessment items. Methods. A total of 173 assessment items used in the examinations of sixth year rotations of PharmD program were included. Items were classified as case based or non-case based and as MCQs or open-ended. The psychometric characteristics of examinations were studied as a function of the level of the Bloom’s levels addressed by an item, item format, and number of choices in MCQs. Results. Items addressing intellectual and analysis skills were more difficult, while items associated with multiple cognitive levels were more discriminative. No differences were found between case based and noncase based items in terms of their difficulty, with a slightly better discrimination in the letter. Open-ended items were easier, yet more discriminative. MCQs with higher number of options were easier and more discriminative. Open-ended questions were significantly easier and more discriminative in comparison to MCQs as case based items while they were more difficult and more discriminative as non-case based items. Conclusion. Item formats, structure, and number of options in MCQs, affected students’ performance and overall examination quality. The discrimination of items associated with multiple Bloom’s levels was significantly higher than those associated with a single level. Noncase based items and open-ended items were easier and more discriminative than case based items and MCQs, respectively.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Koetsier ◽  
M. M. A. van Mil ◽  
M. M. A. Eilander ◽  
E. van den Eynde ◽  
C. A. Baan ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The causes and consequences of childhood obesity are complex and multifaceted. Therefore, an integrated care approach is required to address weight-related issues and improve children’s health, societal participation and quality of life. Conducting a psychosocial and lifestyle assessment is an essential part of an integrated care approach. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences, needs and wishes of healthcare professionals with respect to carrying out a psychosocial and lifestyle assessment of childhood obesity. Methods Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with Dutch healthcare professionals, who are responsible for coordinating the support and care for children with obesity (coordinating professionals, ‘CPs’). The following topics were addressed in our interviews with these professionals: CPs’ experiences of both using childhood obesity assessment tools and their content, and CPs’ needs and wishes related to content, circumstances and required competences. The interviews comprised open-ended questions and were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data was analysed using template analyses and complemented with open coding in MAXQDA. Results Most CPs experienced both developing a trusting relationship with the children and their parents, as well as establishing the right tone when engaging in weight-related conversations as important. CPs indicated that visual materials were helpful in such conversations. All CPs used a supporting assessment tool to conduct the psychosocial and lifestyle assessment but they also indicated that a more optimal tool was desirable. They recognized the need for specific attributes that helped them to carry out these assessments, namely: sufficient knowledge about the complexity of obesity; having an affinity with obesity-related issues; their experience as a CP; using conversational techniques, such as solution-focused counselling and motivational interviewing; peer-to-peer coaching; and finally, maintaining an open-minded, non-stigmatizing stance and harmonizing their attitude with that of the child and their parents. Conclusions Alongside the need for a suitable tool for conducting a psychosocial and lifestyle assessment, CPs expressed the need for requisite knowledge, skills and attitudes. Further developing a supporting assessment tool is necessary in order to facilitate CPs and thereby improve the support and care for children with obesity and their families.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-120
Author(s):  
Alexandr Svetlicinii

With the rapidly unfolding China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI ) and the ongoing reform of the State-owned enterprises (SOEs), the number of overseas acquisitions by the Chinese SOEs in various industrial and services sectors is gradually on the rise. These transactions have raised a number of questions in terms of the assessment of the economic concentrations’ potential impact on competition and challenged the traditional assessment tools employed by the merger control regimes. The paper examines the evolving experience of Chinese SOEs’ acquisitions in the European Union (EU), which are subject to ex ante assessment under both EU and national merger control regimes. The analysis of the merger assessment practice of the EU Commission culminating in the recent conditional approval of the ChemChina/Syngenta merger indicates that the traditional assessment tools, when applied to the acquisitions by Chinese SOEs, may no longer be adequate to grasp the essence of their corporate governance and decision-making. The review of the merger control practice of the national competition authorities (NCAs) also demonstrates the absence of a coherent assessment approach to the cases involving Chinese SOEs, which may lead to the inconsistent enforcement and strengthening of the foreign investment screening on grounds other than market competition.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Tajularipin Sulaiman ◽  
Suzieleez Syrene Abdul Rahim ◽  
KaiYan Wong ◽  
Wan Marzuki Wan Jaafar

