scholarly journals Early changes in soil organic carbon following afforestation of former agricultural land

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vopravil ◽  
Pavel Formánek ◽  
Jaroslava Janků ◽  
Ondřej Holubík ◽  
Tomáš Khel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Forest Tree Species

Afforestation of less productive, risky and degraded agricultural land is one of the methods which is recommended for practical agriculture to increase the carbon sequestration. In this study, we have attempted to determine the effect of afforestation of agricultural land (warm, mildly dry climatic region of the Czech Republic) on the soil organic carbon (C<sub>ox</sub>) concentrations in the mineral soil. Two soil types (Haplic Chernozem and Haplic Cambisol) were afforested. Both an indirect estimation (loss-on-ignition method) as well as chromsulfuric acid mixture oxidation were used to determine the organic carbon content in the soil samples and the methods were compared. In the case of the Haplic Chernozem, the C<sub>ox</sub> concentration at a depth of 0–10 cm after 1–3 years of afforestation with pedunculate oak or Scots pine significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.01 and P &lt; 0.004, respectively) with the stand age. Similar to the case of the Haplic Chernozem, the C<sub>ox</sub> concentration in the Haplic Cambisol also significantly decreased in the variants with Scots pine (P &lt; 0.003) or a mixture of forest tree species (P &lt; 0.006); no significant (P &gt; 0.05) decrease was found in the case of a mixture of forest tree species on the Haplic Chernozem or with Douglas fir on the Haplic Cambisol. Significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) C<sub>ox</sub> concentrations were typically found in the case of 1-year-old stands compared to 2-year-old or 3-year-old stands. A higher C<sub>ox</sub> loss than the quantity of residues returned to the soils may be the reason the soil C<sub>ox</sub> concentration significantly (P &lt; 0.00001 and P &lt; 0.000001) decreased for the control agricultural plots (Haplic Chernozem and Haplic Cambisol). The carbon stock in the upper 10 cm of the 5-year-old stands was higher on the Haplic Chernozem and lower on the Haplic Cambisol compared to the control agricultural plots.

scholarly journals Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Afforested Agricultural Land in Lithuanian Hemiboreal Forest Zone

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1562
Author(s):  
Iveta Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė ◽  
Povilas Žemaitis ◽  
Kęstutis Armolaitis ◽  
Vidas Stakėnas ◽  
Gintautas Urbaitis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soc Stocks ◽  
Topsoil Layer

In the context of the specificity of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in afforested land, nutrient-poor Arenosols and nutrient-rich Luvisols after afforestation with coniferous and deciduous tree species were studied in comparison to the same soils of croplands and grasslands. This study analysed the changes in SOC stock up to 30 years after afforestation of agricultural land in Lithuania, representing the cool temperate moist climate region of Europe. The SOC stocks were evaluated by applying the paired-site design. The mean mass and SOC stocks of the forest floor in afforested Arenosols increased more than in Luvisols. Almost twice as much forest floor mass was observed in coniferous than in deciduous stands 2–3 decades after afforestation. The mean bulk density of fine (<2 mm) soil in the 0–30 cm mineral topsoil layer of croplands was higher than in afforested sites and grasslands. The clear decreasing trend in mean bulk density due to forest stand age with the lowest values in the 21–30-year-old stands was found in afforested Luvisols. In contrast, the SOC concentrations in the 0–30 cm mineral topsoil layer, especially in Luvisols afforested with coniferous species, showed an increasing trend due to the influence of stand age. The mean SOC values in the 0–30 cm mineral topsoil layer of Arenosols and Luvisols during the 30 years after afforestation did not significantly differ from the adjacent croplands or grasslands. The mean SOC stock slightly increased with the forest stand age in Luvisols; however, the highest mean SOC stock was detected in the grasslands. In the Arenosols, there was higher SOC accumulation in the forest floor with increasing stand age than in the Luvisols, while the proportion of SOC stocks in mineral topsoil layers was similar and more comparable to grasslands. These findings suggest encouragement of afforestation of former agricultural land under the current climate and soil characteristics in the region, but the conversion of perennial grasslands to forest land should be done with caution.

scholarly journals The survey of some factors affecting bark lesion development caused by Phytophthora cactorum on common beech and other broadleaved trees

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Holub ◽  
K. Černý ◽  
V. Strnadová ◽  
M. Mrázková ◽  
B. Gregorová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
Lesion Development ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Forest Tree Species ◽  
Common Beech

