scholarly journals Effect of long-term application of manure and mineral fertilizers on nitrogen mineralization and microbial biomass in paddy soil during rice growth stages

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhang ◽  
J. Qin ◽  
W. Yao ◽  
L. Bi ◽  
T. Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Significant Difference

Net N mineralization rate (NMR), net N consumption rate (NCR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), potentially mineralizable N (PMN) and mineral N (N-NH<SUP>+</SUP><SUB>4</SUB> and N-NO<SUP>-</SUP><SUB>3</SUB>) were measured in paddy soil at five growth stages of rice to determine the effect of long-term fertilization in subtropical China. The studied long-term treatments included CK (no fertilization), N, NP, NPK and NPK + OM (NPK plus organic manure). The NPK + OM treatment gave the highest values of the measured variables among all treatments. There was no significant difference in other treatments except for mineral N and PMN at early growth stages. All these variables were generally highest at transplanting stage as two thirds of fertilization was applied as basal fertilizers and the rice uptake was low. Then they decreased or leveled off with the rice growth stages except for MN in all treatments. Stepwise regression revealed that NMR was significantly correlated with MBC and N-NH<SUP>+</SUP><SUB>4</SUB> (<I>R</I><SUP>2</SUP> = 0.954, <I>P</I> < 0.01) at all rice growth stages. So, mineral plus manure fertilizer application and more mineral fertilizer as topdressing were recommended in subtropical paddy soil.

scholarly journals Labile Soil Organic Matter Pools Are Influenced by 45 Years of Applied Farmyard Manure and Mineral Nitrogen in the Wheat—Pearl Millet Cropping System in the Sub-Tropical Condition

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2190
Author(s):  
Ranjan Laik ◽  
B. H. Kumara ◽  
Biswajit Pramanick ◽  
Santosh Kumar Singh ◽  
Nidhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Tropical Climates

Labile soil organic matter pools (LSOMp) are believed to be the most sensitive indicator of soil quality when it is changed rapidly with varied management practices. In sub-tropical climates, the turnover period of labile pools is quicker than in temperate climates. Organic amendments are of importance in improve the LSOMp for a temperate climate and may be helpful in sub-tropical climates as well. Hence, the status of LSOMp was studied in long term farmyard manure (FYM) amended soils under wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) cropping systems in sub-tropical arid conditions. At the same time, we also attempt to determine the impact of mineral nitrogen (N) application in these pools. In this study, dissolved organic matter (DOM), microbial biomass (MB), and light fraction (LF) were isolated in the management practices involving different modes and rates of FYM applications along with the application of nitrogenous fertilizer. C and N contents of the labile pools were analyzed in the soil samples at different periods after FYM applications. Among the different pools, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were changed significantly with different rates and modes of FYM application and mineral N application. Application of FYM at 15 Mg ha−1 in both the seasons + 120 kg ha−1 mineral N resulted in significantly higher MBC and DOC as compared to all of the other treatments. This treatment also resulted in 13.75% and 5.8% more MBC and DOC, respectively, as compared to the amount of MBC and DOC content in the control plot where FYM and mineral N were not applied. Comparing the labile organic matter pools of 45 years of FYM amendment with initial values, it was found that the dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and light fraction carbon were increased up to the maximum extent of about 600, 1200, and 700 times, respectively. The maximum amount of DOM (562 mg kg−1 of DOC and 70.1 mg kg−1 of DON), MB (999 mg kg−1 of MBC and 158.4 mg kg−1 of MBN), LF (2.61 g kg−1 of LFC and 154.6 g kg−1 of LFN) were found in case of both season applied FYM as compared to either summer or winter applied FYM. Concerning the different rates of FYM application, 15 Mg ha−1 FYM also resulted in a significantly higher amount of DOM, MB, and LF as compared to other FYM rates (i.e., 5 Mg ha−1 and 10 Mg ha−1). Amongst different pools, MB was found to be the most sensitive to management practices in this study. From this study, it was found that the long-term FYM amendment in sub-tropical soil along with mineral N application can improve the LSOMp of the soil. Thus, it can be recommended that the application of FYM at 15 Mg ha−1 in summer and winter with +120 kg ha−1 mineral N can improve SOC and its labile pools in subtropical arid soils. Future studies on LSOMp can be carried out by considering different cropping systems of subtropical climate.

Long-term tillage effects on soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon in a purple paddy soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
李辉 LI Hui ◽  
张军科 ZHANG Junke ◽  
江长胜 JIANG Changsheng ◽  
郝庆菊 HAO Qingju ◽  
吴艳 WU Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biomass Carbon

Influence of soil mineral nitrogen content on soil respiratory activity and measurements of microbial carbon and nitrogen by fumigation-incubation procedures

Soil Research ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Ross
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

The influence of soil mineral-N (min-N) content on rates of respiratory activity (CO2 production), and measurements of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen by fumigation-incubation procedures, was investigated with three fertile soils and one low-fertility soil. These soils were sampled at each of the four seasons from pastures in which intensive grazing can result in high levels of min-N. Values of CO2-C flush and thin-N flush [the difference between CO2-C and min-N produced by fumigated samples and an unfumigated contl ol (or, for CO2-C only, fumigated control)] were used as indices of biomass C and N. Soil min-N content was adjusted by the addition of ammonium sulfate (approx. 50 �g NH4+-Ng-1 soil). In the low fertility soil and two of the fertile soils, added min-N had no significant effect on CO2 production or CO2-C flush values. In the other soil (Castlepoint), the added min-N usually lowered CO2 production in unfumigated samples, and increased CO2-C flush values when an unfumigated control was used; CO2-C flush values were not affected when a fumigated control was used. Use of a fumigated control for estimating biomass C in these grassland soils is recommended. Added min-N had few significant effects on the min-N flush values of the three fertile soils. In the low-fertility soil (Pomare), the min-N flush values of summer and autumn samples were appreciably higher in the presence of added min-N, with the results suggesting that the min-N flush values of the samples without added min-N were erroneously low because of N immobilization. Overall, min-N flush measurements appear to provide a satisfactory index of microbial biomass in fertile soils under pasture, but care in the interpretation of min-N flush values from low-fertility grassland soils seems advisable.

