GENETIC POLYMORPHISM AND SEED DIFFERENTIATION SCOTS PINE SEEDS OF DIFFERENT SELECTION CATEGORIES USING ISSR-MARKERS

The purpose of the study is a comparative assessment of the genetic diversity and differentiation of common pine seeds of different breeding categories. The object of the study was seeds harvested on permanent forest seed plots and clone forest seed plantations in the Penza region, the Chuvash Republic and the Republic of Mari El. A polymerase chain reaction method with ISSR primers has been used to assess the level of genetic diversity and differentiation. A total of 250 loci have been amplified using 6 ISSR primers, 210 of which were polymorphic ones. The studied seed batches were characterized by different levels of genetic variation. Indicators of genetic diversity of seeds (improved breeding category) have varied within the following limits: the percentage of polymorphic loci from 56.3 to 72.6; the number of alleles per locus from 1.56 to 1.73; effective number of alleles from 1.26 to 1.38; expected heterozygosity from 0.17 to 0.23. Seeds of the normal selection category are characterized by the following indicators of genetic diversity: the percentage of polymorphic loci is 57.2–72.6; the number of alleles per locus 1.57–1.68; the effective number of alleles is 1.25–1.33; expected heterozygosity - 0.16–0.19. Dependence of the level of genetic diversity on the selection category of seeds has not been identified. Generalized indicators of the genetic diversity of improved seeds have been close or higher in comparison with normal seeds. Ney's genetic distance between 8 batches of seeds has ranged from 0.027 to 0.113. The genetic subdivision index (GSI) was 0.25. Therefore, a large proportion of the genetic variation is located inside seed batches (75%).

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Assessment of genetic diversity in tomato landraces using ISSR markers

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1601025h ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 25-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mashhid Henareh ◽

Atilla Dursun ◽

Babak Abdollahi-Mandoulakani ◽

Kamil Haliloğlu

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Issr Markers ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

North West ◽

Expected Heterozygosity ◽

The World ◽

Commercial Cultivars ◽

The Mean ◽

Issr Primers

Tomato is one of the most economically important vegetable crops in many parts of the world. Turkey and Iran are the main producers of tomatoes in the world. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic variation of 93 tomato landraces from East Anatolian region of Turkey and North-West of Iran, along with three commercial cultivars using 14 ISSR primers. The percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) for all primers was 100%. The mean of expected heterozygosity (He) for the primers varied from 0.153 (UBC808) to 0.30 (UBC848). The dendrogram placed the landraces and commercial cultivars into nine groups. The genotypes originating from the same region, often located in the same group or two adjacent groups. The highest likelihood of the data was obtained when population were located into 2 sub-populations (K = 2). These sub-populations had Fst value of 0.16 and 0.21.

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Genetic analysis of silver-fir populations in the Beskids

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2003.015 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 115-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leon Mejnartowicz

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Genetic Analysis ◽

Abies Alba ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Silver Fir ◽

Geographical Distance ◽

Polymorphic Loci ◽

Expected Heterozygosity ◽

Rare Alleles

Twenty-eight isozymic loci were studied in the Beskid Mts., in four populations of common silver-fir (Abies alba): one in Beskid Makowski (BM) and three populations in Beskid Sądecki (BS). Their genetic variation and diversity were analyzed, and Nei's genetic distances between the populations were calculated. The results show that the geographical distance between the BM population and the three BS populations is reflected in genetic distances. The BM population is clearly distinct from the others. It has the lowest genetic diversity (I = 0.42), percentage of polymorphic loci (%PoL = 64.29) and number of rare alleles (NoRa = 5). Besides, the BM population has the highest observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.291), which exceeds the expected heterozygosity (He = 0.254), estimated on the basis of the Hardy-Weinberg Principle. On the contrary, BS populations are in the state of equilibrium, which is manifested, in similar values of He = 0.262 and Ho = 0.264.

