scholarly journals Trade liberalization and state support of agriculture: effects for developing countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 524-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Erokhin ◽  
A. Ivolga ◽  
W.J.M. Heijman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
State Support ◽  
Current State ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Domestic Support

The paper aims at the overview of the main approaches of state support implemented by developed and developing countries and the assessment of their distorting influences on the trade with agricultural commodities. The current state of state support is analyzed on the examples of EU-27, the USA and Japan. The experiences of developing countries are summarized on the examples of China, Russia and the CIS countries. State support tools are grouped according to the WTO classification. The alternative classification is implemented in order to compare the distorting effects caused by the state support. The EPACIS model is implemented to analyze the effects of trade liberalization for the distribution of agricultural commodities and trade policies in developing countries. The model is adjusted in order to assess the effects of state support for the production and trade with agricultural commodities in developing countries, recently accessed the WTO (the case of Russia). Imitation calculations allow formulating policies for the developing agricultural markets depending on the degrees of their sensitivity to foreign trade regulations and domestic support.  

Agriculture: Food Security and Trade Liberalization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Tangermann
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Doha Round ◽  
Domestic Support ◽  
Agreement On Agriculture

In the WTO's Doha Round, agriculture is again at center stage, even though it accounts for no more than a small and declining share of world trade. The Agreement on Agriculture concluded in the Uruguay Round was a huge step forward in the GATT's dealings with agriculture. But more needs to be done. In recent years, agricultural support in several developing countries has increased while developed countries have reformed their farm policies and improved market orientation. One specific problem in the Doha Round negotiations on agriculture is the treatment of public stockholding for food security purposes. A possible solution could come through an amendment of the rules for measuring domestic support, by agreeing that procurement prices below prices prevailing on international markets are not considered "administered prices".

scholarly journals Czech Agrarian Trade Comparative Advantages Distribution in Relation to Developed and Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1015
Author(s):  
Luboš Smutka ◽  
Mansoor Maitah ◽  
Miroslav Svatoš
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Current State ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Level Of Processing

This article deals with the issues of the current state of commodity structure and distribution of comparative advantages of the Czech agrarian trade in comparison to developed, developing and also in comparison with Commonwealth of Independent States and in relation to other European countries (i.e. non‑EU and CIS countries). The goal of this paper is to identify how the comparative advantages of Czech Agrarian exports are distributed. In addition to this, the article also attempts to identify the main differences in the characteristics of agrarian trade between developed countries on one hand and developing countries on the other hand. The results suggest that the agrarian trade performs very differently in relation to individual groups of countries. The Czech agrarian trade has been progressively developing, specifically in relation to developer countries of the world. In this regard, it is necessary to mention the constantly improving characteristics of the Czech agrarian trade in relation to EU28 countries (however, the comparative advantages are based on low prices and high volumes of exported goods. In relation to developing countries, Czech trade is more or less stagnate (however, the trade is based on items with a higher level of processing and in comparison with developed countries is also based on items with significantly higher unit prices). A rather specific development was also recorded in relation to CIS countries and “other European countries”. The Czech Republic has a highly competitive commodity structure in relation to these countries, which is primarily based on the export of goods with higher value added and relatively high per kilogram prices.

GREEN OPEN ACCESS IN KENYA: A REVIEW OF THE CONTENT, POLICIES AND USAGE OF INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORIES

Mousaion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-54
Author(s):  
Wanyenda Leonard Chilimo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Repositories ◽  
Current State ◽  
Theses And Dissertations

 There is scant research-based evidence on the development and adoption of open access (OA) and institutional repositories (IRs) in Africa, and in Kenya in particular. This article reports on a study that attempted to fill that gap and provide feedback on the various OA projects and advocacy work currently underway in universities and research institutions in Kenya and in other developing countries. The article presents the findings of a descriptive study that set out to evaluate the current state of IRs in Kenya. Webometric approaches and interviews with IR managers were used to collect the data for the study. The findings showed that Kenya has made some progress in adopting OA with a total of 12 IRs currently listed in the Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR) and five mandatory self-archiving policies listed in the Registry of Open Access Repositories Mandatory Archiving Policies (ROARMAP). Most of the IRs are owned by universities where theses and dissertations constitute the majority of the content type followed by journal articles. The results on the usage and impact of materials deposited in Kenyan IRs indicated that the most viewed publications in the repositories also received citations in Google Scholar, thereby signifying their impact and importance. The results also showed that there was a considerable interest in Swahili language publications among users of the repositories in Kenya.

They did not start the fire: reviewing and resolving the issue of physician stress and burnout

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Christine Babyar
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organizational Strategies ◽  
Physician Burnout ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Research Accountability ◽  
Physician Stress

Purpose Physician stress and burnout is a serious and common concern in healthcare, with over half of physicians in the USA meeting at least one criterion for burnout. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach A review on current state of physician stress and burnout research, from 2008 to 2016, was undertaken. A subsequent perspective paper was shaped around these reviews. Findings Findings reveal research strength in prevalence and incidence with opportunities for stronger intervention studies. While descriptive studies on causes and consequences of physician burnout are available, studies on interventions and prevention of physician burnout are lacking. Future research on physician stress and burnout should incorporate intervention studies and take care to avoid limitations found in current research. Accountability and prevention of physician burnout is the responsibility of the healthcare industry as a whole, and organizational strategies must be emphasized in future research. Originality/value The value of this research comes in the original comprehensive review, international inclusion and succinct summary of physician burnout research and strategies.

Criteria for the Evaluation of Social Policy Effectiveness of States

2014 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
V. Sautkina
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
State Control ◽  
National Education ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

The following article is devoted to the study of current state of national education and healthcare systems. The cost of services in these areas constantly increases, there for even developed countries are forced to make significant efforts in order to maintain earlier achieved results. Due to this reason countries entered into the period of constant reforms with the purpose of maintaining that high level of health and educational services for all segments of population with a constant reduction of its volume of financing. The legal aspects of these changes are requiring manifestation of the will of politicians in order to overcome the opposition of parties which are defending their interests. As an example, the main opponents of the healthcare reforms proposed by Barak Obama in the USA are Republicans who are concerned about a significant increase of a state control over the entire national insurance system. The author comes to the conclusion that only joint actions of the government and every segment of population might actually improve the quality of medical and educational services.

scholarly journals Private in-patient psychiatry in the USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mark Russakoff
Keyword(s):  
Managed Care ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Current System ◽  
Baby Boomer Generation ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

SummaryThe US healthcare system is in the midst of major changes driven by four forces: the growing consensus in the country that the current system is financially unsustainable; managed care and parity legislation; the Affordable Care Act 2010; and the ageing of the ‘baby boomer’ generation. How these forces will combine and interact is unclear. The current state of in-patient psychiatric care and trends affecting the private practice of in-patient psychiatry over the next few years will be described.

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