scholarly journals Breeding for higher productivity in mulberry

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vijayan ◽  
P.P. Srivastava ◽  
P.J. Raju ◽  
B. Saratchandra
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Considerable Improvement ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori ◽  
Made In

Mulberry (Morus L.) is an economically important tree being cultivated for its leaves to rear the silkworm Bombyx mori. Rearing of silkworm is an art and science popularly known as sericulture; an agrobased cottage industry provides employment to millions in China, India, Korea, Vietnam, etc. Mulberry is a perennial tree that maintains high heterozygosity due to the outbreeding reproductive system. It is recalcitrant to most of the conventional breeding methods, yet considerable improvement has been made in leaf yield and leaf quality. Conventional breeding in mulberry is a tedious, labour intensive and time taking process, which needs to be complemented with modern biotechnological methods to speed up the process. This article enumerates the problems, challenges, constraints and achievements in mulberry breeding along with recent advances in biotechnology and molecular biology to enable mulberry breeders to tackle specific problems more systematically and effectively.

Flue-cured tobacco tolerance to S-metolachlor

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 843-848
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Clapp ◽  
Matthew C. Vann ◽  
Charles W. Cahoon ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Loren R. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Plant Injury ◽  
Injury Potential

AbstractCurrently, there are seven herbicides labeled for U.S. tobacco production; however, additional modes of action are greatly needed in order to reduce the risk of herbicide resistance. Field experiments were conducted at five locations during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons to evaluate flue-cured tobacco tolerance to S-metolachlor applied pretransplanting incorporated (PTI) and pretransplanting (PRETR) at 1.07 (1×) and 2.14 (2×) kg ai ha−1. Severe injury was observed 6 wk after transplanting at the Whiteville environment in 2017 when S-metolachlor was applied PTI. End-of-season plant heights from PTI treatments at Whiteville were likewise reduced by 9% to 29% compared with nontreated controls, although cured leaf yield and value were reduced only when S-metolachlor was applied PTI at the 2× rate. Severe growth reduction was also observed at the Kinston location in 2018 where S-metolachlor was applied at the 2× rate. End-of-season plant heights were reduced 11% (PTI, 2×) and 20% (PRETR, 2×) compared with nontreated control plants. Cured leaf yield was reduced in Kinston when S-metolachlor was applied PRETR at the 2× rate; however, treatments did not impact cured leaf quality or value. Visual injury and reductions in stalk height, yield, quality, and value were not observed at the other three locations. Ultimately, it appears that injury potential from S-metolachlor is promoted by coarse soil texture and high early-season precipitation close to transplanting, both of which were documented at the Whiteville and Kinston locations. To reduce plant injury and the negative impacts to leaf yield and value, application rates lower than 1.07 kg ha−1 may be required in these scenarios.

Influence of Lime and Macronutrients on Flue-cured Tobacco in Malaysian Tropical Peat

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Y. Chew ◽  
K. T. Joseph ◽  
M. A. Adam ◽  
K. Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Tropical Peat ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
N Rates

SUMMARYOn unlimed Malaysian peat (pH 3.5), flue-cured tobacco produced negligible leaf yields and showed no response to urea. Liming up to pH 5.25 (32 t/ha lime) linearly increased leaf yield. Tobacco responded linearly without reduced leaf quality to 90 k/ha N at pH 4.01 (8 t/ha lime), but to 45 kg/ha N at pH 4.40–5.25 (16–32 t/ha lime), higher N rates at the respective liming levels producing leaves of lower quality. The optimum rates of P and K for flue-cured tobacco appeared to be 26 and 186 kg/ha respectively, with linear responses up to those rates.

scholarly journals Comparison of Marker-assisted Selection and Conventional Breeding Methods for Selection of High Palatability Rice

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Pil Suh ◽  
Young-Chan Cho ◽  
Yong-Jae Won ◽  
Jeong-Heui Lee ◽  
Eok-Keun Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
Selection Of

Biology and structure of the zona pellucida: a target for immunocontraception

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Epifano ◽  
J Dean
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Specific Structure ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Made In

Although reversible interference of sperm-egg interactions with pharmacological agents has not yet been achieved, animal models have provided increasing evidence that immunological reagents directed against mammalian gametes can effectively inhibit fertilization. One potential target of immunocontraception is the zona pellucida, an extracellular matrix that surrounds the growing oocyte and ovulated egg. Recent advances in our knowledge of the biosynthesis and molecular biology of the zona pellucida have provided much information useful in the rational design of immunocontraceptive vaccines. There remain, however, major obstacles to using immunological reagents to prevent fertilization, including potential toxic side effects, the lack of adequate delivery systems and the possibility of incomplete reversibility. This review summarizes current understanding of the production of the zona pellucida during folliculogenesis, the structure of the conserved proteins and genes in the zona pellucida, and the progress made in the development of immunocontraceptive strategies that focus on this oocyte-specific structure.

Practical implementations for improving the throughput in a manual crystallization setup

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Biertümpfel ◽  
Jérôme Basquin ◽  
Dietrich Suck
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Structural Genomics ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Financial Investments ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Reduction Of Costs ◽  
Made In

For the past few years, the number of structural genomics projects has been growing enormously worldwide. All these projects are supported by substantial financial resources and therefore are able to employ robotics for setting up high-throughput platforms. This paper addresses a simple question: how can basic research laboratories draw profit from the efforts and innovations that have been made to establish high-throughput facilities? To answer this question, the implementations that have been made in the authors' laboratory to improve manual crystallization setup with very limited financial investments are presented. In combination with 96-well microplates, an advanced protocol has been introduced and several simple devices have been designed to speed up different aspects of the manual crystallization setup, from storage of solutions to the setting of drops. These implementations lead to the reduction of costs in terms of time and money without any loss of quality. In addition, the crystallization throughput in the manual setup has been significantly increased.

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