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Genetic diversity and structure of Dorstenia elata (Moraceae) in an Atlantic Forest remnant

Rodriguésia ◽

10.1590/2175-7860202172081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 72 ◽

Author(s):

Liliana Aparecida Ribeiro Martins ◽

Rodrigo Monte Lorenzoni ◽

Ronald Martins Pereira Júnior ◽

Fábio Demolinari de Miranda ◽

Milene Miranda Praça Fontes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Shannon Index ◽

The Road ◽

Expected Heterozygosity ◽

Forest Remnant ◽

Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽

Native Populations ◽

The Matrix ◽

Issr Primers

Abstract Plant species that show gregarious spatial distribution and endemism to the Atlantic Forest, such as Dorstenia elata, are particularly sensitive to the effects of genetic diversity loss. In the present study, we aimed to quantify the genetic diversity in native populations of this species in an Atlantic Forest remnant. The sample included three aggregates of individuals, and molecular characterization was performed with twelve ISSR primers. Intrapopulation analyses were based on the calculation of the Shannon index; total expected heterozygosity and the matrix of distances between pairs of individuals were also calculated. The obtained grouping dendrogram evinced the formation of two groups. Interpopulation investigations were based on the analysis of molecular variance and the estimate of historical gene flow. The results demonstrate that one group comprised the genotypes from two subpopulations, and the other contained exclusively the genotypes of a third subpopulation. The greatest genetic variability was observed within rather than among populations, indicating that the geographical distance and the road that divides the studied populations are not causing loss of genetic diversity.

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Inter- and intra-population variation of local maize (Zea mays L.) populations from Slovakia and Czech Republic

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/1904-cjgpb ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 7-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Múdry ◽

J. Kraic

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Population Variation ◽

Polymorphic Loci ◽

Maize Populations ◽

Expected Heterozygosity ◽

Isoenzyme Polymorphism ◽

New Alleles

Evaluation of genetic variation was performed within 62 local maize populations originating from Slovakia and Czech Republic. In total 48 alleles at 22 analyzed isoenzyme loci with an average of 2.2 alleles per locus were revealed. The percentage of polymorphic loci ranged from 14% to 59% and the frequencies of detected alleles varied from null to four per locus. No polymorphism was detected at the loci Dia2, Got3, Mdh4, Mmm, and Pgm1. The highest number of alleles (four) was detected at loci Acp1, Cat3, Pgm2. No new alleles were identified, nevertheless the frequency of seven alleles was only about 1%. The expected heterozygosity ranged from null to 0.492 with an average of 0.197. The revealed isoenzyme polymorphism confirmed that all analyzed populations were heterogeneous and as many as 17 of them were completely heterogeneous. None of the analyzed populations was identical in the frequency of alleles at all 22 analyzed loci.

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Genetic diversity in wild and hatchery populations of stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis Bloch) revealed by RAPD analysis

Journal of Bio-Science ◽

10.3329/jbs.v19i0.13005 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 81-87

Author(s):

Md Nazrul Islam ◽

Abhishak Basak ◽

Dr Ashrafullah ◽

Md Samsul Alam

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Length Polymorphism ◽

Fragment Length ◽

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Heteropneustes Fossilis ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Polymorphic Loci

Context: DNA fingerprinting using genetic markers such as Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), microsatellite (Simple sequence repeat), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) etc. can be successfully used to reveal genetic variation within and among different populations. Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess genetic diversity in two wild and one hatchery populations of stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis by RAPD fingerprinting. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 live fish (H. fossilis), 30 from each source, were collected from a beel in Patuakhali, a beel in Jessore and Rupali Hatchery, Mymensingh. Genomic DNA was extracted from fin tissues. The concentration of DNA was estimated using a spectrophotometer. Fifteen decamer primers of random sequence from three kits (six from kit A, seven from kit B and two from kit C) (Operon technologies, Inc., Alameda, CA, USA) were screened on sub-samples of one randomly chosen H. fossilis DNA sample from the each population to test their suitability for amplifying RAPDs. The amplified products from each sample were separated by electrophoresis on 1.4% agarose gel containing ethidium bromide. The sizes of the bands were calculated using the software DNAFRAG and the sizes in base pair (bp) were used for identification of the bands (RAPD markers). The similarity index values (SI) between the RAPD fingerprint of any two individuals on the same gel were calculated from RAPD band sharing. Results: A total of 28 RAPD bands were obtained using four decamer random primers, among which 21 bands were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci, intra-population similarity indices and Nei's gene diversity values were 85.71%, 78.75 and 0.304±0.183 for Jessore population, 83.71%, 82.62 and 0.280±0.159 for Patuakhali population, 82.14%, 85.25 and 0.271±0.165 for Rupali hatchery population, respectively. The overall gene flow (Nm) among the populations was 5.755. The highest inter-similarity (Sij) was found between Patuakhali - Rupali hatchery populations. Among the three populations, the highest genetic distance (0.069) was found between Jessore and Patuakhali population. Considering polymorphic loci, intrapopulation similarity index and gene diversity the genetic variation in the Jessore population was higher than the other two populations. The genetic variation of the hatchery population was found to be lower than the two wild populations. Conclusion: The result of the present study can be used as baseline information regarding the genetic variation and population structure before undertaking any breeding programme. Study indicated that the genetic variation in the hatchery populations were slightly lower than those of the wild populations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.13005 J. bio-sci. 19 81-87, 2011

