scholarly journals Inter- and intra-population variation of local maize (Zea mays L.) populations from Slovakia and Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Múdry ◽  
J. Kraic
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Isoenzyme Polymorphism ◽  
New Alleles

Evaluation of genetic variation was performed within 62 local maize populations originating from Slovakia and Czech Republic. In total 48 alleles at 22 analyzed isoenzyme loci with an average of 2.2 alleles per locus were revealed. The percentage of polymorphic loci ranged from 14% to 59% and the frequencies of detected alleles varied from null to four per locus. No polymorphism was detected at the loci <i>Dia2</i>, <i>Got3</i>, <i>Mdh4</i>, <i>Mmm</i>, and <i>Pgm1</i>. The highest number of alleles (four) was detected at loci <i>Acp1</i>, <i>Cat3</i>, <i>Pgm2</i>. No new alleles were identified, nevertheless the frequency of seven alleles was only about 1%. The expected heterozygosity ranged from null to 0.492 with an average of 0.197. The revealed isoenzyme polymorphism confirmed that all analyzed populations were heterogeneous and as many as 17 of them were completely heterogeneous. None of the analyzed populations was identical in the frequency of alleles at all 22 analyzed loci.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of silver-fir populations in the Beskids

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Mejnartowicz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Rare Alleles

Twenty-eight isozymic loci were studied in the Beskid Mts., in four populations of common silver-fir (<em>Abies alba</em>): one in Beskid Makowski (BM) and three populations in Beskid Sądecki (BS). Their genetic variation and diversity were analyzed, and Nei's genetic distances between the populations were calculated. The results show that the geographical distance between the BM population and the three BS populations is reflected in genetic distances. The BM population is clearly distinct from the others. It has the lowest genetic diversity (<em>I</em> = <em>0.42</em>), percentage of polymorphic loci <em>(%PoL </em>= <em>64.29</em>) and number of rare alleles (<em>NoRa </em>= <em>5</em>). Besides, the BM population has the highest observed heterozygosity (<em>Ho </em>= <em>0.291</em>), which exceeds the expected heterozygosity (<em>He </em>= <em>0.254</em>), estimated on the basis of the Hardy-Weinberg Principle. On the contrary, BS populations are in the state of equilibrium, which is manifested, in similar values of <em>He </em>= <em>0.262 </em>and <em>Ho </em>= <em>0.264</em>.

scholarly journals Effects of gamma radiation on quantitative traits and genetic variation of three successive generations of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Vanmathi ◽  
D Arulbalachandran ◽  
V Soundarya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Successive Generations

An annual pulse crop cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), commonly named southern pea, is a nourishing constituent for the human diet and fodder. Gamma rays are a potent mutagenic agent to stimulate genetic variation with better characteristics, improving the yield relating traits in crops. Hence, the present study focused on exploring genetic variation between three generations in the mutant populations of cowpea through SCoT markers. The mutant populations of three successive generations, M1, M2 and M3, were induced by different doses [200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and 1200 Gray (Gy)] gamma irradiation. The results depict that the quantitative characters were reduced by increasing the dosage of gamma irradiation in the M1 generation. In contrast, the second and third generation of plants showed a significant increase in yield and yield contributing traits than control and the maximum increase was noticed at 200 Gy and 400 Gy. Days to first flowering was delayed in irradiated plants than control of M1 generation. In contrast, in consecutive generations (M2 and M3), the early first flowering was noticed at 400 Gy and late flowering was observed at 800 Gy compared respectively to control and other doses. Seed yield per plant mean value was increased at 200 Gy in both generations (M2 and M3); it may produce new genotypes to desirable traits such as yield and quality. SCoT markers were used to explore genetic variation at the genomic level of mutant populations and screened with eight primers. Among them, seven primers showed amplification of 222 bands, in which 133 bands showed polymorphism. The polymorphic bands varied from 3.03–96.07%. The genetic variation, such as the number of different alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), Shannon’s information index (I), expected heterozygosity (He) and unbiased expected heterozygosity (uHe) showed an average value of 1.352 ± 0.092, 1.278 ± 0.027, 0.293 ± 0.023, 0.184 ± 0.016, and 0.194 ± 0.016, respectively. AMOVA depicted significant genetic variation between all generations and indicated a total of 95% within populations and 5% among population variation by the marker used. The present investigations prominently showed that the variations induced by gamma irradiation were inherited from successive generations of the improvement in cowpea quantitative traits. This investigation gives acceptable proof that the SCoT markers are a valuable tool to identify the genetic variation among the three generations of cowpea.