The three experiments relating to the pathogenicity of <I>Phytophthora cactorum</I> to beech and other forest tree species were carried out. The experiments were aimed to confirm pathogenicity of the pathogen, to compare its pathogenicity with the other <I>Phytophthora</I> species isolated from woody plants in the Czech Republic (<I>P. gonapodyides</I>, <I>P. cambivora</I>, <I>P. citricola</I> s.l., <I>P. cinnamomi</I>, <I>P. citrophthora</I>), to confirm its substrate specificity and diverse pathogenicity to common forest tree species (common beech, pedunculate oak, sycamore, small-leaved lime, black alder, common ash) and to determine the influence of excessive watering on the stem canker development. We found out that the tested isolate of <I>P. cactorum</I> was more effective to the host than isolates of <I>P. gonapodyides</I> and <I>P. cambivora</I>. The isolates of <I>P. cinnamomi</I> and <I>P. citrophthora</I> caused the largest necroses. It emerged that all tested tree species were susceptible to <I>P. cactorum</I>. The most susceptible tree species were sycamore and common beech. The most resistant tree species were common ash and pedunculate oak. The existence of substrate specificity of the pathogen was unequivocally confirmed. It was found out that the water stress could play an important role in the bark lesion development. We found out important differences in lesion development in different periods during growing season (June, September). &nbsp;

scholarly journals Stand age and tree species affect N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub> exchange from afforested soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5729-5760 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Christiansen ◽  
P. Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Species Difference ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Ch4 Oxidation ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Physical Changes

Abstract. Afforestation of former agricultural land is a means to mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of pedunculate oak and Norway Spruce of different stand ages (13–17 and 40 yr after afforestation, respectively) on N2O and CH4 exchange and identify the environmental factors responsible for the differences in gas exchange between tree species of different ages. N2O and CH4 fluxes (mean ± SE) were measured for two years at an afforested site. No species difference was documented for N2O emission (oak: 4.2 ± 0.7 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1, spruce: 4.0 ± 1 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1) but the youngest stands (1.9 ± 0.3 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1) emitted significantly less N2O than older stands (6.3 ± 1.2 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1). CH4 exchange did not differ significantly between tree species (oak: −8.9 ± 0.9, spruce: −7.7 ± 1) or stand age (young: −7.3 ± 0.9 μg CH4-C m−2 h−1, old: −9.4 ± 1 μg CH4-C m−2 h−1) but interacted significantly; CH4 oxidation increased with age in oak and decreased with age for Norway Spruce. We conclude that the exchange of N2O and CH4 from the forest soil undergoes a quick and significant transition in the first four decades after planting in both oak and Norway Spruce related to physical changes in the top soil and availability of soil N.

A case of gender equality: absence of sex-related costs in a dioecious tropical forest tree species

Plant Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Forni Martins ◽  
Rafaela Letícia Brito Bispo ◽  
Priscilla de Paula Loiola
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Forest Tree Species

scholarly journals Fire suppression and seed dispersal play critical roles in the establishment of tropical forest tree species in southeastern Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Forest Tree Species ◽  
Seed Deposition ◽  
Syzygium Guineense

AbstractThis study examined the mechanisms of facilitation and importance of seed dispersal during establishment of forest tree species in an Afrotropical woodland. Seedling survival of Syzygium guineense ssp. afromontanum was monitored for 2.5 years at four different microsites in savannah woodland in Malawi (southeastern Africa) under Ficus natalensis (a potential nurse plant), Brachystegia floribunda (a woodland tree), Uapaca kirkiana (a woodland tree), and at a treeless site. The number of naturally established forest tree seedlings in the woodland was also counted. Additionally, S. guineense ssp. afromontanum seed deposition was monitored at the four microsites. Insect damage (9% of the total cause of mortality) and trampling by ungulates (1%) had limited impact on seedling survival in this area. Fire (43%) was found to be the most important cause of seedling mortality and fire induced mortality was especially high under U. kirkiana (74%) and at treeless site (51%). The rate was comparatively low under F. natalensis (4%) and B. floribunda (23%), where fire is thought to be inhibited due to the lack of light-demanding C4 grasses. Consequently, seedling survival under F. natalensis and B. floribunda was higher compared with the other two microsites. The seedling survival rate was similar under F. natalensis (57%) and B. floribunda (59%). However, only a few S. guineense ssp. afromontanum seedlings naturally established under B. floribunda (25/285) whereas many seedlings established under F. natalensis (146/285). These findings indicate that the facilitative mechanism of fire suppression is not the only factor affecting establishment. The seed deposition investigation revealed that most of the seeds (85%) were deposited under F. natalensis. As such, these findings suggest that in addition to fire suppression, dispersal limitations also play a role in forest-savannah dynamics in this region, especially at the community level.

Evaluating the effects of forest tree species on rill detachment capacity in a semi-arid environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 106158
Author(s):  
Misagh Parhizkar ◽  
Mahmood Shabanpour ◽  
Isabel Miralles ◽  
Artemio Cerdà ◽  
Nobuaki Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Forest Tree Species ◽  
Semi Arid
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