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Genetic Diversity Based on ISSR Markers of Apple Genotypes in Ardahan/Turkey

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb10410347 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 554-558

Author(s):

Emre SEVİNDİK ◽

Hüseyin UYSAL ◽

Zehra Tuğba MURATHAN

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Uv Light ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Issr Markers ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

The Matrix ◽

Commercial Kits ◽

Issr Primers

Within the present study, it was conducted a genetic diversity analysis using ISSR markers for some apple genotypes grown in Ardahan region, Turkey. Total genomic DNA (gDNA) isolation from apple leaves was performed using commercial kits. Five ISSR primers were used to determine the genetic diversity among the genotypes studied. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed with all gDNA samples to produce bands to score. PCR products were run in agarose gel and visualized under UV light. Bands on the gels were scored as “1”, while no bands at the corresponding positions were scored as “0”, to generate the matrix file. Five ISSR primers produced a total of 35 bands, and 20 of them were polymorphic. The polymorphic bands rated approximately 57%. Phylogenetic relationships and genetic distances between the genotypes were calculated by using the PAUP [Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (and Other Methods)] program. According to the PAUP data, the closest genetic distance was 0.03704 between ‘Kaburga’ and ‘Japon Apple’ genotypes, while the furthest genetic distance was 0.48148 between ‘Karanfil Apple’ and ‘Sisli Uruset’. The phylogenetic analysis obtained using UPGMA algorithm produced a phylogenetic tree with two clades. The results suggest that ISSR markers are useful tools for determining genetic relationships among apple genotypes.

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Genetic diversity and relationships among Egyptian Galium (Rubiaceae) and related species using ISSR and RAPD markers

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-013-0314-z ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kadry Abdel Khalik ◽

Magdy Abd El-Twab ◽

Rasha Galal

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Rapd And Issr ◽

Simple Sequence ◽

Issr Primers

AbstractGenetic diversity and phylogenetic analyses of 24 species, representing nine sections of the genus Galium (Rubiaceae), have been made using the Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR), Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and combined ISSR and RAPD markers. Four ISSR primers and three RAPD primers generated 250 polymorphic amplified fragments. The results of this study showed that the level of genetic variation in Galium is relatively high. RAPD markers revealed a higher level of polymorphism (158 bands) than ISSR (92 bands). Clustering of genotypes within groups was not similar when RAPD and ISSR derived dendrograms were compared. Six clades can be recognized within Galium, which mostly corroborate, but also partly contradict, traditional groupings. UPGMA-based dendrogram showed a close relationship between members of section Leiogalium with G. verum and G. humifusum (sect. Galium), and G. angustifolium (sect. Lophogalium). Principal coordinated analysis, however, showed some minor differences with UPGMA-based dendrograms. The more apomorphic groups of Galium form the section Leiogalium clade including the perennial sections Galium, Lophogalium, Jubogalium, Hylaea and Leptogalium as well as the annual section Kolgyda. The remaining taxa of Galium are monophyletic.

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Genetic Differentiation of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) and Red Pine (P. resinosa) Populations From Metal Contaminated Areas in Northern Ontario (Canada) Using ISSR Markers

Silvae Genetica ◽

10.1515/sg-2008-0049 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 57 (1-6) ◽

pp. 333-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Ranger ◽

K. K. Nkongolo ◽

P. Michael ◽

P. Beckett

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Pinus Banksiana ◽

Metal Accumulation ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Jack Pine ◽