scholarly journals GENETIC POLYMORPHISM AND SEED DIFFERENTIATION SCOTS PINE SEEDS OF DIFFERENT SELECTION CATEGORIES USING ISSR-MARKERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Olga Sheikina ◽  
Tat'yana Krivorotova ◽  
Yuriy Gladkov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Issr Primers

The purpose of the study is a comparative assessment of the genetic diversity and differentiation of common pine seeds of different breeding categories. The object of the study was seeds harvested on permanent forest seed plots and clone forest seed plantations in the Penza region, the Chuvash Republic and the Republic of Mari El. A polymerase chain reaction method with ISSR primers has been used to assess the level of genetic diversity and differentiation. A total of 250 loci have been amplified using 6 ISSR primers, 210 of which were polymorphic ones. The studied seed batches were characterized by different levels of genetic variation. Indicators of genetic diversity of seeds (improved breeding category) have varied within the following limits: the percentage of polymorphic loci from 56.3 to 72.6; the number of alleles per locus from 1.56 to 1.73; effective number of alleles from 1.26 to 1.38; expected heterozygosity from 0.17 to 0.23. Seeds of the normal selection category are characterized by the following indicators of genetic diversity: the percentage of polymorphic loci is 57.2–72.6; the number of alleles per locus 1.57–1.68; the effective number of alleles is 1.25–1.33; expected heterozygosity - 0.16–0.19. Dependence of the level of genetic diversity on the selection category of seeds has not been identified. Generalized indicators of the genetic diversity of improved seeds have been close or higher in comparison with normal seeds. Ney's genetic distance between 8 batches of seeds has ranged from 0.027 to 0.113. The genetic subdivision index (GSI) was 0.25. Therefore, a large proportion of the genetic variation is located inside seed batches (75%).

Comparison of the allozyme diversity in several populations of Chamaecyparisformosensis and Chamaecyparistaiwanensis

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2128-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsan-Piao Lin ◽  
Tzen-Yu Lee ◽  
Li-Feng Yang ◽  
Yong-Ly Chung ◽  
Jenq-Chuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Population Variation ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Allozyme Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
One Year

Genetic diversity within and genetic differentiation among three populations of Chamaecyparisformosensis Matsum. and two populations of Chamaecyparistaiwanensis Masam. & Suzuki were investigated using one-year-old seedlings collected from central and northern Taiwan. For C. formosensis 330 seedlings from 33 seed trees were used, while for C. taiwanensis 260 seedlings from 26 seed trees were used. Eleven enzyme systems were investigated. In C. formosensis, 5 of the 21 loci examined were polymorphic. The average percentage of polymorphic loci per population was 20.6% at the 99% criterion for polymorphism. Mean expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.079 to 0.100 in the different populations. On average, there were 6.6 to 9.2% heterozygous loci per individual and 1.24 to 1.29 alleles per locus; the effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.09 to 1.11. In C. taiwanensis, 7 of the 20 loci examined were polymorphic and the average percentage of polymorphic loci per population was 22.5%. Mean expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.044 to 0.060. On average there were 4.5 to 5.6% heterozygous loci per individual and 1.45 alleles per locus; the effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.05 to 1.08. The surprisingly low expected heterozygosity and percentage of polymorphic loci compared with other conifer probably reflects the insular nature of these species. Partitioning the genetic variability into within- and among-population components with F-statistics led to an estimate of within-population variation of 95% of the total variation in both C. formosensis and C. taiwanensis. Chamaecyparisformosensis had a positive fixation index (0.109) that was significantly different from zero at the 5% level, indicating that most loci have slightly higher frequencies of homozygotes. Chamaecyparistaiwanensis, however, had a fixation index close to zero (0.036), which suggests that most loci are in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The genetic distance between C. formosensis and C. taiwanensis was 0.70, which clearly separates these two species.