Abstract: In the teaching and learning process, assessment can be applied in various ways.  In order to ensure the quality of education, assessment should be performed as a platform to support student learning. The role of assessment also ensures that students’ learning outcomes meet the needs of the 21st century skills. “Scratch & Challenge Board” (SCB) can be used to support the 21st century teaching and learning environment through focus group discussions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of university students on the use of “Scratch & Challenge Board” as an alternative assessment tool in enhancing students’ skills. This study applied the qualitative research approach. Data were collected through focus group interviews and related documents such as students’ assignments. A total of 10 focus group were obtained, with 3-4 students in each group, and each discussion was moderated by an experienced moderator. Collected data were analysed using constant comparative data analysis methods to obtain the themes. Four (4) themes emerged in this study: (i) alternative assessment encourages active participation in learning, (ii) integrating technologies in assessment tools, (iii) relevant with 21st century skills, and (iv) improvement in learning environment. In conclusion, the “Scratch and Challenge Board” is an assessment tool that not only supports face-to-face teaching and learning, but can also be integrated with technological devices and social media platforms. The “Scratch and Challenge Board” also enhances students’ 21st century skills   Keywords: Assessment tool, Alternative assessment, Group discussion, Teaching innovation


2003 ◽  
pp. 210-224
Author(s):  
Apiwan D. Born ◽  
Carol M. Jessup

This chapter examines a performance assessment tool (i.e., rubric) that is increasingly being utilized in online courses. The concept of performance assessment in the virtual classroom environment is discussed, including the proposition that using traditional assessment tools alone is not sufficient. Issues related to rubrics are identified, and guidelines are presented for online instructors and course developers. Emerging trends and future research opportunities are also provided.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Umut Doğan

An alternative assessment tool called the Profile of Psychological Strategies (ProPS) was recently developed to measure athletes’ perceptions of (a) which strategies they use, (b) to pursue which psychological outcomes, and (c) how effective their strategies are in pursuing those psychological outcomes. This case study explains the process of evaluating this new, flexible, and highly applied tool’s theoretical validity/coherence, reliability, and immediate utility with 101 competitive athletes. This study showed that the theoretical validity and reliability of even nonstandardized, highly applied assessment tools can be evaluated. The ProPS was found to have good preliminary levels of divergent validity and immediate utility. The ProPS was also preliminarily found to have acceptable levels of known-group, concurrent, and convergent evidence, as well as test–retest reliability. Athletes in higher resilience and/or lower concentration disruption groups tended to report higher levels of effectiveness in selected psychological strategies. This case study can be useful for sport experts, especially sport psychology practitioners, wishing to use the ProPS to measure athletes’ psychological strategies and for those aiming to evaluate their own applied assessment tool.


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Salvati ◽  
David Bright ◽  
Margaret De Voest ◽  
Lisa Meny ◽  
Kali VanLangen ◽  
...  

The Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education Standards 2016 state that colleges of pharmacy must assess student achievement and readiness to contribute as a member of an interprofessional collaborative patient care team. There are a limited number of assessment tools available to achieve this part of the Standards. The purpose of this Case Study Report is to describe the process that one college of pharmacy took to develop an interprofessional education (IPE) assessment tool to be used for their longitudinal assessment approach for IPE in the didactic portion of the curriculum. Strategies for the development of an assessment tool are provided through three themes: continuous refinement, collaboration and streamlining. Next steps for the implementation of the assessment tool, as well as evaluating its validity and reliability, are discussed.   Type: Case Study


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Anita Muho ◽  
Klodiana Leka

The goal of this study is to find out what students think about using a portfolio as a motivator tool in studying English as a foreign language. As they include both students' and teachers' viewpoints on the learning process, portfolios are viewed as potential assessment tools. This study made use of qualitative methods of research. We have used interviews, which was conducted with 70 students, in four high schools in Durres, Albania. Students' perceptions of utilizing portfolios as an assessment tool revealed that portfolios help students be more autonomous, promote critical thinking, and increase motivation. Portfolio is an effective assessment approach since it encourages students to improve in maturity and independence rather of simply exposing their flaws. Portfolio helps them to be critical thinkers and independent consequently motivating them in learning English as a foreign language. This study will assist teachers in using portfolios as an assessment tool to encourage students to learn English as a foreign language.   Received: 5 June 2021 / Accepted: 13 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021


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