Issr Markers ◽

Red Pine ◽

Northern Ontario ◽

Polymorphic Loci ◽

Information Index

Abstract Metal accumulation in soil and plant tissues has caused severe ecological damage in forest ecosystems in the Sudbury region. The main objective of the present study was to determine the levels of genetic diversity in jack and red pine populations growing in metal contaminated and uncontaminated areas. Newly introduced populations were compared to 40 to 60 old populations. For jack pine, the percentage of polymorphic loci (P %) ranged from 14.6% to 45.8% with a mean of 31.6%. Nei’s gene diversity (h) varied from 0.046 to 0.169 with an average of 0.100, and Shannon’s index (I) ranged from 0.070 to 0.250 with an average of 0.153. The level of genetic variation was much lower in the red pine populations. For this species, the level of polymorphic loci varied from 4.55% to 27.27%. The mean for Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon’s information index, were 0.034 and 0.053, respectively. The highest genetic diversity values were observed in new plantations being developed by the Sudbury reforestation program. Overall, the genetic distance among the Pinus banksiana populations revealed that all the populations analyzed were genetically close to each other. There was no association between metal accumulation and genetic diversity for both species.

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Genetic variation in populations of the endemic Achillea millefolium ssp. megacephala from the Athabasca sand dunes and the widespread ssp. lanulosa in western North America

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b96-138 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 74 (7) ◽

pp. 1138-1146 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Brett G. Purdy ◽

Randall J. Bayer

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Sand Dunes ◽

Achillea Millefolium ◽

Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Widespread Species ◽

Polymorphic Loci ◽

Endemic Taxon ◽

Starch Gel

As part of an analysis of genetic diversity in endemic taxa of the Athabasca sand dunes in northern Saskatchewan, Canada, genetic variation was examined by starch gel electrophoresis in six populations of the endemic Achillea millefolium ssp. megacephala, and 13 populations of the closely related widespread taxon, A. millefolium ssp. lanulosa. Endemic populations had more alleles per locus, a higher percentage of polymorphic loci, and greater genetic diversity than did populations of the widespread taxon. At polymorphic loci, total gene diversity was comparable in both taxa, although within-population gene diversity was higher in the endemic taxon. Population differentiation (GST) was considerably lower in ssp. megacephala than in ssp. lanulosa, although GST values were reduced when the parameter was calculated separately for geographic subdivisions of the widespread taxon. Our results differ from previous studies in which the endemic is typically depauperate of genetic variation relative to related widespread species. We suggest that obligate sexual reproduction and the absence of long-term asexual reproduction may be one of a number of factors that help populations of ssp. megacephala maintain higher levels of genetic variation on the Athabasca sand dunes. Keywords: genetic variation, endemic, rare species, Athabasca sand dunes, Achillea millefolium.

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Genetic structure and diversity among individuals of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. from Mato Grosso, Brazilian Amazon, using ISSR markers

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i16.23025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (16) ◽

pp. e187101623025

Author(s):

Daniele Paula Maltezo ◽

Julliane Dutra Medeiros ◽

Ana Aparecida Bandini Rossi

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Polymorphic Information Content ◽

Issr Markers ◽

Group Method ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Copaifera Langsdorffii ◽

Genetic Structure And Diversity ◽

Issr Primers

The Amazon is the largest tropical forest in the world and is home to around 20% of all the biodiversity on the planet, among the species present in the Amazon is Copaifera langsdorffii, exploited mainly for the extraction of oil-resin and wood, often in ways incorrect, which can cause the loss of genetic variability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic structure and diversity among individuals of C. langsdorffii located in Mato Grosso, Brazil, using ISSR markers. We sampled leaves from 27 adult individuals of C. langsdorffii, whose total genomic DNA was extracted. A total of 12 ISSR primers were used for the molecular characterization of the individuals. A grouping analysis was performed using the unweighted pair group method, Bayesian analysis and characterized by the genetic diversity. The genetic diversity among and within the groups was demonstrated by the AMOVA. As a result, 106 fragments were amplified and 98.11% were polymorphic. The polymorphic information content of each primer ranged from 0.45 to 0.81. The dendrogram showed the formation of 4 distinct groups. The greatest genetic variability is found within the groups and not between them. The percentage of polymorphism, genetic dissimilarity values and genetic diversity indexes indicate that there is high genetic variability among Copaifera langsdorffii individuals, suggesting that ISSR primers were efficient in detecting polymorphism in this species and that the individuals have potential for compose programs aimed at the preservation of the species and the ability to integrate germplasm banks.

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