Isolation of new alleles of the swine TLR4 gene and analysis of its genetic variation

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang-Yuan PAN ◽  
Lan YE ◽  
Jing ZHU ◽  
Zi-Dong DU ◽  
Xiao-Guo HUANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
I Gene ◽  
New Alleles

scholarly journals Combining Ability and Heterosis of Algerian Saharan Maize Populations (Zea mays L.) for Tolerance to No-Nitrogen Fertilization and Drought

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Meriem Riache ◽  
Pedro Revilla ◽  
Oula Maafi ◽  
Rosa Ana Malvar ◽  
Abderahmane Djemel
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Base Material ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Maize Populations

Drought and low nitrogen are major stresses for maize (Zea mays L.), and maize populations from the Sahara Desert are potential sources of stress tolerance. The objectives were to assess the tolerance and varietal and heterosis effects of Algerian populations under no-nitrogen fertilization and water stress. A diallel among six Algerian maize population was evaluated under drought (300 mm irrigation) vs. control (600 mm) and no-nitrogen fertilization vs. 120 kh ha−1 N fertilization. Genotypes showed significant differences and genetic effects for water- and nitrogen-stress tolerance. We propose a reciprocal recurrent selection to take advantage of additive and non-additive effects, using AOR and IGS, since they showed good performance in optimum and stress conditions, for improving yield heterosis for AOR × IGS. Negative effects are not expected on plant height, anthesis–silking interval or early vigor. These populations and BAH could be sources of inbred lines tolerant to drought and no-nitrogen fertilization. There was no relationship between origin and genetic group and stress tolerance per se or as parents of tolerant crosses. These populations and crosses could be used as base material among Algerian populations, for breeding programs focusing on tolerance to water or nitrogen stress.

Genetic variation in allozymes of western larch

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Fins ◽  
Lisa W. Seeb
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Glacial History ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
Inland Empire ◽  
Genetic History ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
History Of

Seed samples from 19 stands of Larixoccidentalis Nutt. were analyzed for electrophoretic variation at 23 loci. Because sample sizes consisted of only 9 or 10 trees per stand (18–20 alleles per locus per stand), samples were grouped by geographic proximity into four larger samples. For all measures of variation, this species scored lower than most, but within the range observed for other western conifers. Most of the variation was found within rather than between the population groups. The single southern sample appeared to be genetically distinct from the others. Although some variation was observed between individual stand samples in expected heterozygosity, the consistently low values for all samples suggest that genetic drift has played a major role in the genetic history of the species in the Inland Empire, both through its glacial history in postulated refugia and through fire history in recent times.

scholarly journals Genetic variation and relationships of Zea mays and Sorghum species using RAPD-PCR and SDS-PAGE of seed proteins

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (27) ◽  
pp. 4269-4276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman ◽  
G ◽  
Munshi ◽  
Altf A ◽  
F ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Sds Page

scholarly journals POPULATION GENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF FEEDING HABITS IN SOME FOREST LEPIDOPTERA

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1005-1021
Author(s):  
Charles Mitter ◽  
Douglas J Futuyma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Race Formation ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACT By surveying variation at allozyme loci in several phytophagous lepidopteran species (Geometridae), we have tested two hypotheses about the relationship of genetic variation to environmental heterogeneity: (1) that allozyme polymorphisms may exist because of associations between genotypes and "niches" (different host plants, in this instance), and (2) that the overall genetic variation of a species is correlated with environmental heterogeneity (or breadth of the species' overall ecological niche) .—Genetic differentiation among samples of oligophagous or polyphagous species taken from different host species was observed in one of three species, at only one of seven polymorphic loci. The data thus provide no evidence for pronounced genetic sub-structuring, or "host race" formation in these sexually reproducing species, although host plant-genotype associations in a parthenogenetic moth give evidence of the potential for diversifying selection.—In a comparison of allozyme variation in polyphagous ("generalized") and oligophagous ("specialized") species, heterozygosity appeared to be higher in specialized species, at all polymorphic loci but one. I t is possible that this unexpected result arises from a functional relation between breadth of diet and genetic variation.

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