Microbial biomass carbon and some soil properties as influenced by long-term sodic-water irrigation, gypsum, and organic amendments

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joginder Kaur ◽  
O. P. Choudhary ◽  
Bijay-Singh
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Sodic Water

Long-term sodic-water irrigation may adversely affect the quality of soil organic carbon along with some soil properties. The extent to which the adverse effects can be ameliorated through the use of gypsum and amendments needs to be known. Soil properties and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were studied after 14 years of sodic water (SW) irrigation and application of different levels of gypsum, farmyard manure (FYM), green manure (GM), and wheat straw (WS) to a sandy loam soil. Irrigation with SW increased pH, electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and bulk density, and decreased final infiltration rate of soil. Application of gypsum and organic amendments reversed these trends. Decrease in MBC due to SW irrigation was from 132.5 to 44.6 mg/kg soil in the 0–75 mm soil layer and from 49.0 to 17.3 mg/kg soil in the 75–150 mm soil layer. Application of gypsum and organic amendments significantly increased MBC; GM and FYM were more effective than WS. Changes in soil ESP explained 85 and 75% variation in MBC in the unamended and organically amended SW treatments, respectively. Soil pH as additional variable improved the predictability of MBC to 96% and 77%. Irrigation with SW reduced yield of rice plus wheat by 5 t/ha. Application of gypsum and organic amendments significantly increased the rice and wheat yield; it was significantly correlated with MBC (r = 0.56**, n = 60). It confirms that MBC rather than organic C is a more sensitive indicator of environmental stresses in soils caused by long-term sodic water irrigation.

scholarly journals Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon under Rhizosphere and Non- Rhizosphere of Maize after a Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization and Tillage Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
. Dermiyati ◽  
Eva Firdaus ◽  
Muhajir Utomo ◽  
Mas Achmad Syamsul Arif ◽  
Sutopo Ghani Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon

This research aimed to study the soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) under maize plant after a long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer and tillage systems (at the 37th growing season). The treatments were arranged in a factorial (3x3) in a randomized completely block design with 3 replications. The first factor was tillage systems, namely intensive tillage (IT) system, minimum tillage (MT) system, and no tillage (NT) system, and the second factor was the long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer, namely 0, 100, and 200 kg N ha-1. Data were analyzed using an orthogonal contrast test and a correlation test between SMBC and organic-C, total-N, and pH of the soil. The results showed that, in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of maize plant, MT system increased the SMBC compared to NT and IT systems. However, application of long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer did not increase the SMBC. Nevertheless, fertilizer application of 100 kg N ha-1 increased the SMBC compare to 200 kg N ha-1.Furthermore, the combination of MT system and 100 kg N ha-1 could increase the SMBC compared to the other combined treatment between tillage systems and N fertilization doses. The SMBC was higher in the rhizosphere than in non-rhizosphere of maize plant.Keywords: Non-rhizosphere, rhizosphere, soil microbial biomass carbon, tillage systems

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of certain soil microbiological characteristics of the carbon cycle

2016 ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Bence Mátyás ◽  
Judit Horváth ◽  
János Kátai
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Long Term Experiment

In our researches, we examine the soil microbial parameters related to the carbon cycle. In this study, we compare the changes of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and the soil CO2 production in soil samples which were taken in spring and autumn. The 30 years old long-term experiment of Debrecen-Látókép is continued in our experiments. The long-term fertilization experiment was set in 1983, and our sample was taken in spring 2014. The examinations of soil respiration processes and factors that influence soil respiration are required in optimal management. In our study, we interested to know how the growing levels of fertilization influence the soil respiration and microbial biomass carbon under non-irrigated and irrigated conditions in maize mono, bi, and triculture.

Productivity, economics and soil fertility of soybean - safflower croppingsystem in response to nutrient management practices

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Padmavathi ◽  
I. Y.L.N Murthy ◽  
M. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Mineral N

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nutrient management practices on the performance of soybean - safflower sequence in Vertisols. The safflower equivalent yield (2418 kg/ha-1); gross returns (Rs. 53196/ha-1); net returns (Rs 33734/ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.8) were significantly superior either with the application of NPK to the system + 5 t FYM/ha to safflower; or NPK to the system + soybean residues to safflower; or NPK to the system + both crop residues. Similar trend was also observed with respect to soil health indicators viz., soil respiration (108 mg C/g soil/10 days), microbial biomass C (284 mg C/g soil), microbial biomass N (41.9 mg N/g soil), mineral N (13.8 mg N/g soil) and net N mineralization (5.4 mg N/g soil/ 10 days). Significant improvement was observed in terms of PGPR and Trichoderma sp were found when NPK + crop residues were applied to the system.

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